Deck 13: Section 2: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

According to the textbook, the DSM-5 has been criticized for:

A)representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives.
B)including eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety disorder as mental disorders.
C)not including homosexuality as a mental disorder.
D)gender bias.

Answer 1

gender bias.

Question 2

A study by psychologist Henry Steadman and his colleagues monitored the behavior of more than 1,000 former mental patients for a year after they were discharged from psychiatric facilities. They also monitored the behavior of a matched control group of people who were not former mental patients but were living in the same neighborhood. What did the study find?

A)The people in the matched control group were more than twice as likely to smoke cigarettes as the former mental patients.
B)Compared to the control group, the former mental patients were almost three times as likely to behave violently during the year.
C)Compared to the control group, the former mental patients were more likely to be victims of violent crime.
D)The former mental patients did not have a higher rate of violence than the control group.

Answer 2

The former mental patients did not have a higher rate of violence than the control group.

Question 3

Researchers have investigated whether people with mental disorders are significantly more violent and dangerous than other groups of people. What was the basic finding of that research?

A)People with mild psychological disorders are more likely to be dangerous and violent than people who do not have a mental disorder.
B)People who have a severe mental disorder in which they are delusional or hallucinating display a slightly higher level of violent behavior than people who do not have a mental disorder.
C)People who have a severe mental disorder in which they are delusional or hallucinating are actually much less likely to display violent behavior than people who do not have a mental disorder.
D)Mental illness is the most significant risk factor predicting the likelihood that a person will behave violently.

Answer 3

People who have a severe mental disorder in which they are delusional or hallucinating display a slightly higher level of violent behavior than people who do not have a mental disorder.

Question 4

According to the Critical Thinking section, which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE?

A)Multiple studies have found that people with a major mental illness belong to one of the most stigmatized groups in modern society.
B)In much of the popular media, people with psychological disorders are portrayed in positive, but stereotyped ways, such as being creative geniuses or artistic prodigies.
C)Research has shown that even people with mild psychological disorders tend to be dangerous and prone to violence.
D)People with psychological disorders are the least stigmatized group in modern society.

Question 5

Hundreds of mental health professionals, mostly _____, participated in the development of the DSM-5.

A)social workers and gerontologists
B)biologists and geneticists
C)psychiatrists and clinical psychologists
D)pediatricians and internists

Question 6

The acronym "DSM-5" stands for:

A)Developmental and Secondary Mental Disorders Manual, 5th Translation.
B)Disorders: Simple and Multifaceted, 5th Edition, Technical Revision.
C)Deviations from Standard Mentality, 5th Edition (Technical Release).
D)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition.

Question 7

The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual was published in:

A)1895.
B)1952.
C)1999.
D)2011.

Question 8

According to the Critical Thinking section on media and mental illness, which of the following is FALSE?

A)Most violent individuals are not psychotic and most psychotic individuals are not violent.
B)The incidence of violent behavior among current or former mental patients is exaggerated in media portrayals.
C)Most violent individuals are psychotic, and most psychotic individuals are violent.
D)The overall contribution of mental disorders to the total level of violence in society is exceptionally small.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is FALSE?

A)DSM-5 describes more than 260 specific psychological disorders.
B)DSM-5 provides a common language to diagnose and label mental disorders.
C)DSM-5 is of little practical value to clinical psychologists and other mental health workers because it merely describes the symptoms of mental illnesses and does not explain what causes them.
D)DSM-5 describes the specific criteria that must be met in order for a mental health professional to diagnose a particular mental disorder.

Question 10

The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) investigated:

A)the prevalence of mental disorders among minority groups.
B)the prevalence of mental disorders in different nations and cultures.
C)the prevalence of mental or psychological disorders in American adults.
D)how people with mental disorders were portrayed in television shows.

Question 11

According to the textbook, the DSM-5 has been criticized for:

A)representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives.
B)including eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety disorder as mental disorders.
C)not including homosexuality as a mental disorder.
D)using arbitrary cutoffs to draw the line between people with and without a particular disorder.

Question 12

According to the textbook, the DSM-5 has been criticized for:

A)representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives.
B)including eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety disorder as mental disorders.
C)not including homosexuality as a mental disorder.
D)possible bias resulting from the financial ties of many DSM-5 authors to the pharmaceutical industry.

