Deck 8: Development

Question 1

How many chromosomes does the one-celled zygote receive from each parent?

A) 23
B) 46
C) 1
D) 55

Answer 1

23

Question 2

Which of the following deals with the issues of how traits change through the lifespan?

A) To what degree do heredity and environmentfluence development?
B) Is it ethical to compare the development of humans and animals?
C) Is development continuous or does it occur stages?
D) To what extent are personal characteristics stable over time?

Answer 2

To what extent are personal characteristics stable over time?

Question 3

A recessive gene is

A) expressed if it is paired with another recessive gene
B) rarely passed on to offspring.
C) expressed regardless of whether it is paired with a recessive or a dominant gene.
D) expressed only if it is paired with a dominant gene.

Answer 3

expressed if it is paired with another recessive gene

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct statement?

A) All eggs are X and all sperm are Y.
B) Half of both the eggs and sperm are X and half Y.
C) Half of the eggs are X and half are Y.
D) Half of the sperm are X and half are Y

Question 5

Which of the following is not accuratae?

A) autosomics.
B) embryonics.
C) genomics
D) polygenics.

Question 6

As part of a large research study examining many people, David, now 24 years old, has been weighed, measured, observed and tested every two years since he was born. The study in which he is participating would be described as

A) a longitudinal study
B) a cross-sectional study.
C) a cross-sequential study.
D) a case study.

Question 7

________ are segments of DNA located on rod-shaped structures called ________ and found in the nuclei of the body cells.

A) Chromosomes; genes
B) Nuclei; chromosomes
C) Nuclei; genes
D) Genes; chromosomes

Question 8

If the same group of subjects is followed and measured at different ages, the study would be described as

A) a longitudinal study
B) a case study.
C) a cross-sequential study.
D) a cross-sectional study.

Question 9

Twenty-two pairs of chromosomes are called ________ and the twenty-third pair is called ________.

A) complete; partial
B) X; Y
C) autosomes; sex chromosomes
D) sex chromosomes; autosomes

Question 10

Genes which determine one's sex and primary and secondary sex characteristics are carried on the

A) 23rd pair of chromosomes
B) autosomes.
C) first pair of chromosomes.
D) Twenty-first pair of chromosomes.

Question 11

The biochemical instructions that direct the transmission of all our hereditary traits enable cells to perform specific functions in the human body are provided by

A) zygotes.
B) sperm or ova.
C) genes
D) gametes.

Question 12

Researchers announce in a local paper that they are seeking subjects aged 4, 8, 12 and 16 to participate in a study for several days. Which type of study were the researchers conducting?

A) A case study
B) A cross-sectional study
C) A longitudinal study
D) A cross-sequential study

Question 13

The issue of whether heredity or environment is more important in development relates to

A) a historical view of development where environment was important the past, but now heredity is recognized as the leadingfluence.
B) the nature/nurture controversy
C) the question of whether development happens stages or continuously.
D) the extent of personal characteristics being stable over time.

Question 14

Which of the following deals with the issues of whether or not developmental changes result in qualitative differences from one time to another?

A) To what extent are personal characteristics stable over time?
B) Is it ethical to compare the development of humans and animals?
C) Is development continuous or does it occur stages?
D) To what degree do heredity and environmentfluence development?

Question 15

If researchers compare different groups of subjects of different ages on various characteristics, the study would be described as

A) a cross-sectional study
B) a cross-sequential study.
C) a case study.
D) a longitudinal study.

Question 16

The chromosome pattern of females is

A) YX.
B) XX
C) XY.
D) either XY or YY.

Question 17

In humans, genes are located on how many pairs of chromosomes?

A) 44
B) 23
C) 22
D) 46

Question 18

If a person inherits a gene for blonde hair and a gene for brown hair, the person will have brown hair. Therefore, the gene for brown hair is

A) If your mother and father had brown hair, you will have brown hair
B) The gene for brown hair is dominant over the gene for blonde hair.
C) If you have one gene for brown hair, and one for blonde hair, your hair will be brown.
D) If you have two genes for blonde hair, your hair will be blonde.

