Deck 8: Adolescence

Question 1

According to the text,how many sperm are in the typical ejaculation?

A)10,000 to 20,000
B)500,000 to 2 million
C)100 million to 300 million
D)800 million to 1 billion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

With respect to pubertal development,the most important estrogen is _________ and the most important androgen is _______.

A)dopamine; serotonin
B)estradiol; testosterone
C)cortisol; relaxin
D)thalamus; hypothalamus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Your 15-year-old son has been what he says is "hormonal." He realizes that his emotions and feelings can be quite variable during this time of his life.What is the major difference in his hormone levels now than they were before puberty? His levels of testosterone are about:

A)8 times higher than before puberty.
B)12 times higher than before puberty.
C)16 times higher than before puberty.
D)20 times higher than before puberty.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Your daughter is 9-years-old and you have been talking about the changes that she will soon be experiencing.One of the topics that you are discussing is what happens during menstruation and what she can expect.You tell her that the first menstrual period has a special name.What is it?

A)spermarche
B)menarche
C)menstruational primacy
D)ovulation

Question 5

What is a male's first ejaculation referred to as?

A)menarche
B)spermarche
C)wet dream
D)hot flash

Question 6

By the mid-teens,testosterone production in males is how many times greater than it was before puberty?

A)8
B)12
C)16
D)20

Question 7

Ova,or female eggs,and male sperm are considered ____.

A)primary sexual characteristics
B)secondary sexual characteristics
C)tertiary sexual characteristics
D)gender determining characteristics

Question 8

Which of the following are two classes of sex hormones?

A)thalamus and hypothalamus
B)estrogens and androgens
C)dopamine and serotonin
D)cortisol and relaxin

Question 9

The word puberty is derived from the Latin word pubescere,which means to grow ____.

A)older
B)more mature
C)hairy
D)adult-like

Question 10

By the mid-teens,estradiol production in females is how many times greater than it was before puberty?

A)8
B)12
C)16
D)20

Question 11

With regard to pubertal development for females,what is the most important estrogen?

A)testosterone
B)estradiol
C)estriol
D)androgen

Question 12

Your little sister,who is 13,has a bust that is visibly increasing.What type of sex characteristic describes this change?

A)primary sex characteristics
B)secondary sex characteristics
C)tertiary sex characteristics
D)quarternary sex characteristics

Question 13

____ describes a female's first menstruation,whereas ____ describes a male's first ejaculation of sperm.

A)Menarche; spermarche
B)Spermarche; menarche
C)Primary menstruation; foremost ejaculation
D)Foremost menstruation; primary ejaculation

Question 14

Pubertal changes begin when a threshold of ____.

A)body fat is reached
B)a specific age is reached
C)specific height is reached
D)after the rites of passage have occurred

Question 15

The site of chemical events triggering puberty,the hypothalamus is ____.

A)a bean-sized structure located in the lower part of the brain
B)an area of the cerebral cortex that is located at the anterior end
C)a region of the brain that is located toward the lower-back of the skull
D)a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 16

Females are born with all of the ova that they will ever have.According to the text,how many eggs does the average female have at puberty?

A)20,000
B)40,000
C)60,000
D)80,000

Question 17

How many ova are released during the course of a woman's reproductive life?

A)100
B)200
C)400
D)600

Question 18

With regard to pubertal development for males,what is the most important androgen?

A)testosterone
B)estradiol
C)androsterone
D)estrogen

Question 19

Two kinds of changes take place in the body in response to increased sex hormones during puberty.What characteristic is directly related to reproduction?

A)primary sex characteristics
B)secondary sex characteristics
C)tertiary sex characteristics
D)quarternary sex characteristics

Question 20

You overheard your little sister and her best friend,who are both 8 years old,discussing what they thought about puberty and when they thought those changes would begin for them.Your sister is thin and her friend is considerably heavier.What is likely to occur in terms of the beginning of puberty for them?

A)They will both begin puberty at the same time.
B)Your sister,being thinner,is likely to begin puberty earlier.
C)Your sister's friend,having more body fat,is likely to begin puberty earlier.
D)They are not likely to be talking about puberty at this age.

Question 21

Between the ages of 12 and 20,what percentage of the average brain's volume is lost through synaptic pruning?

A)1-2%
B)7-10%
C)15-20%
D)21-24%

Question 22

Which of the following is the last structure of the brain to stop growing and when?

A)pre-frontal cortex; late teens
B)frontal cortex; mid-twenties
C)cerebellum; late teens
D)cerebellum; mid-twenties

Question 23

In every Western country for which records exist,there has been a downward trend in the age of menarche.This trend is known as the ____.