Question 13

The DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with:

A)both a common language for labeling mental disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.
B)pictures of "crazy" people.
C)very rough guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders.
D)comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing only treatment-resistant mental disorders.

Question 14

Regarding the difference between normal and abnormal behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Abnormal behavior is unusual, whereas normal behavior is not.
B)The difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree.
C)Normal behavior is not "crazy," but abnormal behavior is.
D)Abnormal behavior is usually frightening and disturbing, but normal behavior is not.

Question 15

Researcher George Gerbner and his colleagues analyzed U.S. television shows. According to the Critical Thinking section, they found that:

A)although 5 percent of normal television characters are murderers, 70 percent of the mentally ill characters are killers.
B)40 percent of normal characters were violent, but only 5 percent of characters labeled mentally ill were violent.
C)although 5 percent of normal television characters are murderers, 20 percent of the mentally ill characters are killers.
D)70 percent of normal characters were violent, but only 20 percent of characters labeled mentally ill were violent.

Question 16

According to the Critical Thinking section, recent meta-analytic research on mental illness and violent behavior has shown that:

A)people who have a severe mental illness and are experiencing extreme psychological symptoms, such as delusions or hallucinations, have a very low level of violent behavior compared to normal people.
B)substance use disorder greatly increases the risk of violent behavior by people who have been diagnosed with a severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia.
C)people who have a severe mental illness and are experiencing extreme psychological symptoms, such as delusions or hallucinations, have approximately three times the level of violent behavior as normal people.
D)substance use disorder greatly decreases the risk of violent behavior by people who have been diagnosed with a severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia.

Question 17

The DSM-5 is a book that describes more than _____ specific psychological disorders.

A)10
B)150
C)260
D)300

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Abnormal behavior is almost always easy to distinguish from normal behavior.
B)When someone's behavior strikes you as strange or unusual, you can correctly label the behavior as psychopathological.
C)The dividing line between normal and abnormal behavior is often determined by the social or cultural context in which a particular behavior occurs.
D)According to DSM-5 a person who refused to eat foods such as fish, meat, onions, garlic, or other "hot" foods for six months or longer, would be classified as suffering from a mental disorder.

Question 19

The term _____ refers to the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.

A)sociopathology
B)psychopathology
C)biosocial developmental pathology
D)comorbidity pathology

Question 20

According to the textbook, the DSM-5 has been criticized for:

A)representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives.
B)including eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety disorder as mental disorders.
C)not including homosexuality as a mental disorder.
D)including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement.

Question 21

During the last year, Rebecca's 10-year-old son, Tyler, has developed several unusual symptoms. For no apparent reason, Tyler's head will suddenly jerk, his eyes will repeatedly blink, or he will repetitively shrug his shoulders. In the past two months, Tyler's symptoms have become more frequent and more intense. Additionally, Tyler's fourth grade teacher has complained that Tyler sometimes makes clicking and grunting sounds in class, which he doesn't seem to be able to control. Which of the following psychological disorders does Tyler most likely have?

A)autistic spectrum disorder
B)Tourette's disorder
C)somatic symptom disorder
D)kleptomania

Question 22

Normal anxiety is _____ and pathological anxiety is _____.

A)severe and global; mild and specific
B)irrational and intense; reasonable and mild
C)disruptive and uncontrollable; adaptive and irrational
D)reasonable and infrequent; irrational and persistent

Question 23

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) is that the lifetime prevalence of:

A)any disorders was 46 percent.
B)depressive and bipolar disorders was 15 percent.
C)substance use disorders was 56 percent.
D)anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD was 46 percent.

Question 24

According to the results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), approximately _____ percent of people with the symptoms of a mental disorder received no treatment during the past year.

A)10
B)99.9
C)26
D)59

Question 25

Which of the following statements about anxiety is TRUE?

A)Anxiety is always abnormal.
B)Anxiety is a symptom that occurs only in the anxiety disorders but not in other psychological disorders.
C)Anxiety can be adaptive, helpful, and beneficial when it alerts people to a realistic threat.
D)Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state, but it has no physical effects.