Question 19

The chromosome pattern of males is

A) XY
B) XX.
C) YY.
D) either XY or YY.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the three controversial issues described in the text that developmental psychologists must consider?

A) Is development continuous or does it occur stages?
B) Is it ethical to compare the development of humans and animals?
C) To what extent are personal characteristics stable over time?
D) To what degree do heredity and environmentfluence development?

Question 21

The period when major systems, organs and structures are formed is called the period of the

A) ovum.
B) fetus.
C) embryo
D) zygote.

Question 22

Which of the following is not true about identical twins?

A) The twins are genetically identical.
B) The twins develop when two eggs are released during ovulation
C) They are always the same sex.
D) They are also called monozygotic twins.

Question 23

In the 1960s, women who took thalidomide during the fifth to eighth week of pregnancy often gave birth to children with malformed or absent limbs. This can be explained by the concept of

A) cephalocaudal development.
B) proximodistal development.
C) the critical period
D) the sensitive period.

Question 24

The period of the fetus begins when

A) the major structures of the body form.
B) the developing organism attaches itself to the uterine wall.
C) internal organs begin to function.
D) bone cells begin to form

Question 25

For the first two weeks after conception, the human organism is called the

A) neonate.
B) fetus.
C) embryo.
D) zygote

Question 26

A dominant gene will not be expressed if the individual carries

A) two dominant genes for the trait.
B) two recessive genes for the trait
C) one dominant gene and one recessive gene for the trait.
D) either one or two dominant genes for the trait.

Question 27

Harmful factors in the prenatal environment that can damage the developing organism and interfere with normal development are called

A) teratogens
B) fetal poisons.
C) analgesics.
D) toxins.

Question 28

Which of the following is not true about fraternal twins?

A) The twins develop when two different sperm fertilize two eggs that are released at the same time during ovulation.
B) They are no more alike genetically than ordinary brothers and sisters.
C) They are always the same sex
D) They are also called dizygotic twins.

Question 29

From the moment the zygote becomes implanted in the uterine wall and for the next six weeks, the human organism is known as

A) a placenta.
B) an embryo
C) a fetus.
D) an ovum.

Question 30

The developing human organism is known as the fetus from

A) the moment of conception to birth.
B) the end of the second month to birth
C) the moment of conception to about the fourth month.
D) the second to the seventh month.

Question 31

Fraternal twins form when

A) a sperm splits half and fertilizes two eggs that have been released at the same time.
B) a single egg that is fertilized by two different sperm splits half and developsto two fetuses.
C) two eggs are released at once and fertilized by two different sperm
D) a single egg, fertilized by a sperm, splits half and developsto two fetuses.

Question 32

In the weeks just prior to becoming a fetus, an organism is called

A) a gamete.
B) an embryo
C) a zygote.
D) a neonate.

Question 33

The rate of multiple births has increased dramatically because

A) there has been a great decrease the amount of teratogensgested by mothers.
B) improved health care for neonatescreases the likelihood of survival of multiples.
C) of dietary changes western food consumption.
D) of greater access and use of fertility procedures

Question 34

The period of the embryo ends when

A) the developing organism attaches itself to the uterine wall.
B) bone cells begin to form
C) the major structures of the body are ready to form.
D) all of theternal organs are functioning.

Question 35

All of the following are identified in the textbook as negative influences on prenatal development except

A) certain prescription and nonprescription drugs.
B) maternalfections and illnesses.
C) maternalactivity
D) poor maternal nutrition.

Question 36

Negative influences such as drugs, illness and environmental hazards cause the most devastating consequences during the

A) second and third trimester.
B) second trimester.
C) third trimester.
D) first trimester

Question 37

Which of the following is not a stage of prenatal development?

A) The period of the neonate
B) The period of the zygote
C) The period of the fetus
D) The period of the embryo

Question 38

The zygote is not yet an embryo. Therefore, no more than ________ days have elapsed since conception took place.

A) 14
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Question 39

Which of the following is the term for the developing human organism during the six-week period after the zygote becomes implanted in wall of the uterus?

