Deck 10: Children With Communication Disorders  

Question 1

Which statement about phonological disorders is correct?

A) They are often confused with normal developmental differences.
B) They tend to last for only a brief time.
C) They occur mainly from six months to one year of age.
D) They always include some sound deletions.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Language disorders are important to a child's development because they

A) are related to problems with academic achievement over the school career.
B) indicate a pervasive brain dysfunction that affects many cognitive domains.
C) are extremely resistant to treatment.
D) are often the first manifestation of other disabilities.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The physical action of orally producing words through the complex interaction of respiration, phonation, and articulation is known as

A) speech.
B) language.
C) communication.
D) conversation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The child's use of spoken language is expressive language; his/her understanding of spoken language is

A) reading comprehension.
B) comprehended language.
C) receptive language.
D) speech reception.

Question 5

The part of language that is related to meaning is called

A) pragmatics.
B) semantics.
C) communication.
D) phonology.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of nonverbal communication?

A) Your dog scratches at the door to be let out.
B) Two friends glance at each other and smile.
C) A couple uses sign language on the subway.
D) A child with autism screams rather than coming into the classroom.

Question 7

An exchange of ideas information, thoughts, and feelings is

A) language.
B) speech.
C) expression.
D) communication.

Question 8

It is thought that social interactions involving imitative vocal play and turn-taking, along with cognitive development in the area of memory span, help a child to

A) discriminate among the different children and adults in the environment.
B) discriminate between consonant and vowel sounds.
C) develop from babbling to speech.
D) develop fine motor skills.

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics best describes students with language impairment?

A) Most of these students have normal sensory and motor functions.
B) Most of these students have below average intellectual potential.
C) The primary condition of these students involves a combination of several disabilities.
D) The difficulties these students have are consistent throughout their schooling.

Question 10

Students without a communication system may

A) seek out social contact with others.
B) "act out" their communication and be considered a behavior problem.
C) benefit from reciprocal speech.
D) try to communicate through writing.

Question 11

Interruptions in the flow of speaking are referred to as

A) fluency disorders.
B) phonological disorders.
C) dialectical disorders.
D) voice disorders.

Question 12

Speech disorders can consist of all of the following EXCEPT

A) phonological (or articulation) impairments.
B) fluency impairments.
C) auditory impairments.
D) voice impairments.

Question 13

The form-and-structure component of language that is governed by rules is

A) pragmatics.
B) semantics.
C) grammar.
D) deep meaning.

Question 14

Which of the following strategies is NOT recommended for children who are beginning to stutter?

A) Slow your own rate of speech.
B) Instruct the child to slow down, think before speaking, or just say it.
C) Avoid soothing touches or comments meant to convey your concern for the child's difficulties.
D) Reduce the pressure to communicate.

Question 15

Disorders in pitch and loudness fall into which of the following categories?

A) Language disorders
B) Voice disorders
C) Fluency disorders
D) Neurological disorders

Question 16

The English language uses approximately how many phonemes?

A) 40-45.
B) 26-30.
C) 50-54.
D) An infinite number.

Question 17

Which statement about stuttering is incorrect?

A) Stuttering typically begins in the preschool to early elementary years.
B) Referral to a speech-language pathologist is necessary for proper diagnosis.
C) Stuttering is characterized by brief but subtle malfunctioning of the laryngeal muscles.
D) Children are conditioned to stutter because of stress in their environment.

Question 18

Which component of language governs how a word's meaning may be changed by adding prefixes and suffixes, how tense is determined, and how plurality is indicated?

A) Phonological
B) Morphological
C) Syntactic
D) Allegorical

Question 19

Which statement about dialect differences is correct?

A) They are considered language disorders.
B) They are related only to geographical location.
C) They tend to appear in non-spoken forms such as writing and reading.
D) They reflect variations of the symbol system we use to communicate.

Question 20

The term "specific language impairment" refers to

A) impairment of a specific component of language: phonologic, morphologic, semantic, syntactic, or pragmatic.
B) a language impairment that is associated with some other disability.
C) a disability that often presents itself as intellectual disabilities later in the school career, as problems with reading and writing become more apparent.
D) difficulty in learning and using language that cannot be attributed to another cause.

Question 21

When a speech-language pathologist provides in-classroom services, his or her major functions are to work with the classroom teacher to make necessary modifications and to

A) work closely with family members to reinforce newly learned skills.
B) engage the classroom teacher as a partner in intervention.
C) evaluate all children in the classroom for potential speech problems.
D) help the classroom teacher focus on English language acquisition.

Question 22

Examples of AAC are

A) communication aids; such as charts, bracelets, and language boards.
B) electronic devices that can speak in response to entries on a keyboard or other methods of input.
C) the use of specialized gestures, sign language, or Morse code.
D) All of the above.

