Deck 21: Collective Action and Social Movements

Question 1

What do we call sporadic, brief, and sometimes violent group actions?

A) non-routine collective action
B) general collective action
C) democratic collective action
D) socially unstable action

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What are people engaged in when they act together to create or resist social, political, or economic changes?

A) democratic government
B) economic development
C) subversion
D) collective action

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following theories is a variant of functionalism?

A) breakdown theory
B) frame alignment theory
C) solidarity theory
D) postmodern theory

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following theories is breakdown theory a variant of?

A) conflict theory
B) functionalist theory
C) symbolic interactionist theory
D) postmodernist theory

Question 5

What is Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) engaged in when it lobbies for tougher laws against drinking and driving?

A) routine collective action
B) general collective action
C) democratic collective action
D) peaceful social action

Question 6

A group of gay and lesbian activists and supporters stage a demonstration at the Alberta Legislature regarding equal rights for same-sex couples. Which theory argues that this particular group would be expected to demonstrate?

A) resource mobilization theory
B) contagion theory
C) breakdown theory
D) solidarity theory

Question 7

In Vancouver in 2011, downtown crowds rioted after the Vancouver Canucks lost the Stanley Cup to the Boston Bruins. What kind of group action did the Vancouver crowds engage in?

A) non-routine collective action
B) general collective action
C) democratic collective action
D) membership action

Question 8

The B.C. Teachers Federation threatened various job actions after a year's worth of negotiations did not bring them any closer to a contract with the provincial government. What is the B.C. Teachers Federation engaged in?

A) a social movement
B) a protest organization
C) a social institution
D) an organizational change movement

Question 9

What type of action is an annual Peace Walk?

A) routine collective action
B) general collective action
C) democratic collective action
D) peaceful social action

Question 10

What do we call long-term, often bureaucratically organized group attempts to create or resist social change?

A) an organizational change movement
B) a social organization
C) a social movement
D) a social institution

Question 11

The authors of the textbook relate a story about an attempt to get New Brunswick high school students motivated to protest against a local pulp mill. What does the story illustrate a lack of?

A) economic development
B) collective action
C) democratic government
D) resource mobilization

Question 12

The Faculty Association at a Canadian university bargains with the university administration for higher wages and increased pensions. What is the Faculty Association engaged in?

A) routine collective action
B) general collective action
C) democratic collective action
D) membership action

Question 13

What do we call unified group action that is non-violent and that follows established patterns of behaviour in bureaucratic social structures?

A) non-routine collective action
B) general collective action
C) democratic collective action
D) routine collective action

Question 14

Until the 1970s, what did many sociologists believe about the people who led social movements?

A) Sociologists believed that they were likely to be socially marginal.
B) Sociologists believed that they were likely to have strong social networks.
C) Sociologists believed that they were likely to have strong social resources.
D) Sociologists believed that they were likely to be political cohorts.

Question 15

After a flood, 300 people who had been displaced from their homes realized that only poor neighbourhoods had been flooded, and that the rich neighbourhoods had been protected from the water. The next day, the 300 displaced people marched on government offices demanding an explanation. According to the textbook, this event illustrates which of the following?

A) contagion theory
B) frame alignment theory
C) relative deprivation theory
D) absolute deprivation theory

Question 16

What type of unified action is Mothers Are Workers (MAW) a part of?

A) a non-routine collective action
B) irrational collective action
C) traditional collective action
D) routine collective action

Question 17

Which theory assumes that collective action results from the disruption of traditional norms and patterns of behaviour?

A) resource mobilization theory
B) political opportunities theory
C) social control theory
D) breakdown theory

Question 18

According to the textbook, which of the following terms refers to the struggle engaged in by underprivileged groups to broaden rights?

A) theocratic revolution
B) socialism
C) social movements
D) civil society

Question 19

What was the 1907 Vancouver Riot an example of?

A) anarcho syndicalism
B) revolutionary Marxism
C) democracy in action
D) non-routine collective action

Question 20

Which of the following concepts does the study of riots and other non-routine social behaviour illustrate?

A) economic sociology
B) political institutionalization
C) collective action
D) demography

Question 21

Which theory focuses on the gap between expected rewards and received rewards?

A) social solidarity theory
B) strain theory
C) resource mobilization theory
D) relative deprivation theory

Question 22

Having a doctoral degree, a job as a professor, and a large savings account are all examples of which of the following?

A) social goods
B) social inducements
C) social goals
D) social rewards

Question 23

Which theory suggests that social movements emerge from collective actions when people who are discontented succeed in building a solid membership base?

A) relative deprivation theory
B) solidarity theory
C) pluralist theory
D) frame alignment theory

Question 24

According to relative deprivation theory, when are people induced to rebel?

A) when social strain increases to an uncontrollable level
B) when expectations decrease to low levels
C) when expectations and rewards balance one another out
D) when increased expectations are met with decreased opportunities

Question 25

According to the textbook, why were people predisposed to participate in the 1907 Vancouver riot?

