Deck 12: The State,War,and Terror

Question 1

Which of the following would NOT be considered an interest group?

A)big business
B)organized labor
C)nation-state
D)neighborhood association

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Power resides in an individual or family and is passed from one generation to the next through hereditary lines.What form of governance does this best describe?

A)democracy
B)monarchy
C)dictatorship
D)totalitarianism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Max Weber's concept of the routinization of charisma can be described as

A)the institutionalization of a charismatic leader's beliefs into a legitimate position of authority
B)the rise of a charismatic figure who assumes authority over a society
C)the use of prescribed,tried-and-true techniques by a charismatic leader to achieve a mass following
D)the use of modern technology,such as radio,Internet,and television,to govern

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The codified rules of behavior established by a government and backed by the threat of force are known as ______.

A)rituals
B)statutes
C)legal norms
D)laws

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Domhoff and Mills's description of the power elite?

A)They come from a private high schools and colleges.
B)They cycle in and out of top positions in government,business,and the military.
C)They have shared values and interests.
D)Their actions and decisions are determined by competing interests with relatively equal and shifting opportunities and access to power.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a ruler or leader with rational-legal authority?

A)Salman,King of Saudi Arabia
B)Martin Luther King Jr.
C)Prime Minister Julia Gillard
D)Joseph Stalin

Question 7

Which of the following would the welfare state be considered?

A)civil right
B)social right
C)political right
D)citizenship right

Question 8

In Alabama and Florida,nearly ______ of African American men are barred from voting.

A)one fourth
B)one third
C)one half
D)two thirds

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a part of the sociological definition of a citizen?

A)part of a political community
B)granted certain rights and privileges
C)must perform certain duties to the state
D)must only reside within one country

Question 10

Where have people lived for most of human history?

A)countries
B)small,homogenous communities
C)large,diverse cities
D)nation-states

Question 11

Which of the following is characteristic of governments that exercise their authority through coercion?

A)They earn the allegiance of their people.
B)They are more stable.
C)They require extensive surveillance of their populations.
D)They are more efficient.

Question 12

A single people or nation governed by a political authority or state is commonly referred to as a ______.

A)nation-state
B)country
C)state
D)society

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a functionalist perspective on government?

A)Modern societies do not always enjoy consensus on values and norms.
B)Government translates broadly shared values and interests into fair laws and policies.
C)Government balances conflicting interests.
D)Society is controlled by a dominant class of elites.

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of a charismatic leader?

A)Jesus Christ
B)Nelson Mandela
C)Adolf Hitler
D)Salman,King of Saudi Arabia

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the establishment of legitimate authority?

A)People comply because of the threat or use of physical force.
B)Power is exercised by and for the benefit of a small political elite.
C)Pluralistic societies come together to resolve their conflicts.
D)People consent to give up power,allowing others to dominate them.

Question 16

Ordinary members of society are denied the right to participate in government while political power is exercised by and for the benefit of a small political elite.What form of governance does this best describe?

A)democracy
B)pluralism
C)constituency
D)authoritarianism

Question 17

Which theory argues that there is a revolving door of elites who cycle in and out of positions of power?

A)class dominance theory
B)pluralist theory
C)the functionalist perspective
D)authoritarianism

Question 18

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of civil rights?

A)right to attend racially integrated public schools
B)right to access a public building using a wheelchair ramp
C)right to unemployment insurance
D)right to freedom from sexual harassment in the workplace

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a ruler or leader with traditional authority?

A)Queen of Spain
B)Jesus Christ
C)Osama bin Laden
D)President Abraham Lincoln

Question 20

People who are temporary or permanent residents and who do not have the same rights and privileges as citizens are referred to as ______.

A)aliens
B)undocumented residents
C)noncitizens
D)immigrants

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true of private military corporations (PMCs)?

A)Their existence began with the Iraq War.
B)They are seen by some as a business and investment opportunity.
C)They rely on government contracts.
D)They provide services such as training and transportation.

Question 22

The Global War on Terror was initiated in ______.

A)1776
B)1854
C)1968
D)2001

Question 23

In 2010,the Supreme Court ruled that the government could not restrict the monetary expenditures of corporations in political campaigns.What was the name of this case?