A) Embryo
B) Ovum
C) Fetus
D) Neonate

Question 40

The period of the embryo can be characterized as

A) involving rapid growth and further development of body structures and systems.
B) the first half of prenatal development.
C) the first two weeks of life.
D) involving the formation of the major systems, organs, and structures of the body

Question 41

Physical abnormalities are most likely to result when there are harmful agents in the prenatal environment during

A) the second trimester.
B) any trimester.
C) the first trimester
D) the third trimester.

Question 42

According to the text, the built-in responses to certain stimuli that are needed to ensure the survival of newborns are known as

A) reflexes
B) schemas.
C) habits.
Dstincts.

Question 43

Consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy increases the chances of all of the following except having a baby that is

A) lowertelligence.
B) smaller than usual.
C) born with cerebral palsy
D) born with facial, organ or limb abnormalities.

Question 44

Jane's baby is quite small, has abnormal facial features and some organ damage, and is believed to be mentally retarded. During pregnancy, Jane most likely

A) drank alcohol heavily
B) smoked heavily.
C) drank large quantities of caffeinated coffee daily.
D) contracted rubella, or German measles, her second trimester.

Question 45

What is the main concern about taking drugs (prescription and non-prescription) during pregnancy?

A) A dependency will form because of the hormonal changes during pregnancy.
B) We do not know whether any of the various drugs will hurt the embryo or fetus.
C) The drugs are so expensive that heavy need to use them will cause economic problems for the parents.
D) Many of them cross the placental barrier and directly affect the embryo or fetus

Question 46

Marda, a nine-year-old girl, has moved and changed schools due to her parents' recent divorce. Should ________ occur for Marda, recent research would suggest that it might be related to the increased stress she had experienced.

A) late onset of menopause
B) early onset of menopause
C) early onset of menarche
D) late onset of menarche

Question 47

Infants possess a number of simple reflexes at birth, including all except which of the following?

A) Sucking on a nipple placed the mouth
B) Turning the head the direction of a touch on the cheek
C) Reaching for a visible object placed near the face
D) Blinking and coughing

Question 48

Teratogens during the second trimester are least likely to cause

A) social impairments.
B) eithertellectual or social impairments.
C) physical abnormalities
Dtellectual impairments.

Question 49

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with all of the following except

A) mental retardation
B) infant mortality and suddenfant death syndrome.
C) prematurity or low birth weight.
D) miscarriages and stillbirths.

Question 50

Which of the following explains the importance of reflexes?

A) Reflexes are merely remnants of our evolutionary past and have little importance.
B) Reflexes govern all our behaviour.
C) Reflexes provide ready-made behaviours that ensure the survival of newborns
D) Reflexes exist due to learned behaviours, and thus theydicate how well our learning mechanisms are working.

Question 51

Which of the following would be least likely to increase the chance of having a low birth weight baby?

A) Maternal stress
B) Poor maternal nutrition
C) Smoking
D) Poor prenatal care

Question 52

The neonate's built-in responses like sucking, blinking and grasping are called

A) habits.
B) sensory capacities.
C) neonatal skills.
D) reflexes

Question 53

Compared to a newborn, the number of reflexes you possess is

A) smaller
B) much larger.
C) the same.
D) slightly larger.

Question 54

Adolescence is defined as beginning

A) at age 13.
B) at age 12.
C) at the onset of puberty
D) when children reach the stage of formal operational thinking.

Question 55

The major landmark for females at the onset of puberty is known as

A) menopause.
B) accommodation.
C) menarche
D) centration.

Question 56

Which of the following occurs last?

A) The child kicks a ball forward
B) The child walks, holding on.
C) The child sits without support.
D) The child stands alone.

Question 57

Prenatal malnutrition can negatively affect development of the embryo and the fetus; it can have particularly harmful effects on brain development during the

A) conception
B) first trimester
C) second trimester
D) final trimester

Question 58

The period of adolescence

A) lasts the same length of time various cultures.
B) is shorter the United States than virtually any other culture.
C) begins with the onset of puberty and ends with entryto adulthood
D) is a more useful term for non-Western cultures.