A) because of their class background
B) because of their occupation
C) because they felt deprived
D) because of their racist attitudes

Question 26

What do sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument?

A) contagion theory
B) absolute deprivation theory
C) differential association theory
D) resource mobilization theory

Question 27

In connection with the 1907 Vancouver riot, what did breakdown theory argue that rapid economic growth produced?

A) strain
B) anomie
C) long-term social solidarity
D) functional consensus

Question 28

The idea that a crowd can create a sense of invincibility in a person that allows her or him to yield to basic instincts she or he would normally not give in to is the central tenet of which of the following theories?

A) resource mobilization theory
B) political opportunities theory
C) biosocial theory
D) contagion theory

Question 29

When evaluating breakdown theory, what do critics conclude may be viewed as "necessary but not sufficient" for non-routine collective action to take place?

A) social structure
B) deprivation
C) alienation
D) anomie

Question 30

Led by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP), a group of homeless people occupies an abandoned building in the Four Corners area of Toronto. According to the textbook, what most likely sparked this action?

A) deprivation
B) breakdown
C) anarchy
D) anomie

Question 31

What do we call the situation where norms are violated as part of breakdown theory?

A) economic deprivation
B) strain
C) labelling
D) political posturing

Question 32

A group of single mothers protests cuts to welfare benefits. According to the textbook, what is most likely to have sparked this action?

A) relative deprivation
B) absolute deprivation
C) social breakdown
D) anomie

Question 33

During the 2011 Stanley Cup riot, otherwise ordinary citizens began vandalizing cars and buildings in downtown Vancouver. Which theory would argue that this behaviour could be expected?

A) contagion theory
B) solidarity theory
C) frame alignment theory
D) strain theory

Question 34

During the 2011 Stanley Cup riot, otherwise ordinary citizens began vandalizing cars and buildings in downtown Vancouver. Which theorist would argue that this behaviour could be expected?

A) Charles Tilly
B) Émile Durkheim
C) Gustave Le Bon
D) Charles Fowler

Question 35

Which theory of group action suggests that discontent is sometimes expressed collectively and in uncustomary ways?

A) solidarity theory
B) new social movement theory
C) breakdown theory
D) frame alignment theory

Question 36

When a social movement emerges from the collective actions of a group, what must discontented people succeed in establishing?

A) equality for all group members
B) a reserve army of labour
C) an organizational base
D) charismatic leadership

Question 37

Which theory argues that people are most likely to rebel when rising expectations are met by an abrupt decline in social rewards?

A) social solidarity theory
B) relative deprivation theory
C) anarchist theory
D) strain theory

Question 38

When low-wage workers of one ethnic group and high-wage workers from another ethnic group compete for the same jobs, what is the likely result?

A) rationalized resistance
B) participant power
C) cohort agitation
D) non-routine collective action

Question 39

When the white workers at the XYZ plant went on strike, the XYZ plant management brought in Sikh workers to do their jobs and paid them less than the white workers. According to the textbook, what is a likely outcome of this management strategy?

A) violent protest
B) non-violent protest
C) resource mobilization
D) frame alignment

Question 40

Non-routine action can occasionally be unpredictable and uncontrolled. What other characteristic does non-routine organization usually have?

A) It is usually socially unorganized.
B) It is usually socially structured.
C) It is usually institutionalized.
D) It is usually immobilized.

Question 41

The protestors at the Johnson Road blockade got a lot of media attention through their high-profile lawyer leader, and they got many cash donations from various supportive groups and unions to keep the protest alive. According to the textbook, what is this process called?

A) contagion
B) resource mobilization
C) frame alignment
D) resource opportunism

Question 42

In the wake of the fifth consecutive wage cut, when General Motors was making unprecedented profits, the workers at the Oshawa plant joined the United Auto Workers Union. According to the textbook, what do their actions represent?

A) resource mobilization
B) non-routine collective action
C) revolutionary action
D) pluralistic collective action

Question 43

Over the past 35 years, union growth in Canada has exceeded that of the United States. Why has this occurred?

A) because industrialization is lower in Canada
B) because government surveillance is lower in Canada
C) because strike activity is discouraged more in Canada
D) because solidarity between political elites is lower in Canada

Question 44

During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in 1999 the government called in the National Guard, who arrested peaceful protestors and sprayed them with C₂ gas and rubber bullets. What are these actions an example of?

A) resource mobilization
B) political opportunism
C) social control
D) social strain

Question 45

In the 1960s, the New Democratic Party (NDP) was able to convince the government of the day to extend full union rights to which of the following groups?

A) manufacturing workers
B) national banking employees
C) medical care professionals
D) public-sector workers

Question 46

At the Quebec City Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) protest in 2001, the government created a temporary by-law stating that no one in the vicinity of the trade talks could wear a hooded sweatshirt or a bandana or carry a gas mask. What was the government engaging in?

A) strain enforcement
B) military repression
C) resource mobilization
D) social control

Question 47

Which of the following groups is most likely to call a strike?

