Deck 13: Intertidal Communities

Question 1

Rockweeds overcome the problems of desiccation by:

A) growing only in shaded areas.
B) having a gelatinous covering.
C) evaporating water from their tissues.
D) bending with the waves.
E) being covered with a waxy cuticle.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

____ is common in sandy intertidal areas.

A) Predation
B) Algal grazing
C) Deposit feeding
D) Parasitism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Most of the animals living in the sandy intertidal are:

A) infaunal.
B) epifaunal.
C) epiphytic.
D) planktonic.
E) nektonic.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Lichens of the supralittoral fringe are compound associations between:

A) algae and bacteria.
B) fungi and bacteria.
C) bacteria and cyanobacteria.
D) fungi and algae.
E) algae and cyanobacteria

Question 5

Rough periwinkles that live in the splash zone use ____ for respiration.

A) gills
B) lungs
C) the mantle cavity
D) the foot
E) the radula

Question 6

The supralittoral zone is:

A) the area below the low tide mark.
B) the area above the high tide mark.
C) the area between low and high tide marks.
D) the area under the rocks.

Question 7

Supralittoral isopods

A) must have some salt water cover daily.
B) would drown if placed in water.
C) return to the sea to lay eggs.
D) have pseudogills.
E) prey on barnacles.

Question 8

The size of sediment particles on sandy beaches will influence the following characteristic of the beach:

A) porosity.
B) oxygen content.
C) food content.
D) rate of water drainage.
E) all of the above.

Question 9

The rough periwinkles protect exposure of eggs by

A) producing planktonic eggs inside jelly coats.
B) attaching gelatinous egg masses to large algae.
C) retaining the eggs in the mantle cavity.
D) providing a protective membrane around the eggs.
E) dispersing them into the water column.

Question 10

A tar-like patch found in the upper North Atlantic supra-intertidal usually is:

A) a lichen.
B) a cyanobacteria.
C) sea hair.
D) a sponge.
E) a seaweed.

Question 11

The organisms of the intertidal are subject to daily changes in all except:

A) exposure to air.
B) desiccation.
C) wind and waves.
D) low light levels.
E) heat.

Question 12

On very wavy rocky shores, mussels will occupy the ____ zone without being affected too much by predation.

A) lower intertidal
B) upper intertidal
C) middle intertidal
D) supratidal
E) splash

Question 13

Sea urchins living in the rocky intertidal zone use the following method to overcome wave shock:

A) creating burrows in which they live.
B) having a low profile.
C) using spines to dissipate the energy of the wave.
D) all of the above

Question 14

During winter months in temperate environments organisms can die from:

A) high rain fall.
B) freezing.
C) low sunlight.
D) increased predation.
E) increased pH level.

Question 15

Barnacles such as Balanus are most common in the ____ zone of the rocky intertidal.

A) upper midlittoral
B) middle midlittoral
C) lower midlittoral
D) subtidal
E) splash

Question 16

Supralittoral isopods are

A) predators.
B) herbivores.
C) detritivores.
D) scavengers.
E) grazers.

Question 17

Most of the animals living in the rocky intertidal are:

A) infaunal.
B) epifaunal.
C) epiphytic.
D) meiofaunal.
E) pelagic.

Question 18

On Pacific coasts, the population of mussels is kept in check by predation from:

A) sea otters.
B) sea stars.
C) sea urchins.
D) barnacles.
E) supralittoral isopods.

Question 19

The upper limit of an organism's distribution in the rocky intertidal is usually determined by:

A) grazing effect.
B) predation.
C) pH.
D) desiccation.
E) competition.

Question 20

The area with the highest species diversity among the following is:

A) rocky subtidal.
B) sandy subtidal.
C) sandy intertidal.
D) rocky supratidal.
E) splash zone.

Question 21

The macroplants of the midlittoral temperate Pacific and Atlantic are characterized by:

A) red algae.
B) green algae.
C) brown algae.
D) seagrasses.
E) mangals.

Question 22

The tropical supralittoral zone immersed only at the highest spring tides is the:

A) brown.
B) white.
C) gray.
D) black.
E) yellow.

