Deck 6: Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Which of the following could be thought of as the neurological equivalent of the Morse code?

A)an anatomical code
B)a perceptual code
C)a functional code
D)a chemical code

Answer 1

a functional code

Question 2

Our sense of hearing brings us the sound of a C,an E,and a G played simultaneously on the piano,but we interpret the sound as a C-major chord due to the process of:

A)perception.
B)sensation.
C)specific nerve energy.
D)functional encoding.

Answer 2

perception.

Question 3

_______________ is sensory crossover where stimulation of one sense also evokes a sensation in another.

A)Sensation
B)Perception
C)Synesthesia
D)Signal detection

Answer 3

Synesthesia

Question 4

_______________ is a set of mental operations that organize sensory impulses into meaningful patterns.

A)Sensation
B)Perception
C)Synesthesia
D)Signal detection

Question 5

The doctrine of specific nerve energies states that:

A)each type of sensory receptor releases a different type of energy.
B)different sensory nerves release different neurotransmitters.
C)each sensory neuron can respond to all sensory modalities.
D)what a person experiences depends on what nerve was stimulated

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT related to functional codes?

A)Which cells are firing?
B)How many cells are firing?
C)Why are the cells firing?
D)What is the rate at which cells are firing?

Question 7

Our sense of vision produces a two-dimensional image on the back of the eye,but we interpret the world in three dimensions due to the process of:

A)perception.
B)sensation.
C)specific nerve energy.
D)functional encoding.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of sensation?

A)interpreting sensory impulses
B)becoming immediately aware of sound and color
C)detecting physical energy emitted by objects
D)becoming aware of heat,cold,and pain

Question 9

The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects is called:

A)perception.
B)sensation.
C)specific nerve energy.
D)functional encoding.

Question 10

Sense receptors convert the energy of the stimulus to:

A)chemical changes.
B)visual signals.
C)electrical impulses.
D)dendritic potentials.

Question 11

_______________ codes rely on the fact that sensory receptors and neurons fire,or are inhibited from firing,only in the presence of specific sorts of stimuli.

A)Temporal
B)Anatomical
C)Functional
D)Utilitarian

Question 12

_______________ is concerned with how the physical properties of stimuli are related to our psychological experience of them.

A)Signal-detection theory
B)Psychophysics
C)Perception
D)Gestalt theory

Question 13

Receptors that account for our sense of balance are found in the:

A)eyes.
B)ears.
C)nose.
D)skin.

Question 14

Sense receptors for smell,pressure,pain,and temperature are:

A)extensions of sensory neurons.
B)specialized cells separated from sensory neurons by synapses.
C)modified axons of sensory neurons.
D)modified skin cells connected to sensory neurons.

Question 15

Sensory neurons _______________ messages to convey different types of information using nerve impulses.

A)transmit
B)convert
C)decode
D)encode

Question 16

Sarah says that the color purple smells like a rose and the aroma of cinnamon rolls feels like velvet.Sarah is displaying the symptoms of:

A)parapsychology.
B)synesthesia.
C)sensation pruning.
D)functional sensation.

Question 17

The _______________ is a measure of the smallest amount of energy a person can reliably detect.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)jnd
D)sensory sensitivity

Question 18

Neil is seated in a dark room and asked to look at a screen.He watches as flashes of light,varying in brightness,are flashed one at a time.Whenever he notices a flash he informs the researchers.What are the researchers measuring?

A)Neil's anatomical encoding of brightness
B)Neil's absolute threshold for brightness
C)Neil's functional encoding of brightness
D)Neil's difference threshold for brightness

Question 19

Sense receptors for vision,hearing,and taste are:

A)extensions of sensory neurons.
B)specialized cells separated from sensory neurons by synapses.
C)modified axons of sensory neurons.
D)modified skin cells connected to sensory neurons.

Question 20

The ________________ contain receptors responsible for a sense of bodily movement.

A)ears
B)glial cells
C)skeletal muscles
D)eyes

Question 21

As you take this test,it is unlikely that you are constantly aware that your legs are making contact with the legs of the chair.This is called:

A)sensory adaptation.
B)sensory threshold.
C)a correct rejection.
D)a miss.

