Deck 1: Why Does Nutrition Matter

Question 1

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and water are classified as

A) functional foods.
B) phytochemicals.
C) micronutrients.
D) macronutrients.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Vitamins and minerals are classified as _____ because only small amounts are required each day.

A) macronutrients
B) micronutrients
C) phytochemicals
D) minor nutrients

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In a double-blind study the investigator knows whether a subject is in the treatment or control group.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The best definition of nutrition is:

A) the science of how living organisms obtain and use food to support processes required for existence.
B) the study of essential nutrients.
C) the study of newly identified compounds that benefit health.
D) the science of weight loss.

Question 5

Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are classified as macronutrients.

Question 6

Both organic and inorganic compounds contain carbon.

Question 7

Researcher bias is avoidable by blinding researchers and subjects about who is receiving treatment.

Question 8

Vitamins can be converted directly into energy within cells.

Question 9

_____ are non-essential compounds found in plants that may produce health benefits.

A) Functional vitamins
B) Phytochemicals
C) Zoochemicals
D) Zoonutrients

Question 10

_____ are non-essential compounds found in animals that may produce health benefits.

A) Phytochemicals
B) Zoochemicals
C) Phytonutrients
D) Functional vitamins

Question 11

Functional foods are foods that

A) are sterile.
B) are organic.
C) have a long shelf-life.
D) contain large concentrations of nutrients or phytochemicals or zoochemicals.

Question 12

A _____ is a professional who has been trained specifically to help people make diet and food choices to support a healthy lifestyle.

A) medical doctor
B) nutrition scientist
C) registered dietitian
D) chiropractor

Question 13

Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining for a person.

Question 14

In order for a food to carry the USDA organic seal it must contain at least 95% organic ingredients.

Question 15

An essential nutrient is one that

A) a person must consume upon awakening each day.
B) must be obtained from the diet to sustain life.
C) sustains life, but is not necessarily obtained from the diet.
D) may not be required under certain conditions.

Question 16

Infectious diseases are the leading causes of death in America.

Question 17

A poor diet is part of the cause of chronic degenerative diseases.

Question 18

A nutrient that is normally nonessential but becomes essential under certain conditions is called

A) an essential nutrient.
B) a nonessential nutrient.
C) a conditionally essential nutrient.
D) a phytochemical.

Question 19

The higher the caloric content of a food, the less ATP can be produced from it.

Question 20

Dietary fiber is a _____ important for maintaining the health of the digestive system.

A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) lipid
D) fat

Question 21

A hypothesis is

A) a complicated equation dividing two variables.
B) a prediction about the relationship between variables.
C) a list of variables to be studied.
D) a series of steps used by scientists to explain observations.

Question 22

The basic molecular structure of proteins differs from that of carbohydrates and lipids because, along with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, protein molecules also contain

A) nitrogen.
B) calcium.
C) sodium.
D) magnesium.

Question 23

Water is essential for human well-being because

A) it serves as a solvent for chemical reactions within cells.
B) it enables nutrient transport around the body.
C) it helps to maintain body temperature.
D) All of the above

Question 24

The scientific method consists of the following three basic steps:

A) making an observation, proposing a hypothesis, and collecting data.
B) making an observation, collecting data, and analyzing results.
C) proposing a hypothesis, analyzing results, and proposing a new hypothesis.
D) proposing an observation, making a hypothesis, and collecting results.

Question 25

At times, control subjects may experience an apparent effect of the study treatment even though they did not receive any treatment. This phenomenon is called

A) the placebo effect.
B) a biased outcome.
C) the control effect.
D) a blinded outcome.

Question 26

A study performed on a group of people who are not asked to change their behaviors in any way is best described as

A) an intervention study.
B) an epidemiologic study.
C) a randomized, controlled study.
D) a double-blind study.

Question 27

The main source of energy for cells under normal conditions is

A) glucose.
B) protein.
C) lipids.
D) vitamins.

Question 28

In an intervention study, the control group consists of

A) study participants who did not receive the study treatment or intervention.
B) study participants who have been asked to control their food intake.
C) study participants who received the study treatment or intervention.
D) study participants who will be included in a follow-up study.

Question 29

Carbohydrates and proteins provide _____ calories per gram, while lipids provide _____ calories per gram.

A) 4, 4
B) 4, 7
C) 4, 9
D) 9, 4

Question 30

An experiment in which the participants do not know whether they are receiving the treatment or placebo but the scientists do is called a

A) disorganized study.
B) double-blind study.
C) single-blind study.
D) cause and effect study.

Question 31

The science of nutrition involves understanding how

A) living organisms obtain and use food to support processes required for existence.
B) nutrients are utilized for energy or regulation of important chemical processes.
C) nutrient needs change as we age.
D) All of the above

Question 32

Cellular energy is stored in the form of

A) adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
B) glucose.
C) vitamins.
D) minerals.