Question 26

An unpleasant emotional state that involves feelings of worry, dread, apprehension, and tension, along with heightened physical arousal, is called:

A)anxiety.
B)mania.
C)dissociation.
D)alogia.

Question 27

Actress Winona Ryder was convicted of felony grand theft for taking more than $5,000 worth of merchandise from a Beverly Hills Saks Fifth Avenue store. People who, like Winona Ryder, have uncontrollable impulses to steal objects even when they have money to pay for the items are said to have:

A)kleptomania.
B)pyromania.
C)an addictive disorder.
D)Tourette's disorder.

Question 28

In contrast to normal anxiety, pathological anxiety:

A)is irrational, uncontrollable, and disruptive.
B)is focused on relationship problems rather than work or academic concerns.
C)alerts people to realistic problems that need to be addressed or solved.
D)is intense but typically short-lived, often lasting less than an hour.

Question 29

According to the results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), approximately 1 out of _____ American adults has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point thus far in his or her life.

A)250
B)50
C)10
D)2

Question 30

The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) found that:

A)almost 1 out of 2 adults (46 percent) has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point thus far in his or her life.
B)there was a very low degree of comorbidity; few people with one disorder were likely to be diagnosed with another disorder as well.
C)the vast majority of people with a psychological disorder seek professional treatment for their symptoms.
D)only 1 out of every 10 adults (10 percent) has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point in his or her life.

Question 31

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the urge to set fires for pleasure, gratification, or relief of tension?

A)autistic spectrum disorder
B)fetishistic disorder
C)narcolepsy
D)pyromania

Question 32

Janet is convinced that she has one or more serious illnesses. She has a preoccupation with diseases and misinterprets her normal bodily symptoms or functions as serious health problems. Her doctors say she is perfectly healthy and that her various symptoms are probably due to her imagination. Which of the following psychological disorders does Janet most likely have?

A)narcolepsy
B)Tourette's disorder
C)autistic spectrum disorder
D)illness anxiety disorder

Question 33

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) is that the median age of onset in years for any disorder was:

A) 11.
B)14.
C) 20.
D)30.

Question 34

Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety?

A)The night before his final exam, Bill is unable to sleep because he is worried about doing well on the test.
B)For the past several weeks, Mavis has been unable to concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school, even though she knows that he's safe.
C)Seth is upset because his girlfriend told him she wants to start dating other guys, and he is afraid that she will break up with him.
D)Barbara has just found out that her company has been sold, and she is very worried that she might lose her job.

Question 35

Which of the following disorders is characterized by severely impaired social and communication skills, including delayed or a complete lack of language development?

A)autistic spectrum disorder
B)fetishistic disorder
C)narcolepsy
D)pyromania

Question 36

According to the results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), approximately 1 out of _____ American adults has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder during the previous year.

A)4 (26 percent)
B)10 (10 percent)
C)2 (46 percent)
D)100 (1 percent)

Question 37

Although he has only been caught one time, Devin has repeatedly shoplifted small items that he could easily pay for or doesn't need. Which of the following psychological disorders is Devin most likely to have?

A)pyromania
B)kleptomania
C)Tourette's disorder
D)borderline personality disorder

Question 38

Pedro received his midterm grades and discovered that he currently has 2 Ds and 4 Cs that are bordering on Ds. Pedro has experienced significant anxiety about his grades and is making appointments to meet with all of his instructors. How might Pedro's anxiety be adaptive?

A)It will help him determine whether or not to withdrawal from the university.
B)It will motivate him to get more sleep.
C)It will motivate him to study harder.
D)It will help him determine whether or not he has chosen the right major.

Question 39

Pathological anxiety:

A)is often normal in high-stress contexts.
B)can motivate people to work harder.
C)is synonymous with generalized anxiety.
D)is irrational and disruptive.

Question 40

Even though Paula's friends have told her that her concerns are exaggerated, Paula continues to be excessively worried about physical symptoms that are out of proportion to the symptoms that exist. Paula is MOST likely having a_____ disorder.

A)neurodevelopmental
B)somatic symptom
C)borderline personality
D)antisocial personality

Question 41

For the third time in two months, Erica's husband rushed her to the hospital emergency room because Erica thought she was having a heart attack. Her symptoms included a racing, pounding heart, weakness, feeling faint, and feeling as if she were unable to breathe. Although her doctor says she is physically healthy, Erica lives in fear of another attack. Erica is most likely suffering from which psychological disorder?