Question 23

____ factors determine which type of algae species will predominate in tide pools in New England.

A) Bottom-up
B) Top-up
C) Abiotic
D) Biological
E) Physical

Question 24

The yellow zone in the tropical middle intertidal owes its color to:

A) sponges.
B) boring algae.
C) barnacles.
D) limpets.
E) crabs.

Question 25

Tidepool organism adaptations to changing environmental conditions are most similar to those of animals living in the ____.

A) supralittoral zone
B) salt marsh
C) sandy beach
D) mangrove forest
E) open ocean

Question 26

The following is not a common feeding type in rocky intertidal areas:

A) filter feeding.
B) scavenger.
C) grazer.
D) deposit feeding.
E) carnivore.

Question 27

Ghost crabs predominate in:

A) sandy supratidal.
B) sandy intertidal.
C) sandy subtidal.
D) rocky shores.
E) splash zones.

Question 28

Oysters dominate this rocky shore zone.

A) The middle and low midlittoral
B) The subtidal zone
C) The supralittoral fringe
D) The upper midlittoral
E) The splash zone.

Question 29

The supralittoral fringe of the tropics contains all the following zones except:

A) brown.
B) white.
C) gray.
D) black.

Question 30

An example of a filter feeder is:

A) a mussel.
B) a sea star.
C) a crab.
D) a nematode.
E) an isopod.

Question 31

Intertidal soft bottoms are unstable due to:

A) wave action.
B) erosion.
C) changing tides.
D) currents.
E) all of the above.

Question 32

The tropical midlittoral fringe has two zones; they are

A) brown and yellow.
B) brown and pink.
C) black and white.
D) brown and black.
E) pink and yellow.

Question 33

Which of the following is false about rocky shores?

A) Mangroves are common.
B) Silt is removed by waves.
C) They retain finer sediments.
D) Surf functions to oxygenate the water.
E) Sessile organisms are common.

Question 34

A tidepool exposes organisms to all the following except:

A) desiccation.
B) thermal stress.
C) salinity changes.
D) pH changes.
E) dissolved oxygen changes.

Question 35

Grain size in the intertidal is primarily determined by:

A) wave activity.
B) types of animals in the area.
C) amount of sunlight.
D) feeding types in the sediment.
E) burrowing activity of infauna.

Question 36

The true border between land and sea in the tropics is called the ____ zone.

A) brown
B) white
C) gray
D) black
E) yellow

Question 37

The upper distribution of tropical intertidal nerites can be found in the ____ zone.

A) brown.
B) white.
C) gray.
D) black.
E) yellow

Question 38

Mussels attach to the rocky shores by:

A) byssal threads.
B) mucous secretions.
C) foot.
D) calcareous shells.
E) glue.

Question 39

The organism in the tropics that replaces limpets in the supralittoral fringe is

A) turtle grass.
B) nerites.
C) the hermit crab.
D) knobby periwinkle.
E) the coconut crab.

Question 40

The dominant producers of the infralittoral fringe in temperate Pacific and Atlantic are the:

A) foliose red algae.
B) green algae.
C) large brown algae.
D) eelgrass.
E) calcareous red algae.

Question 41

The pH of a tide pool can change dramatically over short time periods.

Question 42

The pink zone of the tropical middle intertdial is characterized by the widespread:

A) irregular worm snails.
B) coralline algae.
C) anemones.
D) keyhole limpets.
E) barnacles.

Question 43

Mussels outcompete barnacles for space in the middle intertidal zone of the temperate rocky intertidal.

Question 44

Zonation on a rocky intertidal zone refers to the distribution of different kinds of rocks from one area to the next.

Question 45

Which zone does not occur in the sandy beach?

A) resurgence
B) drying sand
C) saturation
D) retention
E) maintenance

Question 46

Barnacles are more adept than mussels at withstanding the effect of desiccation.

Question 47

The upper sandy beach often ends:

A) where sand dunes begin.
B) where terrestrial vegetation begins.
C) at the high tide line.
D) both a and b
E) both b and c

Question 48

Primary production in the sandy beach is primarily by:

A) seagrasses.
B) diatoms.
C) dinoflagelletes.
D) mangals.
E) both b and c

Question 49

Tide pools offer refuge to intertidal animals because they are not subject to wild fluctuations in temperature and salinity.