Question 22

It has been found that:

A)humans are sensitive to almost the entire range of electromagnetic energy.
B)humans can hear sounds that are two octaves beyond the range of bats.
C)humans are one of the few species that can see ultraviolet light.
D)humans can see a candle flame on a clear,dark night from 30 miles away.

Question 23

In a signal detection task,the participant tends to be a "yea-sayer." She will have:

A)more misses than "naysayers."
B)more correct rejections than "naysayers."
C)more false alarms than "naysayers."
D)fewer hits than "naysayers."

Question 24

As she studies in the library,Beatrice is not aware of the pressure of her watchband on her wrist.This is called:

A)sensory adaptation.
B)feature detection.
C)saturation.
D)the doctrine of specific energies.

Question 25

The difference threshold is defined as:

A)the ability of different species to detect varying aspects of electromagnetic waves,from radio waves to cosmic waves.
B)the smallest difference in stimulation that can be detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared.
C)the difference in absolute thresholds between individuals with normal sensory abilities and those who have limitations in one or more senses.
D)the difference between anatomical codes and functional codes when determining how individuals are able to experience so many different kinds of sensations.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true about sensory deprivation?

A)It can cause edginess and visual hallucinations.
B)It may be pleasant or unpleasant depending on a person's expectations.
C)It violates the principles of signal detection theory.
D)It demonstrates the importance of sensory stimuli for our brain to function normally.

Question 27

After playing tennis,Briana hurries home because her mother always bakes Briana's favorite scones on Saturday afternoons.As Briana opens the front door,she notices the powerful odor of a gas leak,but her mother says,"I don't smell anything." It is likely that Briana's mother has:

A)experienced a decline in her sense of smell as she reached middle-age.
B)a different absolute threshold for olfaction than does her daughter.
C)adapted to the smell of the gas leak because it has been an unchanging stimulus.
D)been a habitual naysayer throughout her life.

Question 28

Another term for the difference threshold is:

A)jnd.
B)signal detection threshold.
C)absolute threshold.
D)comparison threshold.

Question 29

Too much stimulation can be bad for you because it can lead to:

A)bizarre visions.
B)fatigue and mental confusion.
C)auditory hallucinations.
D)reckless impulsivity.

Question 30

In a signal detection task,the participant says that he detects a signal and a signal was present.This is called a:

A)hit.
B)false alarm.
C)miss.
D)correct rejection.

Question 31

Signal detection theory assumes that:

A)a person's ability to detect a stimulus depends only on the stimulus.
B)there is a single threshold for each sense.
C)a person's response depends on the stimulus and on a decision about it.
D)the person's sensory receptors are not fatigued.

Question 32

The absence of normal levels of sensory stimulation is called:

A)sensory adaptation.
B)sensory deprivation.
C)retinal disparity.
D)perceptual constancy.

Question 33

A decline in sensory responsiveness that occurs when a stimulus is unchanging or repetitive is called:

A)the difference threshold.
B)psychophysics.
C)sensory adjustment.
D)sensory adaptation.

Question 34

In a signal detection task,the participant says that he detects a signal when no signal was present.This is called a:

A)hit.
B)false alarm.
C)miss.
D)correct rejection.

Question 35

Keegan notices that his favorite 55-cent candy bar seems lighter than usual and so he checks the label and finds that it is lighter by ½ ounce.He decides to buy a larger candy bar instead and doesn't notice that the 99-cent candy bar also is lighter by ½ ounce.Keegan's behavior illustrates the fact that:

A)the just noticeable difference is not a reliable measure of psychophysiological judgment.
B)sensory adaptation may occur in the short time between holding one candy bar and then the other.
C)jnds are unpredictable because sometimes he can and sometimes he can't detect a ½ ounce change.
D)the larger a weight is,the greater the change must be before one can detect a difference.

Question 36

Although the human senses are very sensitive:

A)they do not allow us to easily detect differences in intensity.
B)they respond only to a narrow band of physical energy.
C)they have a relatively high absolute threshold compared to all other mammals.
D)their jnd is low.

Question 37

In addition to a subject's sensory capacity,signal detection theory takes into account:

A)the tendency for the subject's performance to worsen over time.
B)the tendency for the subject's performance to improve over time.
C)the subject's response bias.
D)the amount of practice a subject has had.