A)specific phobia
B)panic disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 42

On three separate occasions when she was out in public over the past three months, Vanessa has had to rush home after being overwhelmed by dizzy spells during which her heart pounded and she felt as if she couldn't breathe. On the last occasion she went to the emergency room but a thorough examination ruled out any medical problem. Nevertheless, Vanessa has become increasingly fearful about having more episodes and she has restricted her activities to only the most essential outings. Vanessa seems to be displaying symptoms of which of the following psychological disorders?

A)posttraumatic stress disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)social anxiety disorder
D)agoraphobia

Question 43

According to the _____ of panic disorder, people with panic disorder are not only oversensitive to physical sensations, they also tend to misinterpret and exaggerate the meaning of their experience, and may be victims of their own illogical thinking.

A)triple vulnerabilities model
B)biosocial developmental theory
C)evolutionary theory
D)catastrophic cognitions theory

Question 44

Lou Ann has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder called agoraphobia. Lou Ann is afraid of:

A)heights.
B)having a panic attack in a public place.
C)her home.
D)lightning.

Question 45

The most common symptoms of a(n) _____ are a pounding heart, rapid breathing, breathlessness, and a choking sensation. The person may also sweat, tremble, and experience light-headedness, chills, or hot flashes. Accompanying the intense, escalating surge of physical arousal are feelings of terror and the belief that one is about to die, go crazy, or completely lose control.

A)panic attack
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)major depressive disorder

Question 46

Sudden, intense, and short-lived anxiety is to _____ as ongoing, persistent, and global anxiety is to _____.

A)specific phobia; ataque de nervios
B)generalized anxiety disorder; panic disorder
C)agoraphobia; specific phobia
D)panic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder

Question 47

Alan always has been terrified of spiders. He refuses to enter his bedroom at night until it has been thoroughly checked for spiders. Even a picture of a spider makes him extremely uncomfortable. Most likely, Alan is suffering from a psychological disorder called:

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)specific phobia.
D)obsessive compulsive disorder.

Question 48

People with _____ are constantly tense and anxious, and their anxiety is pervasive. They feel anxious about a wide range of life circumstances, sometimes with little or no apparent justification.

A)panic disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)agoraphobia
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 49

Because the anxiety can be attached to virtually any object or to none at all, generalized anxiety is sometimes referred to as:

A)free-floating anxiety.
B)dissociative anxiety.
C)phobophobia.
D)dissociative.

Question 50

The main symptom of a disorder called _____ is frequent, unpredictable, and unexpected panic attacks.

A)general anxiety disorder
B)panic disorder
C)agoraphobia
D)dissociative fugue

Question 51

Trevor's heart was pounding after he ran up three flights of stairs. He immediately began to think he might be having a heart attack, which made him even more physically aroused, and this, in turn, made him more panicky. According to the _____, Trevor may be a victim of his own illogical thinking and may be misinterpreting and exaggerating normal physical sensations.

A)catastrophic cognitions theory of panic disorder
B)evolutionary theory of panic disorder
C)biosocial developmental model of panic disorder
D)the triple vulnerabilities model of panic disorder

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of panic disorder?

A)Panic attacks are frequent and unexpected.
B)A panic attack may occur during or after a stressful period of life.
C)A panic attack occurs at regular intervals, such as once a week or once a month.
D)Some sufferers of panic disorder develop agoraphobia.

Question 53

Juanita was very upset and distraught at her father's funeral. As his coffin was being lowered into the grave she suddenly experienced heart palpitations, dizziness, and the feeling that she was going crazy. She started to scream and swear, and hit out at those around her, but was immediately comforted and embraced by her family members. Juanita may have experienced a syndrome called _____ that has been reported in many Latin American cultures.

A)ataque de nervios
B)dissociative fugue
C)the delusion of being controlled
D)taijin kyofusho

Question 54

The textbook defines _____ as a persistent and irrational fear of something, usually a specific object or situation that does not necessarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life.