Question 23

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) refers to

A) ways (other than speech) that are used to send a message from one person to another.
B) computer-assisted communication.
C) sign language and fingerspelling.
D) facial expressions, gestures, and writing.

Question 24

The child with language delay

A) may have greater difficulties understanding what is being said.
B) may have greater difficulties describing events, having conversations, and articulating sounds.
C) may be less likely to use meaningful gestures for communicating.
D) All of the above.

Question 25

Collaboration between the speech-language pathologist and the classroom teacher requires

A) the willingness to cross disciplinary boundaries.
B) acknowledgement of expertise in both professionals.
C) a mutual commitment to integrating language into the curriculum.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

The guided process that an adult or peer uses as a way of doing for the student what the student cannot yet do alone is called

A) decoding.
B) scaffolding.
C) language enhancement.
D) cross-age communication facilitation.

Question 27

Students with speech and language impairments

A) make up the largest group receiving special education services.
B) are the smallest group receiving special education services.
C) make up the second-largest group receiving special education services.
D) are very difficult to identify in the schools.

Question 28

The method of assessment that is based on the idea that the child's environment influences how he/she communicates is

A) environmental inventory.
B) curriculum-based assessment.
C) informal assessment.
D) ecological assessment.

Question 29

Classroom discourse refers to

A) the normal language routines of the classroom.
B) the amount of "teacher talk" in the classroom.
C) the opportunities students are given to speak in the classroom.
D) the amount of writing that students do in the classroom.

Question 30

Which statement about phonological awareness is incorrect?

A) It is an aspect of metacognition.
B) It is the best predictor for kindergartners of learning to read in first grade.
C) It is the ability to recognize the sounds contained in words.
D) It is an indication that a child has a learning disability.

Question 31

Speech-language pathologists engage in all of the following activities EXCEPT

A) determine what might have caused the problem.
B) clarify the problem for the student and family.
C) conduct the psychological and medical diagnoses.
D) treat children with language impairments.

Question 32

The advantage of a language sample for the teacher is

A) results can be used to compare the student's language to that of other students.
B) it provides a snapshot of the student's current language use and needs.
C) scores can be reported to the student's family.
D) it is used to determine a student's eligibility for speech and language services.

Question 33

Identifying students from language-minority backgrounds with a speech or language disorder is a complex task that requires

A) results of standardized communication assessment in English.
B) samples of the student's oral English.
C) assessment by a bilingual professional to determine whether the problem exists in the child's first language.
D) a thorough review of the student's achievement test scores.

Question 34

It is important for teachers to be aware of the dialects used in their students' communities so they can

A) teach the students to avoid use of dialect.
B) refer students who use dialect to speech-language pathologists.
C) help parents understand the value of Standard English.
D) distinguish between a difference and a disability.

Question 35

Which of the following assessment practices is NOT an approach used by speech-language pathologists?

A) Parent/staff/student interviews
B) Checklists and developmental scales
C) Cognitive abilities tests
D) Portfolio assessment

Question 36

Which of the following statements about phonological awareness is true?

A) As phonological awareness becomes automatic, students depend less on comprehension strategies such as guessing meaning from context.
B) Attention to phonemic segmentation and blending of words increases as phonological awareness of sound-letter correspondence becomes automatic.
C) Explicit, sequential instruction in phonological awareness may prevent reading failure in many students.
D) Phonological awareness comes naturally to most students and does not need to be explicitly taught.

Question 37

Language delay

A) usually means the child will not develop language.
B) refers to delayed development in all areas of language.
C) is a term that is seldom used.
D) is commonly seen in high school students.

Question 38

What is a language impairment and how can it affect a student's school performance?

Question 39

Which of the following statements about identification of children with communication disorders is NOT true?

A) Determining the cause of the disorder is a key component of the assessment because it simplifies planning for meaningful interventions.
B) Factors such as the language demands of the classroom may contribute to the maintenance of the speech or language problem.
C) Identification of students at risk for a communication disorder is based on standardized grade-level screening tests or on referral by general education teachers.
D) Identification and assessment of children with communication disorders is an ongoing process that may change with the continuous monitoring of progress.

Question 40

Describe instructional discourse strategies and discuss how they are used in classrooms.

Question 41

Describe the challenges involved in determining whether a child from a language-minority background has a communication disorder.

Question 42

Define standardized assessment and ecological assessment and contrast the usefulness of the two forms of assessment for determining language competence.

Question 43

Why is inclusion in a general education classroom a good alternative for a student with a language impairment?

Question 44

What is a language sample, and what are the advantages of using a language sample with a student with a language problem?