Deck 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

Which of the following is a fine motor skill?

A)typing on a keyboard
B)swimming
C)jumping rope
D)riding a bicycle

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A task force has been formed to study the injury death rates among children between the ages of 5 and 14.Which of the following groups will the task force discover has the highest injury death rates?

A)Asian and Japanese
B)Caucasian and Latino Americans
C)Asian and Pacific Islanders
D)American Indian and Alaska Natives

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following activities is considered a gross motor activity?

A)coloring
B)tying a shoelace
C)zipping up a jacket
D)throwing a baseball

Answer 3

D

Question 4

At approximately what age should a child be able to manipulate objects with almost as much capability as an adult?

A)8 years old
B)11 to 12 years old
C)7 years old
D)6 years old

Question 5

Which of the following is a fine motor skill?

A)typing on a keyboard
B)throwing a football
C)jumping rope
D)running and skipping

Question 6

What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children 6 to 8 years old?

A)Children live long enough to get more practice with fine motor skills.
B)Children's cognitive development is increasing.
C)Children have more opportunity to model fine motor skill behavior(s)from others and practice on a consistent basis.
D)The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect,insulate,and surround the nerve cells,raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.

Question 7

At approximately what age should a child be able to tie his/her shoes?

A)8-9 years old
B)4-5 years old
C)6-7 years old
D)10 years old

Question 8

Children ages 5-9 are most likely to be killed

A)in a house fire.
B)in a gun-related death.
C)in a transportation-related accident.
D)by drowning.

Question 9

At what age can both boys and girls judge and intercept directions of small balls thrown from a distance and run 17 feet per second?

A)10 years old
B)8 years old
C)7 years old
D)12 years old

Question 10

Throughout the lifespan,which of the following is the only time when girls are,on average,taller than boys?

A)by age 10
B)by age 11
C)by age 12
D)by age 13

Question 11

Elementary school children in the U.S.grow,on average,________ a year.

A)2 to 3 inches
B)4 to 5 inches
C)1 to 2 inches
D)3 to 4 inches

Question 12

What percentage of preteens suffers with depression?

A)10%
B)5%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 13

Body weight that is more than 20% above the average of a person of a given age and height is called

A)overnutrition.
B)undernutrition.
C)average.
D)obesity.

Question 14

Approximately how many children and adolescents have a psychological disorder that produces some impairment?

A)1 in 5
B)5 in 10
C)1 in 4
D)3 in 10

Question 15

Hana has been diagnosed with asthma.Her parents are concerned and ask the physician to discover with them what would trigger their daughter's asthma.What would the physician tell them regarding asthma triggers?

A)metal objects
B)respiratory infections,airborne irritants,stress
C)riding in a car
D)certain toothpastes

Question 16

At approximately what age should a child be able to use each hand independently?

A)8 years old
B)5 years old
C)7 years old
D)4 years old

Question 17

Which of the following is a way to reduce auto and bicycle injuries?

A)use of seatbelts
B)driving slowly at all times when children are in the car
C)only wearing knee,but not elbow,pads while riding a bicycle
D)less adult supervision of children

Question 18

The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that boys and girls should engage in sports and games,and

A)boys should play with boys.
B)girls should play with girls.
C)boys and girls should engage in sports and games in mixed-gender groups until puberty.
D)boys and girls should engage in sports and games in mixed-gender groups despite the onset of puberty.

Question 19

Which of the following is likely to be the cause of U.S.children's inadequate fitness levels?

A)Children continue to eat too sporadically.
B)Children continue to eat a diet that is too dairy dependent.
C)There is no national effort to increase the level of children's fitness.
D)Children live a more sedentary lifestyle that includes sitting in front of televisions and computer screens.

Question 20

Bobby,age 5,Amanda,age 12,Allan,age 3,and Suzy,age 8,are all children at risk for injuries.Which of these children is more apt to be injured than the others?

A)Bobby
B)Amanda
C)Allan
D)Suzy

Question 21

What is the term for a learning disability marked by inattention,impulsiveness,a low tolerance for frustration,and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity?

A)bipolar disorder
B)childhood schizophrenia
C)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 22

Which of the following is the most likely reason why children's psychological disorders are neglected?