A)ataque de nervios
B)a phobia
C)taijin kyofusho
D)panic disorder

Question 55

Darlene is constantly nervous, tense, and apprehensive. She worries about her health, her job, her children, and her relatives. Her husband has tried to reassure her that everything is going well, but she can't seem to shake her pervasive anxiety. Darlene is probably experiencing:

A)normal anxiety.
B)agoraphobia.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)panic disorder.

Question 56

Global, persistent, chronic, and excessive apprehension is the main feature of:

A)panic disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 57

According to the catastrophic cognitions theory of panic disorder, people with panic disorder:

A)are likely to believe that heart attack symptoms are simply indigestion or heartburn.
B)are likely to misinterpret and exaggerate the meaning of their normal physical sensations and may be the victims of their own illogical thinking.
C)have a genetic or biological predisposition to react with high anxiety and high physical arousal to threatening stimuli.
D)are faking their condition, because they are reinforced by the attention they receive during an "attack."

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors in the triple vulnerabilities model of panic disorder?

A)an oversensitivity to physical sensations
B)a deficiency in the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin
C)a low sense of control over potentially life-threatening events
D)a biological predisposition toward anxiety

Question 59

The _____ of panic disorder states that a biological predisposition toward anxiety, a low sense of control over potentially life threatening events, and an oversensitivity to physical sensations combine to make a person susceptible to panic.

A)catastrophic cognitions theory
B)evolutionary theory
C)biosocial developmental model
D)triple vulnerabilities model

Question 60

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by constant, excessive, and unjustified anxiety about a wide range of issues and circumstances?

A)panic disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)agoraphobia
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 61

When people have experienced multiple traumas, they are:

A)less likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder.
B)more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)likely to develop an immunity to disorders involving anxiety.
D)more likely to become violent themselves.

Question 62

Nobuaki is a young Japanese man living in Tokyo. Nobuaki suffers from a syndrome called taijin kyofusho. This means that Nobuaki:

A)suffers from delusions of grandeur.
B)has delusions of being controlled by outside forces such as aliens, government, or random people.
C)is extremely anxious that he will somehow offend, insult, or embarrass other people.
D)is depressed because he believes that he has failed to live up to the expectations of his family or work group.

Question 63

The disorder that usually affects Japanese males and involves extreme social anxiety about offending, insulting, or embarrassing other people is called:

A)ataque de nervios.
B)dissociative fugue.
C)taijin kyofusho.
D)panic disorder.

Question 64

Which of the following has been used to explain why people are more likely to develop phobias of certain animals or situations, such as snakes, heights, slugs, maggots, or cockroaches that were survival threats in our evolutionary history?

A)the biosocial developmental theory
B)operant conditioning
C)biological preparedness
D)classical conditioning

Question 65

Which of the following statements about phobias is FALSE?

A)About 13 percent of the general population will experience a specific phobia at some point in their lives.
B)More than twice as many men as women suffer from specific phobia.
C)Many people have mild phobias of certain animals, such as dogs or snakes, or certain situations, such as flying or being in enclosed places.
D)Even though people with specific phobias know their fear is excessive and irrational, they will go to great lengths to avoid the feared object or situation.

Question 66

According to the biological preparedness idea, people are more likely to develop phobias toward objects or situations that:

A)reflect an important threat to survival in human evolutionary history.
B)are manufactured rather than naturally occurring.
C)are inherently dangerous, like flying and driving.
D)frightened them in early childhood.

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of the development of a phobia through observational learning?

A)After eating a big spaghetti dinner, John gets sick and can no longer stand the smell of spaghetti.
B)Matilda develops a fear of spiders after years of seeing her mother and older sister react with extreme fear whenever they see a spider.
C)After being attacked by a man in an elevator, Evelyn developed a phobia of elevators and other small, confined spaces.
D)Joe was bitten by a dog when he was a child and as a result he now gets nervous whenever he sees any dog.

Question 68

Patrick has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Patrick is likely to experience:

A)simple shyness.
B)the overwhelming urge to repeatedly wash his hands to avoid being contaminated by other people's germs.
C)a paralyzing fear of crowds, particularly in confined areas like elevators, theaters, or small rooms.
D)a paralyzing fear of performing even routine behaviors in public situations or in front of other people.

Question 69

A long-lasting disorder that develops in response to being exposed to a severe and often life-threatening trauma is called _____ disorder.