Question 59

Another term for a newborn child is

A) neonate
B) embryo.
C) fetus.
D) toddler.

Question 60

According to the text, shortly after birth, infants prefer

A) their father's voice over an unfamiliar male voice.
B) their mother's voice over an unfamiliar female voice
C) their father's voice over their mother's voice.
D) their mother's voice over soothing music.

Question 61

Menopause occurs when women are approximately ________ years old and results in the ________.

A) 40; cessation of menstruation
B) 50; cessation of menstruation
C) 50; end of sexual desire
D) 40; loss of sexual desire

Question 62

The onset of menarche is/occurs at

A) an average age of 10 years.
B) no sooner than 13 years old.
C) an average age of 12 years
D) no later than 11 years old.

Question 63

The secondary sex characteristics

A) are directlyvolved reproduction.
B) influence sexual identity.
C) occur at about the same time all adolescents.
D) distinguish mature males from mature females

Question 64

Which of the following refers to a period of rapid growth that culminates in sexual maturation?

A) Puberty
B) Adolescence
C) Childhood
D) Adulthood

Question 65

In the sequence of changes that take place during puberty, the first change in girls and boys is usually

A) a spurt growth
B) growth of underarm hair.
C) the appearance of pubic hair.
D) enlargement of breasts and testes.

Question 66

Which of the following responses best describes the sensory ability of the newborn?

A) All of the newborn's senses are functional at birth
B) The neonate does not yet have preference for certain tastes or sounds.
C) All of the newborn's senses are fully developed at birth.
D) None of the newborn's senses are functional at birth.

Question 67

Which of the following statements is not true of the adolescent growth spurt?

A) It marks the end of puberty
B) It is a period of rapid physical growth.
C) It peaks boys at about age 14.
D) It peaks girls at about age 12.

Question 68

Which of the following statements about infant sensory development is not true?

A) infants can show preferences what they want to look at, hear, taste and smell shortly after birth.
B) Vision, hearing, taste, and smell are all functional at birth.
C) Vision, hearing, taste and smell are all fully developed at birth
D) Hearing is better developed at birth than vision.

Question 69

At what age do children first have preferences for certain odours, tastes and sounds?

A) At 6 months
B) At birth
C) At 4 months
D) At 2 months

Question 70

Which of the following colours is not one of the top four preferred by a three-month-old infant?

A) Purple
B) Blue
C) Red
D) Green

Question 71

Which of the following do middle-aged and older people generally not experience?

A) increasingly impaired night vision
B) Becoming more farsighted
C) Decreasedtellect
D) Hearing loss the higher frequencies

Question 72

Researchers have found that newborns can

A) perceive depth.
B) follow a slowly moving object with their eyes
C) distinguish colours.
D) focus best on distant objects.

Question 73

Newborns are not able to

A) distinguish most colours
B) follow a slowly moving object with their eyes.
C) distinguish their mother's face from that of unfamiliar females.
D) show a preference for looking at human faces.

Question 74

Whiskers, breasts and underarm hair are all

A) primary sexual characteristics.
B) sexual markers.
C) gender symbols.
D) secondary sex characteristics

Question 75

Puberty is defined by

A) physiological changes
B) psychological changes.
C) cultural standards.
D) behavioural symptoms.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is not true of the secondary sex characteristics?

A) Theyclude pubic and underarm hair both sexes, breasts females, and chest hair and deepened voice males.
B) They are directlyvolved reproduction
C) They develop at puberty.
D) They are associated with sexual maturity.

Question 77

The visual cliff apparatus is used to study

A) form perception.
B) depth perception
C) colour perception.
Dfant fears.

Question 78

For the majority of women, menopause

A) involves much physical discomfort.
B) is the most stressful experience of their lives.
C) signals the end of being a sexually active woman.
D) is less stressful than anticipated

Question 79

Which of the following is not a secondary sex characteristic that develops in the male?

A) The voice deepens
B) Axillary hair appears.
C) Facial hair appears.
D) Males grow to a taller height than females

Question 80

Men experience a gradual decline in their testosterone levels from

A) birth.
B) about age 20
C) their middle years.
D) age 60 onward.