Deck 20: A: Self-Management

Question 1

Brian plans to use antecedent manipulations to increase the amount of exercise he gets.To increase behavior through antecedent manipulation you can __________ the discriminative stimulus and cues for the desirable behavior,__________ an establishing operation for the desirable behavior,and __________ the response effort for the desirable behavior.​

A) ​present;arrange;decrease
B) ​remove;arrange;increase
C) ​present;eliminate;decrease
D) ​remove;eliminate;increase

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Jeff wants to decrease the number of cigarettes that he smokes.Jeff writes an agreement with his roommate stating a specific level of the behavior that must be met,and the consequences for meeting and not meeting the goal.What type of self-management strategy is Jeff using?​

A) ​self-monitoring
B) ​social support
C) ​behavioral contract
D) ​behavioral arrangement

Answer 2

C

Question 3

One reason for the existence of self-management problems is that the occurrence of excess and deficit behavior is influenced by:​

A) ​immediate contingencies
B) ​long-term outcomes
C) ​delayed contingencies
D) ​B and C

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Tom wants to decrease his behavior of swearing.He arranges a contingency in which he will pay five dollars to his parents every day that he swears.What type of contingency has Tom arranged?​

A) ​positive reinforcement
B) ​negative reinforcement
C) ​positive punishment
D) ​negative punishment

Question 5

The goal of self-management strategies is to decrease __________ and to increase __________.​

A) ​controlling behavior;controlled behavior
B) ​excess behavior;deficit behavior
C) ​negative reinforcement;positive reinforcement
D) ​respondent behavior;operant behavior

Question 6

Which of the following should be used in ALL self-management procedures?​

A) ​arranging reinforcers
B) ​antecedent manipulation
C) ​behavioral contract
D) ​social support

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a reason why an undesirable behavior continues to occur?​

A) ​the behavior is immediately reinforced
B) ​competing behaviors do not exist
C) ​the behavior requires decreased response effort
D) ​the behavior is immediately punished

Question 8

Self-management involves the modification of __________ to make the target behavior more likely to occur.​

A) ​antecedents
B) ​consequences
C) ​alternative behavior
D) ​all of these

Question 9

In self-management,the behavior that an individual engages in to influence the future occurrence of the target behavior is referred to as __________ behavior.​

A) ​respondent
B) ​controlling
C) ​controlled
D) ​functional

Question 10

The delayed outcome for a behavioral deficit is _________ while the immediate outcome is __________.​

A) ​positive;negative
B) ​negative;positive
C) ​positive;positive
D) ​negative;negative

Question 11

Self-management problems often involve a conflict between:​

A) ​positive and negative reinforcement
B) ​operant and respondent conditioning
C) ​positive and negative punishment
D) ​short-term and long-term contingencies

Question 12

What is the first step in a self-management plan?​

A) ​goal setting
B) ​functional assessment
C) making the decision to engage in self-management​
D) ​defining the target behavior and competing behaviors

Question 13

For what type of behavior are self-management strategies used?​

A) ​excess behavior
B) ​deficit behavior
C) ​alcoholism
D) ​A and B

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true concerning goal setting?​

A) ​goal setting is usually effective by itself as a self-management strategy
B) goal setting involves a criterion level and a time frame​
C) ​the goals that are set should be achievable
D) ​goal setting is often used in conjunction with self-monitoring

Question 15

Larry wants to increase the amount of exercise that he gets.Larry arranges for significant others in his life to help influence his target behavior by having them exercise with him and give him encouragement and praise.This self-management strategy is referred to as:​

A) ​social support
B) ​behavioral assistance
C) ​peer assistance
D) ​environmental support

Question 16

When individuals use behavior modification procedures to change their own behavior it is referred to as:​

A) ​contingency control
B) ​functional control
C) ​self-monitoring
D) ​self-management

Question 17

Lori wants to decrease the amount of pop that she drinks,and she arranges a contingency for meeting her goal.If she drinks more than two cans of pop during the day,she cannot watch television in the evening.What type of contingency has Lori arranged?​

A) ​positive reinforcement
B) ​negative reinforcement
C) ​positive punishment
D) ​negative punishment

Question 18

Andrew wants to increase the time that he studies each week,and he writes a behavioral contract in which he will be the one to implement the contingencies.The contract states that he can go to a party on the weekend if he studies 15 hours during the week.Andrew studies for only 10 hours during the week,but still goes to a party on the weekend.This is referred to as:​

A) ​modifying the contingencies
B) ​short-circuiting the contingencies
C) ​consequence avoidance
D) ​consequence delay

Question 19

Nicole is using a self-management strategy to increase the amount of water that she drinks.When Nicole walks by a water fountain or her refrigerator,she covertly tells herself to drink some water.After she has had a drink,Nicole silently gives herself a positive evaluation.Which self-management strategy is Nicole using?​

A) ​covert conditioning
B) ​self-instructions
C) ​self-praise
D) ​B and C

Question 20

A desirable behavior may NOT be occurring for all of the following reasons except:​

A) ​the behavior is not immediately reinforced when it occurs
B) ​the behavior involves an increased response effort
C) ​the behavior is negatively reinforced when it does occur
D) ​competing behavior interferes with its occurrence

