Deck 10: Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

In the nineteenth century, it was already known that brain size was unrelated to intelligence.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The theory of split labour market explains scapegoating of Chinese immigrants in early-twentieth-century Canada.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The book title Two Solitudes refers to relations between the British and the French in Canada.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Immigration from China to Canada was banned altogether in 1923.

Question 5

Multiculturalism offers no political advantages to ethnic groups.

Question 6

A higher percentage of Canadians than of people from any other country have positive view of immigrants.

Question 7

Critical race theory emphasizes that each person is individually responsible for his/her level of racism.

Question 8

Canadian and American racial and ethnic policies are quite different, and result in very different levels of economic and social integration of immigrants.

Question 9

Although slavery was technically legal in Canada for a short time, no Canadians actually owned slaves.

Question 10

Science has developed much over the last century, so that is now relatively easy to distinguish races based on genetic differences.

Question 11

Segregation is the intentional extermination of an entire population defined as a "race" or "people."

Question 12

Nowadays, Aboriginal Canadians can identify themselves as Aboriginal or Canadian at will.

Question 13

Race is a useful biological concept, but it is useless in sociology.

Question 14

Career options popularly held as appropriate for black American youth offer very little security.

Question 15

A significant reason why Canada's Aboriginal peoples have failed to integrate is internal colonialism.

Question 16

African Americans have, on average, the same IQ scores as European Americans.

Question 17

In the middle of the twentieth century, Canada was sharply stratified along ethnic and racial lines.Those with the most power and privilege were of British origin, known as "WASPs" or White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.

Question 18

According to the textbook, racial identity is based on objective physical markers, and ethnic identity on objective cultural markers.

Question 19

Experiences of the textbook author John Lie prove that prejudice and discrimination are never directed against whites.

Question 20

When low-wage workers of one race and high-wage workers of another race compete for the same jobs, high-wage workers are likely to resent the presence of low-wage competitors and conflict is bound to result.This situation is called a "split labour market."

Question 21

Which of the following is the current focus of Canadian multicultural policy?

A)forging of unique Canadian identity
B)non-selective immigration policy
C)equity and inclusion
D)cultural diversity

Question 22

Which of the following objections has been raised against Canadian policy on temporary foreign workers?

A)It is racist and sexist.
B)It is financially inefficient.
C)It is a cause of widespread social conflict.
D)It is subject to uncontrollable corruption.

Question 23

What explains the lesser economic success of recent immigrants to Canada in the 1990s than in the 1970s?

A)higher importance of ethnic and racial cultures
B)lower educational credentials
C)high rates of unemployment
D)discriminatory immigration policies

Question 24

Race is to biology as ethnicity is to which of the following?

A)cohesion
B)dissent
C)structure
D)culture

Question 25

Halyna speaks Ukrainian fluently, makes traditional food, dances at traditional festivals, and was married at the Ukrainian Orthodox Church.Which of the following is she a part of?

A)the power elite
B)a majority group
C)an ethnic group
D)a racial group

Question 26

Which of the following Canadians is least likely to be able to enjoy symbolic ethnicity?

A)Maggie, the Irish marine biologist
B)Alain, the French engineer
C)Ina, the German nurse
D)Russell, the South Asian comedian

Question 27

According to the textbook, which of the following were NOT subjected to internal colonialism in Canada?

A)the French
B)Ukrainians
C)Aboriginals
D)Africans

Question 28

Naomi and Seth were born in Canada but they continue to host a monthly gathering at the Jewish Community Centre for the older people in their community, most of whom were born outside Canada and survived the Holocaust.What kind of advantages of ethnic affiliation does their gathering illustrate?

A)political advantages
B)emotional advantages
C)cultural advantages
D)economic advantages

Question 29

Jyoti has recently immigrated to Canada from Mumbai, India.She has settled into a primarily South Asian neighbourhood, keeps in regular contact with her friends and relatives in Mumbai by telephone and email, and blogs about the latest Bollywood films.According to the textbook, what is Jyoti a part of?