Question 33

One of the main functions of lipids in the human body is

A) energy production.
B) bone development and structure.
C) muscular strength and development.
D) None of the above

Question 34

The macronutrient class that is important for structural aspects of the body (such as muscle and bone) and also helps to maintain the immune system is

A) carbohydrate.
B) protein.
C) lipid.
D) fat.

Question 35

Grains, cereals, and fruits are good food sources of

A) proteins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) lipids.
D) fats.

Question 36

Vitamins are classified according to

A) their solubility in water.
B) their alphabetical names.
C) the amounts required to sustain life.

Question 37

Babies require 4 essential dietary lipids to support growth and development, whereas older children and adults require only 2 essential dietary lipids. The lipids required in babies are examples of

A) conditionally essential nutrients.
B) nonessential nutrients.
C) unclassified nutrients.
D) phytochemicals.

Question 38

Morbidity rate is defined as

A) the number of deaths that occur in a population during a certain time period.
B) the number of infant deaths that occur within a given year.
C) the number of illnesses or diseases that occur in a population during a certain period of time.
D) the number of illnesses or diseases that occur in people over 65 years old during a certain period of time.

Question 39

A calorie is

A) a unit of measure used to express the amount of energy in a food.
B) a number assigned to a food based on the number of ingredients in that food.
C) a marker of the glucose content of foods.
D) an indicator of how vitamin-rich a food is.

Question 40

A relationship where one variable is directly altered by another is called

A) an intervention.
B) a cause-and-effect relationship.
C) a correlation.
D) an epidemiological relationship.

Question 41

If an investigator designs an intervention study with a control group, that group will receive a _____ instead of the study treatment.

A) panacea
B) placebo
C) half-dose
D) None of the above

Question 42

An investigator wanted to determine the effect of egg consumption on cholesterol levels. She asked subjects to consume 3 eggs per day for three weeks and tested their cholesterol levels before and after the 3 weeks. This type of study is an _____ study and should also include a _____ group.

A) epidemiologic, control
B) epidemiologic, blinded
C) intervention, random
D) intervention, control

Question 43

"Where was the study published?" is one of the questions that can be helpful in determining if a nutrition claim is hearsay or has a scientific basis. What type of publication is likely to be the most reliable source of nutrition information?

A) A local newspaper
B) A blog written by a food writer
C) A fitness publication
D) A peer-reviewed journal

Question 44

Compared with non-infectious diseases, infectious diseases

A) are longer in duration.
B) are less likely to be curable.
C) are caused by pathogens.
D) are not contagious.

Question 45

The relationship between the time children go to bed and the time the sun goes down is best described as

A) an intervention.
B) a cause-and-effect relationship.
C) a correlation.
D) an epidemiological relationship.

Question 46

Energy-yielding nutrients are all

A) zoonutrients.
B) phytonutrients.
C) micronutrients.
D) macronutrients.

Question 47

Chronic degenerative diseases are characterized by all of the following except:

A) They are non-infectious.
B) They develop quickly.
C) They cause tissues to breakdown over time.
D) They result in loss of tissue function over time.

Question 48

Which of the following is true concerning trends in infant mortality rate and life expectancy in the United States over the past century?

A) Infant mortality rates have decreased and life expectancy has increased.
B) Infant mortality rates have increased and life expectancy has decreased.
C) Infant mortality rates have decreased and life expectancy has decreased.
D) Infant mortality rates have increased and life expectancy has increased.

Question 49

An important aspect of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is that subjects

A) must receive both treatment and placebo.
B) must be blinded as to whether they are in the treatment or placebo group.
C) must be assigned to the treatment or control group by the investigator.
D) must be aware of whether they are receiving the treatment or placebo.

Question 50

Energy may be defined as

A) the capacity to do work.
B) kilocalories.
C) a cellular product stored within ATP.
D) All of the above

Question 51

If someone wants to know how many people have died in a certain population during a specific time period, he or she would ask about the

A) mortality rate.
B) morbidity rate.
C) life expectancy.
D) life span.

Question 52

As a society develops into a more industrialized economy, the accompanying shift from under-nutrition to over-nutrition is referred to as the

A) French paradox.
B) nutrition transition.
C) nutrition conundrum.
D) industrialization of nutrition.

Question 53

Meats and beans are good food sources of

A) fats.
B) lipids.
C) proteins.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 54

If a slice of bread contains 15 grams of carbohydrates, 3 grams of protein, and 1 gram of lipids, how many calories does it provide?

A) 96
B) 76
C) 81
D) 171

Question 55

The gold standard study design for intervention studies is called

A) a random study.
B) a single-blind study.
C) a randomized, single-blind, uncontrolled study.
D) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.