A)secular trend
B)lowering trend
C)early onset trend
D)sooner trend

Question 24

What is the term that is used to describe the downward trend in the age of menarche?

A)obesity trend
B)secular trend
C)pubertal trend
D)secondary sex characteristic trend

Question 25

What area of the brain is associated with the overproduction of synaptic connections during puberty?

A)temporal lobes
B)frontal lobes
C)parietal lobes
D)occipital lobes

Question 26

In Kenya,boys show the first physical changes of puberty _______ their female peers,which is ____ the Western pattern.

A)after; similar to
B)before; similar to
C)after; the reversal of
D)before; the reversal of

Question 27

During adolescence,neurological overproduction or exuberance occurs throughout the brain; however,it is especially pronounced in the ____.

A)frontal lobes
B)occipital lobe
C)primary motor cortex
D)hypothalamus

Question 28

Ellie is an eight-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in a large metropolitan area.If one were to compare Ellie to her mother,grandmother,and great-grandmother in regards to the onset of puberty,one would predict that Ellie will experience puberty ____ others did in her family lineage.

A)younger than
B)older than
C)later than
D)similar to when

Question 29

What is the last structure of the brain to complete its growth process?

A)cortex
B)cerebellum
C)hypothalamus
D)frontal lobes

Question 30

____ is a blanket of fat wrapped around the main part of the neuron that keeps the brain's electrical signals on one path and increases their speed.

A)Myelin
B)The hippocampus
C)Acetylcholine
D)Microtubule

Question 31

Your niece is a very intelligent person and is excelling in high school.In fact,it seems that she continues to get more intelligent,and she is especially excelling at biology,which she became interested in during middle school.What is happening to your niece,neurologically speaking?

A)overproduction
B)synaptic pruning
C)myelination
D)exuberance

Question 32

What area of the brain is associated with planning,problem solving,and moral reasoning?

A)frontal lobes
B)parietal lobes
C)temporal lobes
D)occipital lobes

Question 33

At age 8,what percentage of African American girls has begun to develop breasts or pubic hair or both?

A)20%
B)35%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 34

On average,when do girls begin puberty compared to boys?

A)at the same time as boys
B)two years later than boys
C)two years earlier than boys
D)four years earlier than boys

Question 35

At what age is the brain approximately 95% of its adult size?

A)6 years old
B)12 years old
C)15 years old
D)18 years old

Question 36

Pubic hair and genital development began earlier for ____ boys than ____ boys.

A)White; African American
B)African American; White
C)Asian American; Hispanic American
D)Hispanic American; Asian American

Question 37

____ describes a steady decrease in the average age of menarche in Western countries over the past 150 years.

A)Secular trend
B)Lowering trend
C)Early onset trend
D)Sooner trend

Question 38

At age 8,nearly 50% of ____ girls have begun to develop breasts,pubic hair,or both,compared with just 15% of ____ girls.

A)African American; White
B)White; African-American
C)Asian American; Hispanic American
D)Hispanic American; Asian American

Question 39

What does the text describe as "a blanket of fat wrapped around the main part of the neuron that serves the function of keeping the brain's electrical signals on one path and increasing their speed"?

A)synapse
B)lipids
C)cortex
D)myelin

Question 40

Considerable increase in synaptic connections occurs around the time puberty begins during a process neuroscientists call ____.

A)overproduction
B)pruning
C)myelination
D)synaptic expansion

Question 41

In traditional cultures,coming-of-age rituals for young men often require them to demonstrate proficiency in warfare,hunting,and fishing because ____.

A)they are required by national law
B)boys cannot perform these tasks
C)men are physically stronger than women
D)daily life often requires these skills

Question 42

____ are formal customs that signify an individual's departure from childhood and his or her entrance into adolescence.

A)Puberty rituals
B)Psycho-cognitive stages
C)History-graded norms
D)Aging confirmations

Question 43

For girls,menarche is the pubertal event that is most often marked by ritual.In many cultures,menarche initiates a monthly ritual related to menstruation that lasts throughout a woman's reproductive life because these cultures believe that menstrual blood is ____.

A)dangerous
B)magical
C)precious
D)medicinal

Question 44

What puberty ritual in many African cultures is still maintained today?

A)whipping
B)public circumcision
C)scaring by burning
D)tattooing

Question 45

Critics have waged an international campaign against ____ and have cited it as a cruel and inhumane practice that has lifelong physiological effects.

A)male vasectomies
B)male circumcision
C)female mastectomies
D)female circumcision

Question 46

Due to globalization,many cultural groups have minimized their use of puberty rituals for boys; however,in Africa the ritual of ____ is still maintained.