A)internal colonialism
B)an ethnic melting pot
C)a transnational community
D)a cross-border community

Question 30

Canadian and American racial and ethnic policies are quite different, but the two countries have quite similar degrees of economic and social integration of immigrants.

Question 31

Which of the following Canadians is likely to have the lowest annual income?

A)a second-generation male black immigrant
B)a second-generation female black immigrant
C)a Canadian-born male of Chinese ancestry
D)a Canadian-born female of Chinese ancestry

Question 32

Which of the following refers to the co-existence of a variety of ethnic groups, each of whom retains its own cultural heritage within a society, where all groups have equitable access to resources?

A)accommodation
B)amalgamation
C)assimilation
D)pluralism

Question 33

Pluralism is a nostalgic allegiance to the culture of the immigrant generation, or of the old country-a love for and a pride in a tradition that can be felt without having to be incorporated in everyday behaviour.

Question 34

Segregation is the process by which a minority group blends into the majority population and eventually disappears as a distinct group.

Question 35

Which of the following is most likely to contribute to a system of internal colonialism?

A)segregated school system
B)a parliamentary quota for representation of the colonized
C)public reconciliation between the colonizers and the colonized
D)conversion of the colonized peoples to the religion of the colonizer

Question 36

Jews in Canada were once defined as a race and are now defined as an ethnic group.Which of the following characteristics of Canadian Jews best explains this change?

A)cultural development
B)changes in citizenship
C)upward mobility
D)self-identification

Question 37

What is the social function of the belief in high athletic ability of black Americans?

A)to maintain solidarity
B)to maintain inequality
C)to decrease the level of inequality
D)to decrease the level of racism

Question 38

As an exercise in his sociology class, Andrew records the ethnic backgrounds of his five closest friends and then asks his parents and grandparents to do the same.He discovers that all are of the same ethnicity as he is.How would the textbook explain this finding?

A)active racism on the part of Andrew and his family
B)a legacy of internal colonialism
C)the lack of non-white immigration in Canada historically
D)the current lack of diversity in Canada

Question 39

Which of the following terms refers to the intentional murder of a whole population?

A)expulsion
B)genocide
C)colonization
D)conquest

Question 40

Emotional support is NOT a significant advantage of ethnic group identification.

Question 41

According to the textbook, what is the outcome of social structural barriers to assimilation?

A)residential and employment segregation
B)hostility and animosity
C)depression and other mental health problems
D)incentives to work harder, smarter, and faster

Question 42

Based on the textbook's discussion of race, why might some experts refer to it as "our most dangerous myth"?

A)because people believe that meaningful racial differences exist
B)because people do not believe in important racial differences
C)because it is the most significant factor in determining one's personal safety
D)because it is incorrectly believed to determine one's personal safety

Question 43

Gretchen and her friends wish to apply for government funding to organize "German Cultural Days." Which of the following makes it possible for them to do this?

A)public education policy
B)transnational communities policy
C)multiculturalism policy
D)ethnic entrepreneurship policy

Question 44

Expulsion, conquest, and slavery are forms of which of the following?

A)internal colonialism
B)segregation
C)genocide
D)revolution

Question 45

According to the textbook, who participates in the process of negotiation that leads to adoption and change of racial and ethnic labels?

A)political parties
B)the government and the people
C)domestic and foreign governments
D)group members and outsiders

Question 46

Chinese men were brought in to Canada particularly to work on the most difficult and dangerous section of the Canadian Pacific Railway line.According to the textbook, how many Chinese workers died per every kilometre of railway track?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 47

When was the policy of multiculturalism established in Canada?

A)1961
B)1971
C)1981
D)1991

Question 48

Which of the following forms of ethnic behaviour would Irish Canadians be most likely to engage in today?

A)lobbying against racial and ethnic discrimination
B)attending weekly masses at an Irish church
C)attending classes of Gaelic language
D)attending a St.Patrick's day parade

Question 49

According to the textbook, which of the following is the main effect of internal colonialism?

