Deck 40: Expressed Emotion

Question 1

To alleviate the stress of long work hours,Phara has arranged a more convenient work schedule with her employer.Phara's behavior best illustrates

A) an external locus of control.
B) a Type B personality.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When wheel-turning and helpless rats received simultaneous electric shocks,the ________ rat was subsequently more likely to develop ________.

A) "subordinate";ulcers
B) "executive";heart disease
C) "executive";hypertension
D) "subordinate";immunity to disease

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Veena gets poor grades no matter how hard she studies,so she has simply given up studying.Veena's behavior most clearly reflects

A) learned helplessness.
B) an internal locus of control.
C) a Type A personality.
D) problem-focused coping.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Researchers have observed that the experience of repeated uncontrollable aversive events contributes to

A) problem-focused coping.
B) learned helplessness.
C) a Type B personality.
D) an internal locus of control.

Question 5

Those who believe that being successful is a matter of luck rather than hard work illustrate

A) a Type A personality.
B) a Type B personality.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 6

In humans,a perceived loss of control is associated with a rise in stress hormone levels,a(n)________ in immune responses,and a(n)________in blood pressure.

A) decrease;increase
B) increase;decrease
C) increase;increase
D) decrease;decrease

Question 7

Trying to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor is most characteristic of

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) personal control.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) an internal locus of control.

Question 8

The distress associated with having to pick a course of action among a very large number of reasonable alternatives best illustrates

A) relative deprivation.
B) unrealistic optimism.
C) the tyranny of choice.
D) suppressed immune functioning.

Question 9

In a famous study,when nursing home patients were encouraged to exert more personal control,93 percent became

A) fearful of making a mistake.
B) more withdrawn.
C) more alert and happier.
D) less active.

Question 10

After picking one of 30 brands of jam,people may feel regret over bypassing some of the remaining brands.Their regret best illustrates a consequence of

A) an external locus of control.
B) the tyranny of choice.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) a Type A personality.

Question 11

Hakim has terminal cancer.He reacts to the stress of his condition by feeling grateful for his life and accepting his oncoming death.His response best illustrates

A) optimism.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) a Type A personality.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 12

Among nurses who reported little personal control over their environment,the greater their workload the higher their level of

A) serotonin.
B) cortisol.
C) oxytocin.
D) lymphocytes.

Question 13

Ferdinand was assigned to a small dormitory room with two other freshman roommates.As a result,he feels he has little control over his environment.His body is most likely to respond with

A) a reduced blood cholesterol level.
B) an increase in the production of lymphocytes.
C) a decrease in blood-clotting speed.
D) elevated blood pressure.

Question 14

Primates at the top of the social pecking order are less likely to contract cold-like viral infections than those with lower social status.This best illustrates the value of

A) problem-focused coping.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) the faith factor.
D) perceived control.

Question 15

Captive animals are more vulnerable to disease than are wild animals.This is best explained in terms of

A) the tyranny of choice.
B) learned helplessness.
C) spontaneous remission.
D) a perceived loss of control.

Question 16

Research has indicated that rats become more vulnerable to ulcers when exposed to ________ shocks.

A) predictable
B) uncontrollable
C) low-intensity
D) repeated

Question 17

Using emotional,behavioral,or cognitive methods to alleviate stress is known as

A) biofeedback.
B) mindfulness meditation.
C) personal control.
D) coping.

Question 18

Learning to feel helpless minimizes

A) coronary heart disease.
B) the tyranny of choice.
C) personal control.
D) stress reactions.

Question 19

Compared with those who had chosen among 30 different brands of jam,those who had chosen from among just 6 brands expressed

A) more pessimism.
B) more satisfaction with their choice.
C) less liking for sweet foods.
D) more learned helplessness.

Question 20

Control helps explain a link between ________ and longevity.

A) low birth weight
B) cholesterol levels
C) ecoomic status
D) pessimism

Question 21

Paula expects that studying hard will enable her to earn good grades on her tests.Paula's belief best illustrates

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) the faith factor.
C) self-control.
D) an internal locus of control.