A)Political Action Committee v.Federal Election Commission
B)Kelo v.Federal Chamber of Commerce
C)McConnell v.Federal Election Commission
D)Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true of lobbyists?

A)They are often located in Washington,D.C. ,or state capitals.
B)Foreign governments are prohibited from lobbying.
C)They have written laws that elected officials have introduced as legislation.
D)They are often former politicians or high-level government officials.

Question 25

Which of the following would NOT be an example of social movements?

A)temperance
B)women's suffrage
C)super PACs
D)labor

Question 26

Which of the following would be considered a question a conflict theorist would ask when looking at war?

A)Who benefits financially from war?
B)What are the positive functions of war?
C)How does war contribute to social solidarity?
D)How does war help countries maintain and expand their territory?

Question 27

Terrorism is often motived by all of the following EXCEPT this:

A)religion
B)politics
C)ideological beliefs
D)greed

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a latent function of war?

A)boosts industrial production
B)unites citizens around a common cause
C)affects family life and demographics
D)expands national territory

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the baby boom?

A)It took place before World War II.
B)It was partially the result of postponed childbearing during war years.
C)It is seen as a manifest function of war.
D)It shrunk the population of numerous participating countries.

Question 30

Which of the following is true of super PACs (political action committees)?

A)Their donors are often anonymous.
B)They can contribute directly to specific campaigns or parties.
C)The Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission decision restricted their monetary expenditures.
D)They rely on contributions from working- and middle-class families.

Question 31

Popular political participation is denied,and the government seeks to regulate and control all aspects of the public and private lives of citizens.What form of governance does this best describe?

A)monarchy
B)terrorism
C)totalitarianism
D)communism

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT related to a dictatorship in practice?

A)an inner circle of governing elites
B)compliance of the masses
C)citizens fully participate in their own governance
D)support from military leaders

Question 33

Which of the following groups is most likely to turn out to vote?

A)young people
B)older,more educated people
C)middle-income Latinos
D)low-income Whites

Question 34

Which of the following is considered a latent function of war?

A)to gain territory
B)to gain control of natural resources
C)to maintain a political entity
D)to provide employment for a nation's citizens

Question 35

Which of the following groups would NOT be considered beneficiaries of war?

A)citizens who are freed from systems of oppression
B)privately contracted mercenaries
C)technological and industrial corporations
D)young revolutionaries who are labeled terrorists

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of a manifest function of war?

A)A country expands its territory.
B)World War II helped the U.S.economy grow stronger.
C)Citizens come together to support the troops of their country.
D)The return of soldiers leads to the growth of families.

Question 37

Which of the following would NOT likely be used to enforce power in a totalitarian regime?

A)torture tactics
B)food restriction
C)forums to exercise direct democracy
D)information stringently controlled

Question 38

"Hacking into government and private computer systems and crippling military,financial,and service sectors of advanced economies" is termed ______.

A)terrorism
B)cyberterrorism
C)cyberbullying
D)electronic sabotage

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of war as a global,historical phenomenon?

A)Armed conflict and casualties have increased.
B)Trillions of dollars have been spent on war globally.
C)For much of history,it has consisted of large,global,direct confrontations.
D)It has been part of human societies,culture,and practices for millennia.

Question 40

Which of the following is true about direct democracy?

A)It originated with the establishment of the Constitution in the United States.
B)Citizens elect representatives to govern them.
C)It is rarely possible today due to the size and complexity of societies.
D)Only certain party members can vote.

Question 41

Explain the differences between civil,political,and social rights and how these are tied to citizenship.

Question 42

Governments that ground their authority in coercion are relatively stable and long-lasting,as people are afraid to challenge the political order.

Question 43

Young people have historically been more likely to vote than older groups.

Question 44

One critique of the term nation-state is that it does not reflect the heterogeneity of cultures brought together through warfare,conquest,immigration,and colonization.

Question 45

In the United States,the legislative candidate with the greater number of votes wins the seat,and the loser gets nothing.Some European countries practice ______ voting,in which small parties that win a certain number of votes can earn a few seats.

Question 46

The modern military term company comes from the private "companies" of mercenaries who were hired to fight in conflicts of the Middle Ages in Europe.