A)the farmer
B)the warrior
C)public beatings
D)public circumcision

Question 47

What do critics call female circumcision?

A)barbaric
B)torturous
C)hymen intrusion
D)female genital mutilation

Question 48

A bar or bat mitzvah,the Catholic ritual of confirmation,and the quinciñeara of Latin America are examples of ____.

A)puberty rituals
B)psycho-cognitive stages
C)history-graded norms
D)aging confirmations

Question 49

For girls living in developed countries who have access to proper nutrition and medical care,the average age of menarche can be predicted to occur at ____ years.

A)11
B)11.5
C)12
D)12.5

Question 50

Your 17-year-old son didn't start showing signs of puberty until recently,and still looks like he is 14 years old.What challenges do you face as a parent of a late-maturing male?

A)He is likely to engage in early sexual behavior.
B)He is likely to spend too much time studying.
C)He is likely to be a homebody and prefers to stay at home rather than go out on the weekends.
D)He is likely to have difficulties with alcohol use and delinquency.

Question 51

Your 12-year-old daughter began puberty around age 9; now she is often mistaken for an 18-year-old.What challenges do you face as a parent of an early-maturing female?

A)She is not likely to have boyfriends.
B)She is likely to experience early sexual activity.
C)She is likely to be ostracized due to extraordinary academic success.
D)She is likely to be considered too tall and thin by her classmates.

Question 52

In regards to the timing of the onset of puberty,which of the following is more at risk for a depressed mood,negative body image,eating disorders,substance use,delinquency,aggressive behavior,and school problems?

A)a boy who experiences late-onset puberty
B)a girl who experiences late-onset puberty
C)a boy who experiences early-onset puberty
D)a girl who experiences early-onset puberty

Question 53

Cassie lives in the Appalachian Mountains in a poor,rural community.She does not eat a balanced diet and sometimes goes hungry.She does not go to the doctor regularly.At what age might we expect her menarche to begin?

A)10
B)11
C)12
D)15

Question 54

Adequacy of ____ accounts for the average age of menarche being lowest in industrialized countries.

A)nutrition and medical care
B)exercise and education
C)parental care and knowledge
D)family relationships and friendships

Question 55

Traditional puberty rituals for males do not focus on a particular biological event comparable to menarche for females,but require a young man to ____.

A)prove his ability to gain financial wealth
B)display his intelligence and creativity
C)display courage,strength,and endurance
D)display his ability to control emotional expressions

Question 56

Aapril is from Latin America and is excited to celebrate her quinciñeara.She has picked out the most beautiful dress and she knows that all of her family and friends will be there.Aapril will soon ____.

A)turn 15-years-old
B)have a baby
C)graduate from high school
D)get married

Question 57

In many cultures,boys were required to engage in violent rituals in which they were to submit to and sometimes engage in bloodletting of various kinds.Why have these rituals declined in frequency or disappeared?

A)changes in religion practices
B)globalization
C)legislation
D)boys' refusal to participate

Question 58

In developed countries,menarche generally occurs at age ____,whereas in developing countries it generally occurs at age ____.

A)10.5; 17
B)11.5; 16
C)12.5; 15
D)13.5; 14

Question 59

In many parts of the world,menarche is the catalyst that enters females into a lifelong process of socially constructed monthly rituals.Menstrual-related monthly rituals are remarkably common because ____.

A)many cultures are male-dominant and rituals are a means to control women
B)many cultures lack access to medical care and scientific knowledge
C)many cultures have strong beliefs concerning the power of menstrual blood
D)many cultures lack access to informative media such as television and radio

Question 60

Female circumcision in adolescence remains common in Africa,with rates of more than ____ in many countries and above ____ in Mali,Egypt,Somalia,and Djibouti.

A)40%; 60%
B)50%; 70%
C)60%; 80%
D)70%; 90%

Question 61

Your neighbor is concerned that her teenage daughter has an eating disorder.You are not so sure,since her daughter is of normal weight.If her daughter does have an eating disorder,what is the most likely possibility?

A)bulimia nervosa
B)anorexia nervosa
C)over-exercise
D)EDNOS

Question 62

About ____ of eating disorders occur among females.Most cases of eating disorders have their onset among females in their ____.

A)90%; teens and early 20s
B)80%; teens and early 20s
C)70%; early to mid-20s
D)60%; early to mid-20s

Question 63

When Rachel looks into a mirror,she sees a fat person.However,she is extremely thin for her height,weighing less than 85% of normal.She has intense fear of gaining weight and has not experienced a menstrual cycle in the last four months.Knowing diagnostic criteria,one can assume that Rachel might manifest which of the following disorders?