Question 22

Students who reported fewer coughs,aches,and pains near the end of the semester were those who had previously been identified as having

A) an optimistic outlook.
B) the faith factor.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) biofeedback.

Question 23

If we expect that our efforts will lead to good things,we are demonstrating

A) an external locus of control.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) the faith factor.
D) optimism.

Question 24

Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too socially inept to make friends with her new classmates.Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of

A) an internal locus control.
B) a Type A personality.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) pessimism.

Question 25

In studies of American,Asian,and New Zealander children,________ outdid intelligence test scores in predicting academic and life success.

A) mindfulness meditation
B) optimism
C) social support
D) self-control

Question 26

Compared with their parent's generation,a greater number of today's young Americans now endorse a more external locus of control.It has been suggested that this generational shift may help explain an associated increase in the rates of

A) depression.
B) unrealistic optimism.
C) mindfulness meditation.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 27

Julio believes that no matter how hard he works,the "system" is so biased against his ethnic group that he will be unable to achieve economic success.Julio's thinking most clearly demonstrates

A) problem-focused coping.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) an external locus of control.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 28

The perception that we can strongly influence the outcome and destiny of our own life illustrates

A) mindfulness meditation.
B) the faith factor.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) a Type B personality.

Question 29

One study found that people exhibited less obesity,lower blood pressure,and less distress at age 30 if they had expressed ________ at age 10.

A) a Type A personality
B) a more internal locus of control
C) self-control
D) social support

Question 30

Optimists are more likely than pessimists to experience

A) high blood sugar levels.
B) an external locus of control.
C) perceived control.
D) biofeedback.

Question 31

In the short run,after exercising self-control,people are ________ able to maintain self-control.In the long run,their self-control is ________.

A) better;strengthened
B) less;weakened
C) better;weakened
D) less;strengthened

Question 32

Social support calms people's response to threats by

A) lowering blood pressure.
B) inhibiting immune system activity.
C) reducing the production of proteins.
D) redistributing bloodflow from internal organs to skeletal muscles.

Question 33

Teo is learning about the benefits of self-control.Which of the following is NOT one such benefit?

A) Showing self-control in the short term can lead to future rewards.
B) Self-control can help people live healthier,happier,and more successful lives.
C) Self-control may be related to a depletion effect.
D) Self-control is associated with vulnerability to ill health.

Question 34

Stress is defused,pain is eased,and immune activity is strengthened by

A) biofeedback.
B) humor.
C) sarcasm.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 35

Which of the following is most likely to calm us and reduce blood pressure and stress hormone levels?

A) increased cortisol levels
B) social support
C) an external locus of control
D) a Type A personality

Question 36

Corbett refuses to eat healthy foods and exercise because he believes good health is just a matter of luck.Corbett's attitude best illustrates

A) the faith factor.
B) an external locus of control.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) a Type A personality.

Question 37

Students who expect that they will be able to rebound from a low test score through their own effort and self-discipline most clearly demonstrate

A) biofeedback.
B) the faith factor.
C) an external locus of control.
D) optimism.

Question 38

A famous study of 180 American Catholic nuns found a positive correlation between ________ and life expectancy.

A) optimism
B) a Type A personality
C) mindfulness meditation
D) an external locus of control

Question 39

Compared to those with an external locus of control,people who perceive an internal locus of control are

A) more likely to experience low self-esteem.
B) more likely to exhibit the faith factor.
C) likely to achieve more in school.
D) less able to delay gratification of their impulses.

Question 40

In one analysis of 32 studies involving more than 6.5 million people,those who were ________ were more likely to die early.

A) Type B personalities
B) highly self-controlled
C) divorced
D) religiously active

Question 41

Research indicates that those who attend religious services regularly are more likely than nonattenders to experience

A) infectious diseases.
B) a longer life span.
C) an external locus of control.
D) the tyranny of choice.