Question 38

When she goes into the office,Amelia doesn't know how she is going to make it through the whole morning due to an annoying buzz from an overhead light.But when a coworker complains about the noise an hour later,Amelia realizes that she hadn't been aware of the sound.This is called:

A)sensory adaptation.
B)just noticeable difference.
C)a correct rejection.
D)a miss.

Question 39

In a signal detection task,the participant says that she doesn't detect a signal but a signal was present.This is called a:

A)hit.
B)false alarm.
C)miss.
D)correct rejection.

Question 40

At the orientation for first year students,April felt overwhelmed by the number of people,the multiple conversations,and the forms that needed to be completed.April is experiencing:

A)sensory adaptation.
B)selective attention.
C)sensory overload.
D)perceptual constancy.

Question 41

The visual receptors are located in the back of the eye,or _______________.

A)pupil
B)iris
C)cornea
D)retina

Question 42

The part of the eye that gives it color is the:

A)pupil.
B)iris.
C)cornea.
D)retina.

Question 43

When you enter a dim room,the _______________ widens to let more light in.

A)pupil
B)iris
C)cornea
D)retina

Question 44

The intensity of light is related to our perception of:

A)hue.
B)brightness.
C)saturation.
D)threshold.

Question 45

Neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball's interior is called the:

A)pupil.
B)iris.
C)cornea.
D)retina.

Question 46

Hue is related to the _______________ of light.

A)wavelength
B)complexity
C)purity
D)intensity

Question 47

When the wavelength of a light is examined,one looks at:

A)the distance between the crests of a wave.
B)the amplitude of a wave.
C)the maximum height of a wave.
D)the variations in saturation.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true about white light?

A)It is completely saturated and pure.
B)It is a psychological dimension of vision.
C)It is completely unsaturated.
D)It is produced by shorter light waves.

Question 49

The ability to focus on some parts of the environment and block out others is referred to as:

A)sensory deprivation.
B)selective attention.
C)sensory overload.
D)inattentional blindness.

Question 50

The wavelength of light is related to our perception of:

A)hue.
B)brightness.
C)saturation.
D)threshold.

Question 51

The _______________ protects the eye and bends incoming light rays toward a lens located behind it.

A)pupil
B)iris
C)cornea
D)retina

Question 52

The complexity of light is related to our perception of:

A)hue.
B)brightness.
C)saturation.
D)threshold.

Question 53

During a break from his job as a waiter,Barnardo begins to read Hamlet and is so engrossed in the play that he fails to notice the clattering of dishes all around him.This is an example of:

A)feature detection.
B)absolute threshold.
C)sensory deprivation.
D)selective attention.

Question 54

Phoebe is feeling edgy and disoriented as she rests on her hospital bed in the infectious disease isolation unit.She wishes that the room had a television or at least a radio.It is likely that Phoebe is experiencing:

A)sensory overload.
B)sensory adaptation.
C)sensory deprivation.
D)selective attention.

Question 55

When Brett walks out of the theater into the glare of the sun,his _______________ gets smaller to let less light in.

A)pupil
B)iris
C)cornea
D)retina

Question 56

The capacity for _______________ protects us in daily life from being overwhelmed by all the sensory signals impinging on our receptors.

A)sensory deprivation
B)selective attention
C)signal detection
D)anatomical encoding

Question 57

The amount of light that gets into the eye is controlled by muscles in the:

A)pupil.
B)iris.
C)cornea.
D)retina.

Question 58

Saturation is related to the _______________ of light.

A)wavelength
B)complexity
C)amount
D)intensity

Question 59

Brightness is related to the _______________ of light.

A)purity
B)complexity
C)amount
D)intensity

Question 60

When Kayla's teacher switches on the lights after showing the class a video,Kayla's _______________ gets smaller to let less light in.

A)pupils
B)semicircular canals
C)cochlea
D)papillae

Question 61

A color-deficient person is usually unable to distinguish red from green and sees the world in shades of:

A)reddish green and gray.
B)black,white,and red.
C)blue,yellow,brown,and gray.
D)black,white,yellow and green.