Question 47

Explain what is meant by a welfare state.Discuss recent trends in the size of welfare states.

Question 48

Explain the relationships between corporations,interest groups,and lobbyists,and explain how they are able to exercise power.

Question 49

Most countries agree on and use the United Nations' definition of terrorism and their official list of terrorist organizations.

Question 50

No third-party candidate has won a presidential election since Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860.

Question 51

The most popular form of democracy is representative democracy,in which citizens elect representatives to govern them.

Question 52

Explain what is meant by the statement,"One person's terrorist is another person's freedom fighter."

Question 53

According to Domhoff,the ______ elite is made up of individuals who are linked to the social upper class,the corporate community,and the policy formation organizations that influence government policy.

Question 54

One example of direct democracy taking place today is the ______ process that exists in California and Oregon.

Question 55

Nationwide,more than ______ million U.S.citizens are barred from voting due to felony convictions.

Question 56

______ authority is power based on a belief in the lawfulness of enacted rules (laws)and the legitimate right of leaders to exercise authority under such rules.

Question 57

Although defense spending has increased since 9/11,there has been little effect on funding for education,immigration reform,and health care.

Question 58

______ authority is power based on a belief in the sanctity of long-standing traditions and the legitimate right of rulers to exercise authority in accordance with these traditions.

Question 59

The ______ economy is the phenomenon of war boosting economic productivity and employment.

Question 60

______ authority is power based on devotion inspired in followers by the personal qualities of a leader.

Question 61

"Contemporary societies have a pluralistic nature." Explain what is meant by this statement.What happens when two groups have conflicting interests? Illustrate this with an example.Provide a critique of the pluralist perspective.

Question 62

Discuss the relationships between war,terror,and political power.

Question 63

Distinguish between direct democracy and representative democracy.Explain why one might be used over the other.

Question 64

Identify the different definitions of terrorism that have been constructed by various government agencies or nation-states.Discuss why definitions of terrorism may differ and what issues arise when trying to define terrorism.

Question 65

Distinguish between coercion and legitimate authority.Define and provide examples of traditional,rational-legal,and charismatic authority.

Question 66

Domhoff posits that we can show the existence of a dominant class by examining the answers to several basic questions,which he terms power indicators.Outline the three basic questions that he says must be answered.Provide examples of answers to each that would illustrate the existence of a dominant class in the United States.

Question 67

Describe voter turnout in the United States,including some comparison with modern industrial countries.Provide at least two reasons for high voter apathy in America.

Question 68

Choose a war or conflict fought within the past 60 years.Apply a conflict-oriented analysis,identifying "who benefited" and "who lost."

Question 69

The 2012 presidential campaign was,by far,the most expensive in history,with more than $2 billion spent altogether.Apply a conflict-oriented or class dominance perspective to the issue of campaign finance.

Question 70

Explain what it means for a country to face a legitimation crisis.

Question 71

Identify the three major characteristics of an ideal-typical model of a modern country.

Question 72

Propose a research study that examines the relationship between war and the economy.Identify the research topic,include discussion of how you would frame your research question and what theory or theories you would use,select an appropriate research methodology,weigh any ethical implications,and discuss any challenges or threats to data collection,reliability,or validity that may arise.

Question 73

Describe the two-party system in the United States.Apply conflict or class dominance theory to the two-party system.Include a discussion of how the two-party system can lead to voter apathy.

Question 74

Apply a functionalist perspective to the war economy in the United States.Be sure to include both manifest and latent functions,as well as the dysfunctions.

Question 75

Describe alternative democratic systems that exist outside of the United States,such as parliamentary or proportional voting.How else could we work outside of a two-party system?

Question 76

Compare and contrast monarchies and dictatorships,and provide an example of each.

Question 77

Compare and contrast the ways a PAC or super PAC might exercise political power versus an average citizen.

Question 78

Using a sociological analysis,discuss how war might have an effect on the family,whether positive or negative.

Question 79

Describe voter turnout among young people (18- to 24-year-olds)and the dominant perceptions about their political or civic engagement.Do you agree with this view? How else might you measure political engagement?

Question 80

Examine the key similarities and differences between authoritarian,totalitarian,and democratic forms of governance.Provide an example of each.Include a discussion of their stability or instability.