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)pica
D)feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood

Question 64

You think that your niece is a very beautiful 15-year-old.At 5'5",she weighs 130 pounds,which her physician says puts her in the middle of the healthy BMI range.However,you have noticed that she has become a very picky eater and rarely finishes her meals.Based on what you've read about adolescent eating habits and weight,why might she be doing this?

A)She has already gone through her growth spurt and is probably not hungry.
B)Because 60% of adolescent females believe that they are overweight,she is probably trying not to gain weight or is actively dieting.
C)She probably has a thyroid problem and has no appetite.
D)She might have a hormone deficiency that leaves her not interested in eating.

Question 65

Binge drinking is defined as consuming ____ or more alcoholic drinks in a row.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 66

Your friend has been losing quite a bit of weight and is now very thin.Although she was very attractive before she began to lose weight,nearly everyone thinks that she is now way too thin and unattractive.However,she thinks that she is too heavy.What is going on? She likely has ____.

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia
C)a thyroid problem
D)cancer

Question 67

In the United States,substance use is ______ before adolescence,________ by the end of secondary school.

A)common; but very prevalent
B)often restricted to caffeine; but most had used alcohol daily
C)rare; but fairly common
D)unheard of; and rare

Question 68

According to the CDC (2008),about ____ of American adolescent girls and ____ of boys in grades 9-12 report engaging in eating disordered behavior in the past 30 days.

A)20%; 10%
B)15%; 7%
C)10%; 4%
D)5%; 1%

Question 69

According to the Monitoring the Future data,what percentage of American high school seniors used alcohol in the past month?

A)29%
B)39%
C)49%
D)59%

Question 70

Approximately 15% of American adolescent females are overweight.What percentage of them believe that they are overweight?

A)60%
B)50%
C)40%
D)30%

Question 71

____ percent of American adolescent girls and ____ of boys believe they weigh too much,even though only 15% of girls and 16% of boys are actually overweight by medical standards.

A)Sixty; 30%
B)Seventy; 25%
C)Eighty; 20%
D)Ninety; 15%

Question 72

Why are rates of cigarette smoking lower among adolescents in the United States and Canada as compared to Europeans?

A)Adolescents in the U.S.and Canada are more intelligent than European adolescents.
B)It is not illegal to sell tobacco products to European adolescents.
C)The United States and Canadian governments have waged large-scale public health campaigns against smoking.
D)Parents in the United States and Canada are less likely to smoke.

Question 73

Which of the following best describes the primary symptoms for anorexia nervosa?

A)excessive worry and anxiety,significant difficulty controlling one's worry,and the feeling of being wound up
B)inability to maintain body weight at least 85% of normal for height,fear of gaining weight,lack of menstruation,and distorted body image
C)episodes of binge eating,a sense of lack of control over eating during the episodes,and inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain
D)depressed mood most of the day nearly every day,and feeling sad or empty

Question 74

Your younger sister has been recently diagnosed with anorexia.Your mother and father are not really sure what they should do and think that your sister might just improve on her own.You are very concerned because it took a couple of years before your parents insisted that your sister get a diagnosis and you know that anorexia can be a very serious problem.What is one of the major difficulties with anorexia?

A)10% will die from its complications
B)30% will struggle with anorexia-like problems their entire lives
C)50% will never marry or have families
D)70% will acquire a more severe psychological disorder

Question 75

The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa< / KT> and bulimia< / KT>; however,____.

A)bulimia nervosa is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa
B)anorexia nervosa is slightly more common than bulimia nervosa
C)anorexia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females
D)bulimia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females

Question 76

What percentage of Egyptian girls is circumcised?

A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 77

Comparing the rates of eating disorder symptoms in adolescent girls in Germany and Finland to girls in the United States,it is clear that rates are ____ in the United States.

A)much higher
B)slightly higher
C)the same as
D)lower

Question 78

Ramon engages in discrete periods of binge eating and he feels as if he cannot control himself.After each binge episode,his guilt is extremely high and he feels compelled to exercise relentlessly.Typically,after a binge episode,he will spend two hours at the gym and another hour running.Knowing diagnostic criteria,one can assume that Ramon might manifest ____.

A)a feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood
B)pica
C)bulimia nervosa
D)anorexia nervosa

Question 79

According to the Monitoring the Future data,what percentage of American high school seniors reported binge drinking in the past month?

A)26%
B)36%
C)46%
D)56%

Question 80

Your mother and father are examining hospital treatment facilities for your younger sister,who has just been diagnosed with anorexia.What is the likelihood that she will improve with hospital treatment?

A)11%
B)22%
C)44%
D)66%