Question 21

In order to decrease a target behavior using consequence manipulations,you should __________ for the target behavior and __________ for the alternative behavior.​

A) ​provide punishers;eliminate punishers
B) ​provide reinforcers;eliminate reinforcers
C) ​eliminate reinforcers;provide reinforcers
D) ​A and C

Question 22

When choosing appropriate self-management strategies,you should choose one or more strategies that manipulate relevant ___________ and relevant ___________.​

Question 23

At what point in time do you reevaluate a self-management procedure?​

A) ​once the goal has been achieved
B) ​before the procedures are implemented
C) ​if the target behavior is not changing in the desired direction
D) ​if the target behavior is changing as expected

Question 24

When behavior modification procedures are used by an individual to change his or her own behavior,the process is called ___________.​

Question 25

When the act of self monitoring results in a change in the target behavior that is being recorded,self monitoring is said to be ___________.​

Question 26

Presenting an S^D for the target behavior or arranging an EO for the target behavior are examples of ____________________ manipulations.​

Question 27

A target behavior that is occurring too little that you would like to increase is called a ____________________.​

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the maintenance of the target behavior at desired levels?​

A) ​goal setting should continue once the target behavior has reached the desired level
B) ​natural contingencies are usually sufficient to maintain the behavior change
C) ​self-monitoring should continue in order to provide information on the behavior's occurrence
D) ​periodic implementation of self-management procedures may be necessary to maintain the change

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT true concerning self-monitoring?​

A) ​self-monitoring involves recording each instance of the target behavior
B) ​self-monitoring in conjunction with goal setting may change the behavior in the desired direction
C) ​self-monitoring is stopped once the behavior reaches the desired level
D) ​self-monitoring provides information on whether additional self-management strategies are required

Question 30

Goal setting involves writing down the ___________ of the target behavior and the ___________ for the occurrence of the behavior.​

Question 31

In short-circuiting the contingencies you arrange a reinforcer for desirable behaviors.However,when you fail to engage in the desirable behavior,you:​

A) ​reinforce the undesirable behavior
B) ​allow yourself to have the reinforcer anyway
C) ​withhold the reinforcer until you engage in the desirable behavior
D) ​A and B

Question 32

The use of consequence manipulations to increase a target behavior involves all of the following except:​

A) ​providing reinforcers for alternative behavior
B) ​eliminating reinforcers for alternative behavior
C) ​providing reinforcers for the target behavior
D) ​eliminating punishers for the target behavior

Question 33

A target behavior that is occurring too much that you would like to decrease is called a___________________.​

Question 34

In short-circuiting the contingencies you arrange a punisher for the occurrence of an undesirable behavior.However,when you engage in the undesirable behavior,you:​

A) ​provide a reinforcer for the behavior
B) ​deliver the punisher
C) ​deliver the punisher for the desirable behavior
D) ​fail to deliver the punisher

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a self-management strategy?​

A) ​arranging punishing contingencies
B) ​self-instructions
C) ​goal setting
D) ​respondent conditioning

Question 36

In order to implement a self-management plan correctly,you must first:​

A) ​select appropriate self-management strategies
B) ​define the target behavior
C) ​eliminate competing behaviors
D) ​set an achievable goal

Question 37

In self-management,the ___________ are self-management strategies and the ___________ is the target behavior to be modified.​

Question 38

The process of generating information on the antecedents and consequences of the target behavior and the competing behaviors is referred to as:​

A) ​environmental review
B) ​self-monitoring
C) ​functional assessment
D) ​contingency assessment

Question 39

Larry wrote a contract with himself that says he cannot watch his favorite TV show on Saturday until he has mowed the lawn.Saturday rolls around and Larry watches his TV show even though he hasn't mowed the lawn.This is called _______________________.​

Question 40

___________________ occurs when significant others naturally provide cues for the target behavior or provide reinforcing consequences for the target behavior.​

Question 41

What are the short term and long term contingencies for overeating?​

Question 42

Maintenance strategies are not a necessary part of self-management programs.​

Question 43

What are 2 reasons why a behavioral deficit would fail to occur even though the future outcome of the behavior is positive?​

Question 44

An individual can change his own behavior by arranging antecedents and consequences to influence the occurrence of the behavior.​

Question 45

Self-management involves the individual developing will power to get a behavior to occur.​

Question 46

Self-management programs cannot involve other individuals implementing reinforcers or punishers.​

Question 47

A behavioral contract written without the assistance of a contract manager in a self-management program is more effective than a contract written with a contract manager.​

Question 48

Although smoking has its negative effects on a person's life in the future,why do people continue to smoke?​

Question 49

When does social support become a self-management strategy?​

Question 50

The immediate consequence of a behavior determines whether the behavior occurs.​

Question 51

Goal-setting is often implemented in conjunction with self monitoring.​

Question 52

What does it mean to short circuit the contingencies in a self-management project?​

Question 53

Whenever possible,it is a good idea to include a social support component in a self-management program.​

Question 54

List the steps involved in developing a self-management plan.​

Question 55

The fact that exercise provides health benefits in the future is often enough to get people to exercise in the present time.​

Question 56

Identify 3 antecedent manipulations a pregnant woman could use to increase the likelihood that she would eat healthier foods.​

Question 57

The long term outcome of a behavior determines whether the behavior will occur.​