A)Parents and family members are embarrassed.
B)Most children do not exhibit symptoms entirely consistent with those of adults.
C)There are no treatments available for children with psychological problems.
D)Most children grow out of their symptoms.

Question 23

If a child is demonstrating difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening,speaking,reading,writing,reasoning,or mathematical abilities,the child is exhibiting

A)intellectual disability.
B)psychological disabilities.
C)specific learning disorders.
D)developmental delays.

Question 24

Which of the following factors help differentiate normal active behavior in children from those children with ADHD?

A)persistent difficulty in finishing tasks,following instructions,and organizing work
B)frequent moments of deep concentration and the inability to focus on a second task
C)rapid neural development
D)interest in very active,fast-paced games

Question 25

If a person has the inability to see even at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 70 feet (20/70)after correction (corrective lenses,etc. ),this is known as

A)blindness.
B)partial sightedness.
C)legally blind.
D)impairment.

Question 26

Which of the following is considered one of the prevalent disorders that affects children with normal intelligence?

A)bipolar disorder
B)psychosomatic illnesses
C)gender identity disorders
D)learning disabilities

Question 27

Which of the following are side effects of medication treatment for ADHD (e.g. ,Ritalin)?

A)irritability
B)increased appetite
C)increased sleep
D)dependency

Question 28

Severe and early loss of hearing is associated with difficulties in which of the following?

A)abstract thinking
B)the ability to comprehend written words
C)cognitive development
D)physical brain development

Question 29

The causes of learning disorders,while not well understood,are generally attributed to

A)low birth weight in infancy.
B)brain dysfunction due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
C)inadequate access to learning.
D)speech/language problems in early childhood.

Question 30

Auditory impairment,which is a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing,affects ________ percent of the school-age population.

A)2-4
B)1-2
C)5-8
D)4-6

Question 31

How many school-age children are labeled with a learning disability?

A)1 in 10
B)5 in 10
C)3 in 10
D)1 in 4

Question 32

What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech,and is the most common speech impairment?

A)echolalia
B)auditory language processing delays
C)stuttering
D)dyspraxia

Question 33

What is the term for speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself,interferes with communication,or produces maladjustment in the speaker?

A)stuttering
B)auditory language processing disorder
C)auditory impairment
D)speech impairment

Question 34

Frank was tested by the school psychologist and diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD).The test results have been explained to his parents.His parents are curious as to brain involvement and ADD/ADHD.The school psychologist informs them that

A)some research indicates that ADD/ADHD is related to a delay in neural development.
B)there is little research to link ADD/ADHD with specific brain involvement.
C)if there is a lag in neural functioning,it will go away with age.
D)ADD/ADHD would be considered a developmental delay.

Question 35

What is the term for a difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness?

A)visual acuity
B)partial vision
C)color blindness
D)visual impairment

Question 36

Some symptoms that a child with vision impairment may exhibit while doing schoolwork include which of the following?

A)complaining about feeling fidgety during class
B)holding a screen very far away from his/her face
C)glancing away for long periods of time,apparently "daydreaming"
D)making facial contortions while reading and/or writing

Question 37

What percentage of school-age children demonstrates speech/language impairment?

A)3 to 5 percent
B)5 to 10 percent
C)2 to 8 percent
D)1 to 3 percent

Question 38

What percentage of children between ages 9 and 17 suffers with an anxiety disorder?

A)13%
B)12%
C)20%
D)10%

Question 39

If a person has the inability to see even at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 200 feet (20/200)after correction,this is known as

A)blindness.
B)partial sightedness.
C)legally blind.
D)impairment.

Question 40

What is the definition of a specific learning disorder?

A)a speech/language impairment
B)difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening,speaking,reading,writing,reasoning,or mathematical abilities
C)a vision impairment in which the child cannot see at 20 feet what most people can see at 200 feet
D)a hearing impairment

Question 41

When a child initially records information in a form usable to memory,this is called

A)rehearsal.
B)listening.
C)visualization.
D)encoding.

