Deck 2: Cryptographic Tools

Question 1

On average,__________ of all possible keys must be tried in order to achieve success with a brute-force attack.

A)one-fourth
B)half
C)two-thirds
D)three-fourths

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Public-key cryptography is asymmetric.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Public-key algorithms are based on simple operations on bit patterns.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Cryptanalytic attacks try every possible key on a piece of ciphertext
until an intelligible translation into plaintext is obtained.

Question 5

A message authentication code is a small block of data generated by a
secret key and appended to a message.

Question 6

Triple DES takes a plaintext block of 64 bits and a key of 56 bits to
produce a ciphertext block of 64 bits.

Question 7

The most important symmetric algorithms,all of which are block ciphers,are the DES,triple DES,and the __________.

A)SHA
B)RSA
C)AES
D)DSS

Question 8

__________ is the scrambled message produced as output.

A)Plaintext
B)Ciphertext
C)Secret key
D)Cryptanalysis

Question 9

The purpose of the DSS algorithm is to enable two users to securely
reach agreement about a shared secret that can be used as a secret key
for subsequent symmetric encryption of messages.

Question 10

The advantage of a stream cipher is that you can reuse keys.

Question 11

An important element in many computer security services and
applications is the use of cryptographic algorithms.

Question 12

Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality.

Question 13

Two of the most important applications of public-key encryption are
digital signatures and key management.

Question 14

The __________ is the encryption algorithm run in reverse.

A)decryption algorithm
B)plaintext
C)ciphertext
D)encryption algorithm

Question 15

Modes of operation are the alternative techniques that have been
developed to increase the security of symmetric block encryption for large sequences of data.

Question 16

The strength of a hash function against brute-force attacks depends
solely on the length of the hash code produced by the algorithm.

Question 17

Some form of protocol is needed for public-key distribution.

Question 18

The original message or data that is fed into the algorithm is __________.

A)encryption algorithm
B)secret key
C)decryption algorithm
D)plaintext

Question 19

Like the MAC,a hash function also takes a secret key as input.

Question 20

T F 4.The secret key is input to the encryption algorithm.

Question 21

A __________ processes the plaintext input in fixed-size blocks and produces a block of ciphertext of equal size for each plaintext block.

Question 22

A __________ is to try every possible key on a piece of ciphertext until an intelligible translation into plaintext is obtained.

A)mode of operation
B)hash function
C)cryptanalysis
D)brute-force attack

Question 23

Transmitted data stored locally are referred to as __________ .

A)ciphertext
B)DES
C)data at rest
D)ECC

Question 24

A _________ protects against an attack in which one party generates a message for another party to sign.

A)data authenticator
B)strong hash function
C)weak hash function
D)digital signature

Question 25

A __________ is created by using a secure hash function to generate a hash value for a message and then encrypting the hash code with a private key.

A)digital signature
B)keystream
C)one way hash function
D)secret key

Question 26

A __________ attack exploits the characteristics of the algorithm to attempt to deduce a specific plaintext or to deduce the key being used.

Question 27

A _________ is a hardware device that sits between servers and storage systems and encrypts all data going from the server to the storage system and decrypts data going in the opposite direction.

Question 28

There are two general approaches to attacking a symmetric encryption scheme:
cryptanalytic attacks and __________ attacks.

Question 29

Combined one byte at a time with the plaintext stream using the XOR operation,a __________ is the output of the pseudorandom bit generator.

A)keystream
B)digital signature
C)secure hash
D)message authentication code

Question 30

Public-key encryption was first publicly proposed by __________ in 1976.

Question 31

Also referred to as single-key encryption,the universal technique for providing confidentiality for transmitted or stored data is __________ .

Question 32

If the only form of attack that could be made on an encryption algorithm is brute-force,then the way to counter such attacks would be to __________ .

A)use longer keys
B)use shorter keys
C)use more keys
D)use less keys

Question 33

The __________ algorithm takes the ciphertext and the secret key and produces
the original plaintext.

Question 34

In July 1998 the __________ announced that it had broken a DES encryption using a special purpose "DES cracker" machine.

Question 35

The two criteria used to validate that a sequence of numbers is random are independence and _________ .

Question 36

__________ is a block cipher in which the plaintext and ciphertext are integers between 0 and n-1 for some n.

A)DSS
B)RSA
C)AES
C)SHA

Question 37

__________ is a procedure that allows communicating parties to verify that received or stored messages are authentic.

A)Cryptanalysis
B)Decryption
C)Message authentication
D)Collision resistance

Question 38

The purpose of a __________ is to produce a "fingerprint" of a file,message,or other block of data.

A)secret key
B)digital signature
C)keystream
D)hash function

Question 39

Digital signatures and key management are the two most important applications of __________ encryption.

A)private-key
B)public-key
C)advanced
C)preimage resistant

Question 40

A __________ processes the input elements continuously,producing output one element at a time.

Question 41

A __________ stream is one that is unpredictable without knowledge of the input key and which has an apparently random character.

Question 42

The simplest approach to multiple block encryption is known as __________ mode,in which plaintext is handled b bits at a time and each block of plaintext is encrypted using the same key.

Question 43

The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to securely reach agreement about a shared secret that can be used as a secret key for subsequent symmetric encryption of messages.

Question 44

The __________ is a pair of keys that have been selected so that if one is used for encryption,the other is used for decryption.

Question 45

__________ is provided by means of a co-processor board embedded in the tape drive and tape library hardware.