A)assimilation
B)integration
C)lack of integration
D)lack of assimilation

Question 50

Which of the following critiques of the research on IQ tests and race is NOT discussed in the textbook?

A)IQ scores increased as people were able to afford better education.
B)IQ scores increased as enriched educational facilities were provided to the poor.
C)There is no evidence to suggest that group IQ differences are biologically based.
D)IQ tests are culturally biased and based on knowledge more familiar to some groups in society.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a form of internal colonialism in Canada?

A)conquest
B)expulsion
C)slavery
D)migration

Question 52

Which of the following best describes the Quiet Revolution in Québec?

A)modernization
B)secularization
C)nationalization
D)globalization

Question 53

Which of the following was an outcome of immigration in Canada in the middle of the twentieth century?

A)The French retained most of their earlier political and economic control.
B)Canada was stratified more by class than by the race or ethnicity of immigrants.
C)Later immigrants to Canada enjoyed levels of power and prestige similar to the earlier immigrants.
D)There were large differences in status between immigrants from Europe and immigrants from Asia.

Question 54

According to the textbook, which of the following explains a higher likelihood of extremism among French than among Canadian Muslims?

A)higher rates of conversion to Christianity
B)higher level of prejudice and discrimination
C)higher level of religiosity
D)higher level of self-segregation

Question 55

Which of the following would critical race theory best be able to explain?

A)institutional racism
B)individual racism
C)overt discrimination
D)intentional discrimination

Question 56

From which of the following places were most immigrants to Canada in 2006 drawn?

A)Asia
B)Central and South America
C)the United States
D)Africa and the Middle East

Question 57

Which of the following is a reason for challenging the term "Indian" as it pertains to North American Indigenous people?

A)because it refers only to certain indigenous groups and it is incorrectly applied to all
B)because it is a name erroneously given to Indigenous people by a lost colonial explorer
C)because it reflects a lifestyle that is no longer relevant in contemporary society
D)because it is too narrow to reflect the Pan-Indian reality of North America

Question 58

What do recent Canadian surveys about racism demonstrate?

A)Canadians no longer hold racist views.
B)Only a small fraction of the population holds racist views.
C)Up to one half of the population hold racist views.
D)Nearly all Canadians hold racist views.

Question 59

What conclusion does the textbook reach regarding the concept of race?

A)Race does not matter.
B)Race is meaningless because there are no racial differences in thought and behaviour.
C)Race is significant because people believe that it is and act on the basis of their beliefs.
D)Race is the most important factor of people's position in the stratification system.

Question 60

A researcher hires 10 black and 10 European actors to answer employment ads.All use the same resume and show the same skills during interviews.In the end, the black actors receive 3 job offers and the European actors receive 8.For which of the following concepts does this study provide evidence?

A)nationalism
B)racism
C)chauvinism
D)authoritarianism

Question 61

Which of the following Canadians would be able to choose his race and ethnicity most easily and successfully?

A)Robert, a 35-year-old Jamaican lawyer
B)Jung-Hwa, a 25-year-old Korean student
C)Conan, a 20-year-old Scottish hair stylist
D)Peter, a 30-year-old Métis construction worker

Question 62

A young Aboriginal couple come to view the basement suite the Simpsons want to rent out.They seem nice and have good references, but the Simpsons refuse them, worrying that the couple may not be able to pay rent regularly.What are the Simpsons demonstrating?

A)scapegoating
B)discrimination
C)prejudice
D)authoritarianism

Question 63

What is Herbert Gans's term for the nostalgia and pride one can feel about one's ethnic roots without being constrained by them in one's daily life?

A)false ethnicity
B)ephemeral ethnicity
C)transitory ethnicity
D)symbolic ethnicity

Question 64

Who coined the term "the vertical mosaic"?

A)John Lie
B)John Porter
C)Peter Sandiford
D)Edna Bonacich

Question 65

Which of the following positions in today's Québec is most likely to be occupied by an anglophone?