Question 42

Alexander is 6 years old,and although he pronounces most words clearly,he has difficulty pronouncing "j," "v," "th," and "zh" sounds,which are examples of

A)metalinguistics.
B)phonemes.
C)word blends.
D)enunciation.

Question 43

What is Vygotsky's term for the level at which a child can almost,but not quite,understand or perform a task?

A)metamemory
B)transference
C)zone of proximal development
D)theory of mind

Question 44

In the information processing approach,what is the term for the ability to record,store,and retrieve information?

A)encoding
B)metamemory
C)memory
D)information processing

Question 45

Larry was daydreaming the day that his first grade teacher reviewed the math lesson that 5 + 5 = 10.Later,Larry was not able to recall this information,probably because

A)he never heard it.
B)he never encoded it.
C)he never rehearsed it.
D)he never visualized it.

Question 46

If a middle-school-age child employs conscious,intentionally used tactics to improve cognitive processing,this is called use of

A)reasoning.
B)control strategies.
C)rehearsal.
D)working memory.

Question 47

What is the term that refers to the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age,which is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic?

A)concrete operational
B)decentering
C)abstract operational
D)preoperational

Question 48

Concrete operational thought involves applying _____ to solve problems.

A)reasoning
B)intuition or hunches
C)logical operations
D)acquired knowledge

Question 49

The vocabulary of a 6-year-old child is from 8,000 to 14,000 words,whereas the vocabulary grows by another _____ words between the ages of 9 and 11.

A)1,000
B)5,000
C)2,000
D)10,000

Question 50

Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation,based upon Vygotsky's work,where children work together in groups to achieve a common goal?

A)reciprocal teaching
B)metamemory
C)zone of proximal development
D)cooperative learning

Question 51

When a middle-school student is able to demonstrate that he/she is able to hear a string of digits (1,2,3,4,etc. )and then repeat the string in reverse order,the child is indicating that he/she is developing

A)memory skills.
B)working memory.
C)rehearsal strategies.
D)recall.

Question 52

When middle-school-age children understand the rules of language that indicate how words and phrases can be combined to form sentences,this is called

A)metalinguistic skills.
B)metacognition.
C)syntax.
D)phonemes.

Question 53

Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation,based upon Vygotsky's work,where reading comprehension strategies are taught,allowing the student to take on the role of the teacher?

A)reciprocal teaching
B)metamemory
C)zone of proximal development
D)cooperative learning

Question 54

What is the term for the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account?

A)concrete operational
B)abstract operational
C)preoperational
D)decentering

Question 55

Seven-year-old Alice is working with clay in art class,and she rolls a round ball of clay between her hands until it becomes a long rope of clay.However,she decides that she does not want the rope of clay,but would prefer that the clay be in the shape of a ball again.Alice knows that this is possible.Piaget would say that Alice is demonstrating the knowledge of

A)formation.
B)decentering.
C)reversibility.
D)conservation.

Question 56

If a 7-year-old child thinks largely in an egocentric manner,then from Piaget's perspective we would say that the child is in the ________ stage.

A)concrete operational
B)decentering
C)abstract operational
D)preoperational

Question 57

What is the term for an understanding about the processes that underlie memory,which emerges and improves during middle childhood?

A)recall
B)rehearsal
C)metamemory
D)working memory

Question 58

For a child to remember a piece of information,_______ processes must function properly.

A)6
B)3
C)5
D)4

Question 59

When middle-school-age children become more competent with the rules governing the use of language to communicate in a given social setting,they are demonstrating knowledge of

A)pragmatics.
B)syntax.
C)phonemes.
D)metalinguistic awareness.

Question 60

Seven-year-old Marvin and his four-year-old brother are sitting at the table as their mother pours milk into their glasses.Both glasses are the same size and shape.However,Marvin's mother notices a scratch/nick on the lip of his glass,and decides that it is safer if she pours that milk into another glass for Marvin so he doesn't cut his lip.The new glass is shorter and much wider,and when she pours the milk into the new glass Marvin's younger brother laughs and says that now he has more milk than Marvin.However,Marvin is not upset because he knows that he still got the same amount of milk.Marvin is exhibiting

A)concrete operations.
B)decentering.
C)the preoperational stage.
D)the abstract operational stage.