Question 62

Researchers who have studied color blindness and color deficiency have found that:

A)total color blindness is extremely rare in animals species.
B)total color blindness usually occurs when cones of the retina are absent or malfunctional.
C)color deficiency is more frequently found in Native American men than in European men.
D)color deficiency is more frequently found in women than in men.

Question 63

The trichromatic theory explains:

A)the first level of color processing which occurs in the retina.
B)the second level of color processing which occurs in the ganglion cells.
C)the third level of color processing which occurs in the thalamus.
D)the fourth level of color processing which occurs in the visual cortex.

Question 64

In primates,some cells in the _______________ lobe respond maximally to faces.

A)right temporal
B)frontal
C)left parietal
D)occipital

Question 65

Rods and cones are connected by _______________ to bipolar neurons.

A)retinal blood vessels
B)the optic disc
C)synapses
D)the cornea

Question 66

The optic nerve is formed of:

A)ganglion cell dendrites.
B)ganglion cell axons.
C)bipolar cell dendrites.
D)bipolar cell axons.

Question 67

The most common form of color blindness is:

A) blue-yellow color blindness.
B)red-blue color blindness.
C)red-green color blindness.
D)total color blindness.

Question 68

Hubel and Wiesel identified neurons in visual cortex that responded to lines at a particular orientation. These cells are called:

A)feature detectors.
B)line cells.
C)pattern-sensitive neurons.
D)Hubel-Wiesel cells.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is inaccurate?

A)In dark adaptation,rods adapt slowly,taking 20 minutes or longer.
B)Rods are much more sensitive than are cones in darkness.
C)Cones adapt quickly under conditions of dim illumination.
D)After cones adapt to the dark,your vision is as good as it will get.

Question 70

Ganglion cells and neurons in the _______________ of the brain respond to simple features of the environment such as light and dark.

A)thalamus
B)amygdala
C)reticular activating system d medulla

Question 71

Which of the following is the correct order in which light passes through the structures of the eye before getting to the retina?

A)lens,pupil,cornea
B)lens,cornea,pupil
C)cornea,lens,pupil
D)cornea,pupil,lens

Question 72

When the lens of the eye focuses light on the retina,the result is a/an _______________.

A)sideways image
B)colorless image
C)peripheral image
D)upside-down image

Question 73

Peggy cannot see a star as she is looking straight up at it,but she can see it from the corner of her eye.Peggy's vision is most likely:

A)typical,based on our understanding of peripheral vision.
B)typical,because of the blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
C)unusual,because foveal vision is sharper than peripheral vision.
D)unusual,because this is a pattern shown by those who are color blind.

Question 74

In the _______________ century,it was demonstrated that when we look at an object,the light pattern on the retina is upside down.

A)seventeenth
B)eighteenth
C)nineteenth
D)twentieth

Question 75

Neurons in the retina of the eye that gather information from receptor cells are called:

A)bipolar cells.
B)ganglion cells.
C)rods.
D)cones.

Question 76

In _______________,the visual cortex contains cells that respond maximally to bull's-eyes,spirals,or concentric circles.

A)felines
B)bulls
C)dolphins
D)primates

Question 77

The trichromatic theory applies to the level of processing which occurs in the:

A)occipital lobe.
B)neurons of the thalamus.
C)left temporal lobe.
D)retina of the eye.

Question 78

There appears to be a special module in the brain for recognizing:

A)geometric shapes.
B)circles.
C)faces.
D)vertical and horizontal lines.

Question 79

The trichromatic theory states that:

A)the visual system treats triads of color as antagonistic to each other.
B)three types of color feature detectors in the visual cortex are responsible for color perception.
C)three types of cones exist,each sensitive to a certain range of wavelengths.
D)species that detect ultraviolet light perceive three colors that are outside of the range of humans.

Question 80

Research on rods and cones has revealed that:

A)the center of the retina contains a mixture of about 75 percent rods and 25 percent cones.
B)there are about 120 to 125 million rods and about 7 or 8 million cones in the retina.
C)the outer edges of the retina,which are responsible for peripheral vision,contain only cones.
D)rods are more effective than cones in distinguishing different wavelengths of light.