A)head of a department at the Ministry of Education
B)general manager at the Bank of Montreal
C)professor at the Université du Québec
D)Provincial Minister for Health and Social Welfare

Question 66

Naveen's law school application has just been rejected.His friend George, an Aboriginal Canadian, has been accepted.Naveen blames his failure on a supposed "Aboriginal quota" that made it easier for George to be accepted.What is Naveen engaging in?

A)prejudice
B)scapegoating
C)discrimination
D)authoritarianism

Question 67

Which of the following is the sociological lesson of the documentary Searching for Sugarman?

A)Black Americans are discriminated against, but Latino Americans are not.
B)No social movement becomes successful without popular music.
C)Apartheid is reprehensible to most people in the world.
D)Social change is not easy to achieve.

Question 68

According to the textbook, the legacy of internal colonialism continues to act as a barrier to which of the following processes today?

A)pluralism
B)multiculturalism
C)assimilation
D)convergence of interests

Question 69

Millie is a black woman living in Canada in the 1890s.Which of the following most likely characterizes her position?

A)She is a slave living on the same property near Ottawa as her white owners, with her basic physical needs taken care of.
B)She is a free woman living in Africville and doing laundry at a hotel for very low pay.
C)She is a free woman living in downtown Halifax and working as a nurse in a local hospital.
D)She is a free woman who owns and runs a rooming house in Ottawa.

Question 70

What prompted Italian Canadians to see themselves as a distinctive group in Canada around 1900?

A)being defined that way by government officials and other Canadian residents
B)the recent unification of Italy
C)preferential immigration policies toward Italians and Greeks
D)deportation if they refused to identify with a country instead of a region

Question 71

What can be learned from John Lie's story of his changing ethnic identity and experiences?

A)Experiences and opportunities shift depending upon others' perceptions of one's identity.
B)It is normal for children to choose an ethnic identity different from that of their parents.
C)It is possible to conceal one's ethnic origins to avoid negative consequences.
D)Everyone is free to choose ethnic identity at will.

Question 72

What did Hitler's systematic plan to exterminate people of Jewish extraction exemplify?

A)expulsion
B)conquest
C)colonization
D)genocide

Question 73

According to the textbook, which of the following original principles of multiculturalism was neglected in its early practical application?

A)forging of unique Canadian identity
B)non-selective immigration policy
C)equity and inclusion
D)cultural diversity

Question 74

Which of the following refers to members of subordinate groups who are blamed for societal problems?

A)racists
B)minority groups
C)stereotypes
D)scapegoats

Question 75

According to the textbook, how were Aboriginal people depicted in Canadian school textbooks until the mid-twentieth century?

A)as "noble savages"
B)as primitive, yet exotic, "others"
C)as evil, manipulative, and villainous
D)as gentle, peaceful hunter-gatherers

Question 76

Which social processes were Dr.Samuel George Morton's research on brain size and race used to justify?

A)globalization and modernization
B)stratification and global expansion
C)colonization and slavery
D)the scientific method and rationalization

Question 77

Why were Québécois worried that the French-Canadian population would decline beginning in the 1970s?

A)because replacement-level fertility was not occurring in Québec
B)because life expectancy was declining in Québec
C)because mortality rates had increased in Québec
D)because many Québécois were emigrating to other countries

Question 78

Nia and Costas have worked hard to open and maintain a restaurant in Greektown.They plan to leave the restaurant to their children when they retire, so the children may have a legacy and ongoing ties with the homeland.What kind of advantage of ethnic group affiliation does their plan rely on?

A)political advantages
B)emotional advantages
C)cultural advantages
D)economic advantages

Question 79

What has been the trend in racial and ethnic intermarriage in Canada since 1871?

A)It has become less common.
B)It has become more common.
C)It is lower than in other countries and unchanged.
D)It is higher than in other countries and unchanged.

Question 80

Gretchen and her friends wish to apply for government funding to organize "German Cultural Days." Which of the following advantages of ethnic affiliation does their plan illustrate?

A)political advantages
B)emotional advantages
C)cultural advantages
D)economic advantages