Question 42

Although Josiah has a demanding and stressful work schedule,he typically takes time to run the indoor track at his local health club about 30 minutes a day.This is an effective way for him to reduce his

A) problem-focused coping.
B) lymphocyte levels.
C) serotonin activity in the brain.
D) blood pressure reaction to stress.

Question 43

Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to a decrease in

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) the brain's serotonin activity.
C) the experience of anxiety.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 44

Inga,a university sophomore,is experiencing stress and feels mildly depressed.She would be best advised to

A) start a program of regular aerobic exercise.
B) receive training in relaxation.
C) make use of the Innovation Time Off program.
D) try biofeedback.

Question 45

Jason closes his eyes and focuses on becoming aware of his moment-to-moment bodily sensations such as the expansion and compression of his lungs as he slowly inhales and exhales breaths of air.Jason best illustrates

A) self-control.
B) a Type A personality.
C) mindfulness meditation.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 46

People have been found to suffer fewer health problems following the death of their spouse by suicide or a car accident if they

A) stay busy and avoid thinking about their loss.
B) express their grief to close friends.
C) spend time thinking about all the experiences they shared with their loved one.
D) quickly make plans for developing a new romantic relationship.

Question 47

According to a National Institutes of Health panel,biofeedback has been found to work best in relieving

A) coronary heart disease.
B) tension headaches.
C) arthritis pain.
D) upper respiratory infections.

Question 48

Which of the following has been found to strengthen connections among brain regions associated with focusing attention and being reflectively aware of what we see and hear?

A) the faith factor
B) mindfulness meditation
C) an external locus of control
D) massage

Question 49

In a study of Type A heart attack survivors,Meyer Friedman and his colleagues found that the most effective technique for preventing recurrent heart attacks was

A) the Innovation Time Off program.
B) pain-control medication.
C) relaxation training.
D) biofeedback.

Question 50

Which of the following can help relax both premature infants and those suffering pain?

A) an external locus of control
B) a Type A personality
C) the Innovation Time Off program
D) massage therapy

Question 51

Patients who received recordings designed to ________ both before and after surgery reported better wound healing.

A) increase heart rate and blood pressure
B) inhibit activity in the limbic system
C) reduce cortisol levels
D) encourage relaxation

Question 52

In one study,women who went from active exerciser to couch potato over a two-year period showed a 51 percent increase in

A) an internal locus of control.
B) problem-focused coping.
C) oxytocin levels.
D) depression.

Question 53

Mindfulness meditation ________ connections among regions associated with ________.

A) weakens;focused attention
B) strengthens;social emotions
C) strengthens;focused attention
D) weakens;social emotions

Question 54

Research participants who received nasal drops laden with a cold virus were least likely to catch a cold if they had

A) close social ties.
B) Type A personalities.
C) biofeedback.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 55

Studies with mice have found that ________ causes the brain to produce a molecule that stimulates the production of new stress-resistant neurons.

A) oxytocin
B) high blood pressure
C) physical exercise
D) learned helplessness

Question 56

When labeling emotions during mindfulness meditation,people show ________ activation in the amygdala and ________ activation in the prefrontal cortex.

A) less;more
B) more;less
C) less;less
D) more;more

Question 57

Aerobic exercise is an effective way to

A) reduce problem-focused coping.
B) increase cortisol production.
C) reduce serotonin activity in the brain.
D) lower the blood pressure reaction to stress.

Question 58

Naomi was able to alleviate some of the stress associated with her recent job loss by confiding the details of her painful experience to trusted friends.This best illustrates the stress-relieving value of

A) the Innovation Time Off program.
B) mindfulness meditation.
C) self-disclosing.
D) biofeedback.

Question 59

Aerobic exercise increases the availability of mood-boosting neurotransmitters such as

A) serotonin.
B) acetylcholine.
C) cortisol.
D) oxytocin.