Question 61

What is the term for the use of more than one language?

A)pragmatics
B)bilingualism
C)syntax
D)metalinguistics

Question 62

At which stage is a child able to read and process information that reflects multiple points of view? What grade(s)is the child likely to be attending?

A)Stage 1 - first and second grades
B)Stage 2 - second and third grades
C)Stage 3 - fourth to eighth grades
D)Stage 4 - eighth grade and beyond

Question 63

Middle-school-age children utilize _____________ when information is fuzzy or incomplete,such as asking for clarifications of information.

A)metacognitive skills
B)metalinguistic awareness
C)pragmatics
D)syntax

Question 64

If a reading educator is in favor of teaching reading by presenting the basic skills that underlie reading,such as phonics,this teacher is a proponent of the

A)whole-language approach.
B)sound-symbol approach.
C)code-based approach.
D)phonetic-fluency approach.

Question 65

Which of the following stages best reflects when a child reads,using phonological recoding skills,and what grade(s)is the child most likely attending?

A)Stage 0 - kindergarten
B)Stage 1 - first and second grades
C)Stage 2 - second and third grades
D)Stage 3 - third and fourth grades

Question 66

What is the term for a form of education in which the goal is to help minority students develop competence in the culture of the majority group while maintaining positive group identities that build on their original cultures?

A)diversity
B)equal opportunity
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 67

What is the term for an understanding of one's own use of language?

A)metamemory
B)comprehension
C)metalinguistic awareness
D)expressive/receptive communication

Question 68

Over the past decade or so,educators began to argue that the presence of students from diverse cultures enriched and broadened the education experience for all students.This would be an example of

A)diversity.
B)the pluralistic society model.
C)the cultural assimilation model.
D)multicultural education.

Question 69

What is the term for a set of behaviors,beliefs,values,and expectations shared by members of a particular society?

A)diversity
B)culture
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 70

When non-English speaking children are initially taught in their native language,while at the same time learning English,this is called

A)bilingualism.
B)bilingual education.
C)pragmatics.
D)metalinguistics.

Question 71

Children begin to use reading as a source for learning around

A)kindergarten.
B)first grade.
C)fourth grade.
D)second grade.

Question 72

What is the term for the concept that American society is made up of diverse,coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual cultural features?

A)diversity
B)pluralistic society model
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 73

At which stage does reading become a means to an end and a way for a child to learn? What grade(s)is the child most likely attending?

A)Stage 1 - first and second grades
B)Stage 2 - second and third grades
C)Stage 3 - fourth to eighth grades
D)Stage 4 - eighth grade and beyond

Question 74

What is the term for maintaining one's original cultural identity while integrating oneself into the dominant culture?

A)bicultural identity
B)pluralistic society model
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 75

What is the term for the model that fostered the view of American society as the proverbial melting pot,in which the goal of education was to assimilate individual cultural identities into a unique,unified American culture?

A)diversity
B)culture
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 76

The curriculum director for a school district is making arrangements to bring the works of Shakespeare into the school district.What is the earliest grade that he/she is planning to introduce these great works of literature?

A)first grade
B)third grade
C)sixth grade
D)eighth grade

Question 77

If a reading educator is in favor of teaching reading by presenting it as a natural process,similar to acquisition of oral language,where the child is encouraged to guess at words,and learns to read through exposure to actual uses of language,this teacher is a proponent of the

A)whole-language approach.
B)sound-symbol approach.
C)code-based approach.
D)phonetic-fluency approach.

Question 78

At which stage does a child learn to read aloud with fluency? What grade(s)is the child likely to be attending?

A)Stage 0 - kindergarten
B)Stage 1 - first and second grades
C)Stage 2 - second and third grades
D)Stage 3 - fourth to eighth grades

Question 79

At which stage does a child learn phonological recoding skills and start to read?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 0
C)Stage 2
D)Stage 3

Question 80

Which of the following best fits the stage of reading which lasts from birth to the start of first grade,where children learn the essential prerequisites for reading,such as identifying letters?

A)Stage 4
B)Stage 0
C)Stage 1
D)Stage 2