Question 50

Coquinas are carried up the beach for filter feeding by the waves.

Question 51

Animals living in the supralittoral fringe must be able to deal with the force of wave shock.

Question 52

Sea stars are not sensitive to desiccation and hence are found in the high intertidal.

Question 53

On both the eastern and western coasts of the USA, the subtidal zone contains very productive

A) seagrass meadows.
B) Laminaria seaweeds.
C) Ulva flats.
D) both a and b
E) both b and c

Question 54

The zone that is exposed only during spring tides is called:

A) lower intertidal.
B) subtidal.
C) Laminaria.
D) seagrass.
E) splash.

Question 55

Beaches with heavy wave action tend to have finer sand particles and are flat.

Question 56

Most of the organisms of the supralittoral fringe of sandy beach cope by:

A) moving out of the area during low tide.
B) closing their shells.
C) living in permanent or semi-permanent tubes and burrows.
D) tolerating desiccation.
E) migrating into upper tidal zones.

Question 57

Sessile organisms predominate on sandy/muddy subtidal habitats.

Question 58

Unlike rocky beaches, sandy beaches have vertical zonation of organisms that live in the sediment.

Question 59

Some resident intertidal fish include all the following except.

A) rock eels.
B) lamprey eels.
C) gobies.
D) sculpins.
E) blennies.

Question 60

A common organism of the temperate infralittoral fringe (lower intertidal) is called:

A) Laminaria.
B) Entermorpha.
C) Ulva.
D) lichen.
E) giant kelp.

Question 61

Match the algae with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.coralline algae
b.boring algae
c.Sargassum
Pink Zone

Question 62

Match the plant with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.Laminaria
b.Lichens
c.Rockweeds
Supralittoral fringe

Question 63

MATCHING
Match the zone with those it is most closely associated with in the Stephensons' classification system.
a.intertidal zone
b.maritime zone
c.splash zone
Midlittoral

Question 64

Space is not a limiting factor on a rocky intertidal beach.

Question 65

Match the algae with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.coralline algae
b.boring algae
c.Sargassum
Infralittoral fringe

Question 66

MATCHING
Match the zone with those it is most closely associated with in the Stephensons' classification system.
a.intertidal zone
b.maritime zone
c.splash zone
Supralittoral

Question 67

Match the species with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.Fuzzy chiton
b.Knobby periwinkle
c.Nerites
White zone

Question 68

MATCHING
Match the zone with those it is most closely associated with in the Stephensons' classification system.
a.intertidal zone
b.maritime zone
c.splash zone
Supralittoral fringe

Question 69

Match the organism with the most closely associated tidal zone.a.acorn barnacles
b.mussels
c.periwinkles
Supralittoral fringe

Question 70

Match the algae with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.coralline algae
b.boring algae
c.Sargassum
Yellow Zone

Question 71

Match the species with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.Fuzzy chiton
b.Knobby periwinkle
c.Nerites
Black zone

Question 72

Match the organism with the most closely associated tidal zone.a.acorn barnacles
b.mussels
c.periwinkles
Upper midlittoral

Question 73

Match the sandy beach characteristic with the term.
a.surf zone
b.lacks a surf zone
c.the water flowing back down the beach
d.the water running up the beach
Reflective beach

Question 74

Match the sandy beach characteristic with the term.
a.surf zone
b.lacks a surf zone
c.the water flowing back down the beach
d.the water running up the beach
Backwash

Question 75

Match the organism with the most closely associated tidal zone.a.acorn barnacles
b.mussels
c.periwinkles
Middle zone

Question 76

Match the sandy beach characteristic with the term.
a.surf zone
b.lacks a surf zone
c.the water flowing back down the beach
d.the water running up the beach
Swash

Question 77

Match the plant with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.Laminaria
b.Lichens
c.Rockweeds
Midlittoral

Question 78

Match the species with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.Fuzzy chiton
b.Knobby periwinkle
c.Nerites
Gray zone

Question 79

Match the plant with the zone it is most closely associated with.
a.Laminaria
b.Lichens
c.Rockweeds
Infralittoral fringe

Question 80

Match the sandy beach characteristic with the term.
a.surf zone
b.lacks a surf zone
c.the water flowing back down the beach
d.the water running up the beach
Dissipative beach