A)generalized anxiety
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)posttraumatic stress
D)persistent depressive

Question 70

Jayne was in a fast-food restaurant when a man walked in, drew a gun, and started shooting, killing two people before killing himself. Although Jayne was not injured in the shooting spree, she has since been unable to return to work. She can't seem to stop thinking about the event. She has recurrent nightmares, is unable to sleep, and does not want to leave her home. It is most likely that Jayne is suffering from _____ disorder.

A)generalized anxiety
B)posttraumatic stress
C)cyclothymic
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 71

Which of the following would be an example of a phobia that reflects biological preparedness?

A)After being mugged on a subway platform, Annie is afraid to ride the subway and insists on taking buses or cabs.
B)After being bitten by a strange dog, Eloise is phobic of dogs.
C)Simply eating a meal with others in a restaurant evokes unbearable anxiety in Stephen.
D)Ever since he was a child, Alan has been terrified of snakes.

Question 72

Unlike social anxiety disorder, a person with _____ is not worried about being embarrassed in public. Rather, reflecting the cultural emphasis of concern for others, a person suffering from this disorder fears that his appearance or smell, facial expression, or body language will offend, insult, or embarrass other people.

A)ataque de nervios
B)dissociative fugue
C)taijin kyofusho
D)panic disorder

Question 73

The development of phobias can be partly explained by:

A)classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
B)high brain levels of dopamine.
C)low brain levels of dopamine.
D)the misinterpretation of the signs of normal physical arousal.

Question 74

Which of the following is an example of the development of a phobia through classical conditioning?

A)John has a fear of heights and avoids looking out the window of his office in a high-rise building.
B)After watching graphic film coverage of the aftermath of a severe tornado that has been aired repeatedly on the local TV news program, Matt feels nervous whenever there are signs of an impending storm.
C)After being attacked by a man in an elevator, Evelyn developed a phobia of elevators and other small, confined spaces.
D)After reading about the dangers of tick-borne diseases, Cindy is afraid to go hiking in the woods.

Question 75

Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is FALSE?

A)People with social anxiety disorder typically are unaware that their fears are unreasonable or excessive.
B)Social anxiety disorder is more prevalent among women than men.
C)People with social anxiety disorder fear being embarrassed or failing in public.
D)In severe cases, people with social anxiety disorder may suffer a panic attack in social situations.

Question 76

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A)Men are twice as likely as women to develop PTSD.
B)People with a personal or family history of psychological disorders who are exposed to an extreme trauma are more likely to develop PTSD.
C)When people undergo multiple traumas, the incidence of PTSD can be quite high.
D)The magnitude of the trauma affects the development of the disorder, with more extreme stressors being more likely to produce PTSD.

Question 77

Which of the following involves the development of a phobia through operant conditioning?

A)The person has a predisposition to develop a phobia about objects or situations that represented a threat to survival in our evolutionary past.
B)As a result of a stimulus being associated with an unpleasant event, this previously neutral stimulus now becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a fear response.
C)The person learns to fear a particular object or situation by observing another person reacting fearfully to it.
D)Avoiding the feared object or situation is negatively reinforcing, so the person is more likely to avoid the feared object or situation again in the future.

Question 78

Although she cannot remember ever being harmed by a cockroach, Kate has an extreme fear of cockroaches. Which of the following ideas might be used to help explain her specific phobia of cockroaches?

A)Kate watched a horror movie that involved large insects eating people.
B)Kate is Japanese and her irrational fear of cockroaches is one of the symptoms of a culturally specific disorder called taijin kyofusho.
C)Kate is biologically prepared to develop phobias toward creatures that arouse disgust and are associated with disease, filth, and contamination.
D)Kate's symptoms are the result of a deficiency in the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 79

The four core symptoms of _____disorder are (1) frequent, intrusive recollections of a traumatic event; (2) numbing of emotional responsiveness, (3) avoidance of stimuli that tend to trigger memories of the traumatic event: and (4) increased physical arousal associated with anxiety.

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)generalized anxiety
C)posttraumatic stress
D)social anxiety

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A)multiple personalities
B)intrusive, frequent memories of the traumatic event
C)extreme anxiety and increased physical arousal
D)avoiding stimuli that trigger memories of the traumatic event