Question 60

Feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family has been found to promote

A) an increase in cortisol.
B) mindfulness.
C) stronger immune functioning.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 61

The theorist who coined the term extrinsic locus of control to describe people who believe their fate is controlled by outside forces is

A) Martin Seligman.
B) Ellen Langer.
C) Julian Rotter.
D) Meyer Friedman.

Question 62

People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they

A) believe they cannot change a stressful situation.
B) appraise a stressful event as a challenge rather than a threat.
C) are dealing with strangers rather than people they know.
D) are in a good mood.

Question 63

Prisoners allowed to move their furniture and adjust their lighting feel less stress.This best illustrates the value of

A) mindfulness.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) perceived control.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 64

Kathy alleviated the stress of breaking up with her boyfriend in two ways.She avoided contact with her ex-boyfriend and she planned recreational activities with her best girlfriend.Kathy's behavior best illustrates

A) mindfulness.
B) an external locus of control.
C) a Type B personality.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 65

Mindfulness meditation involves attending to our moment-to-moment experiences in a manner that is

A) aimless.
B) humble.
C) nonjudgmental.
D) emotionally arousing.

Question 66

The best way to increase the production of serotonin is to

A) avoid emotion-focused coping.
B) develop an external locus of control.
C) engage in aerobic exercise.
D) receive training in meditation.

Question 67

Meyer Friedman and his colleagues used ________ to help Type A heart attack survivors reduce their risk of future attacks.

A) oxytocin
B) relaxation
C) the Innovation Time Off program
D) biofeedback

Question 68

In research studies,dogs who were able to escape electric shocks experienced

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) personal control.
C) biofeedback.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 69

A healthy lifestyle has been described as a(n)________ that might account for the association of religious involvement and life expectancy.

A) Type A profile
B) intervening variable
C) locus of control
D) mindfulness

Question 70

Although she is intelligent,Abigail believes that her low grades in school are reflections of her own intellectual incompetence.Her conclusion best illustrates

A) problem-focused coping.
B) an internal locus of control.
C) the tyranny of choice.
D) a pessimistic outlook.

Question 71

Which of the following may contribute to the stress protection that has been associated with the faith factor?

A) mindfulness meditation
B) a stable worldview
C) biofeedback
D) neurogenesis

Question 72

Practicing ________ has been observed to reduce temporarily the mental energy needed for other tasks.

A) stress appraisal
B) optimism
C) self-control
D) mindfulness meditation

Question 73

Religiously active people have ________ socially supportive relationships and ________ lifestyles than those who are not religiously active.

A) fewer;less healthy
B) fewer;healthier
C) more;less healthy
D) more;healthier

Question 74

To reduce the stress of making monthly payments on her high-interest credit card debt,Marci secured a low-interest bank loan and an extra part-time job,which enabled her to quickly pay off her debts.Marci's actions best illustrated

A) a Type A personality.
B) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
C) an external locus of control.
D) problem-focused coping.

Question 75

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training.Her belief most clearly illustrates

A) the Type A personality.
B) the faith factor.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 76

Kayla has been abused by her husband for years.Feeling that she cannot escape her situation,she has become increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering.Her reaction best illustrates

A) the tyranny of choice.
B) the Type B personality.
C) learned helplessness.
D) problem-focused coping.

Question 77

In the long run,people who practice resisting the urge to drink too much alcohol or overeat high-fat foods are likely to experience an increase in

A) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
B) mindfulness meditation.
C) relative deprivation.
D) self-control.

Question 78

Feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family members has been found to promote

A) a reduction of natural killer cells.
B) an external locus of control.
C) stronger immune functioning.
D) decreased oxytocin levels.

Question 79

Self-control has been described as a(n)________ that might account for the association of religious involvement and life expectancy.

A) optimistic explanatory style
B) intervening variable
C) locus of control
D) form of immune suppression

Question 80

Religiously active people tend to live longer than those who are not religiously active.This is known as

A) mindfulness meditation.
B) the faith factor.
C) biofeedback.
D) neurogenesis.