A) a union during an economic recession
B) a union during an economic depression
C) a union in a strong economy
D) a non-union in a strong economy

Question 48

According to the textbook, which of the following is most likely to occur if governments engage in video surveillance of protests?

A) Ordinary citizens may avoid participating.
B) Violent confrontations between protestors and police may occur.
C) Protestors may confuse journalists with police.
D) Ordinary citizens may become more radicalized and prone to action.

Question 49

According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following would be most likely to increase strike activity in a nation?

A) a nation with low unemployment rates
B) a nation with high surveillance
C) a nation with low union membership
D) a nation with a strong military presence

Question 50

When contract negotiations break down between a union on a university campus and the university administration, which strategy is likely to be used by the union to extract concessions from the employer?

A) withholding labour
B) encouraging students to engage in civil disobedience
C) creating anti-university publicity campaigns
D) organizing coalitions

Question 51

When the World Trade Organization (WTO) Millennium Round of talks began to break down in 1999 due to the actions of the protestors, which of the following was most likely to occur next?

A) Protestors would be encouraged to press their claims further.
B) Protestors would be encouraged to give up their claims.
C) The government would be encouraged to remain uninvolved.
D) The government would ensure that protests would never occur again.

Question 52

According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following nations would be most prone to strikes?

A) the United States, which has 12 percent of its workers unionized
B) Canada, which has 30 percent of its workers unionized
C) Great Britain, which has 50 percent of its workers unionized
D) Sweden, which has 90 percent of its workers unionized

Question 53

In the United States in the 1960s, certain political forces created a climate that discouraged union growth. What resulted from that situation?

A) Unemployment rose sharply.
B) Union concentration decreased.
C) Welfare benefits decreased.
D) Strike activity rose sharply.

Question 54

Based on research by Charles Tilly and his colleagues, why did group violence increase in France when national elections were held?

A) These were periods of great deprivation.
B) These were periods of great strain.
C) Elections provided people with new political opportunities.
D) Unpopular candidates were running for most election seats.

Question 55

Which of the following refers to the number of unionized workers in Canada?

A) union representation
B) union mobilization
C) union organization
D) union density

Question 56

Which theory would predict that the violence between World Trade Organization (WTO) protestors and the WTO officials and riot police would get worse as the protestors became increasingly successful in shutting down the WTO Millennium Round of talks?

A) solidarity theory
B) race-aggression theory
C) crowd contagion theory
D) strain theory

Question 57

According to resource mobilization theory, when would strike activity be the most likely to increase?

A) when unemployment is high
B) when state surveillance is high
C) when social welfare benefits are generous
D) when elite coalitions are strengthened

Question 58

Collective action and social movements do not occur only when disadvantaged groups become more powerful. Under which of the following other conditions do opportunities for protest occur?

A) when elites struggle against social movement formation
B) when elites focus on protecting their privilege
C) when elites become weak and divisive
D) when elites begin to sympathize with the disadvantaged

Question 59

How would Charles Tilly define the actions of the very few protestors who engaged in vandalism of a Starbucks window at the 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) protest?

A) organizational violence
B) occasional violence
C) directed violence
D) collective violence

Question 60

Two hundred union workers at a college are able to exert considerable pressure on their employer because their union local is part of a national union of 500 000 workers. Why was the small union able to exert such pressure?

A) because they belong to a political group that is prone to strike
B) because they can access broader leadership and coordination resources
C) because they can absorb a greater amount of strain
D) because they have incredible union density

Question 61

During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protests, the National Guard arrested peaceful protestors and shot C₂ gas into the crowds, and chased them on horseback. According to what the textbook says about social control, what would be the most likely outcome of these actions?

A) Their actions would arouse the sympathies of non-participants.
B) Their actions would backfire and produce more intense protest.
C) Their actions would act as a symbolic frame to rouse violent protest.
D) Their actions would be effective in stopping the protest, at least for a time.

Question 62

Which of the following derailed the textbook author's efforts to initiate a protest about pulp mill pollution among students in a New Brunswick high school?

A) resource immobilization
B) elite authority
C) elite social control tactics
D) frame alignment problems

Question 63

According to the textbook, to what stage have newer social movements been able to carry the struggle for citizenship rights in Canada?

A) political citizenship
B) civil citizenship
C) universal citizenship
D) global citizenship

Question 64

What is the right to a basic and minimum standard of living in Canada part of?

A) universal citizenship
B) political citizenship
C) civil citizenship
D) social citizenship

Question 65

In the 1960s, the right to vote in elections was finally extended to Indigenous people in Canada. What was their enfranchisement a part of?

A) social citizenship
B) civil citizenship
C) political citizenship
D) universal citizenship

Question 66

When would mechanisms of social control be the most likely to kick in, in a nation, to quell potential civil unrest?

A) during mass unemployment
B) during the formation of unions
C) during the protest of the opening of a new mine
D) during the loss of elected leaders' reputations due to scandal

Question 67

The mission of Canada Without Poverty (CWP) is to eradicate poverty by promoting income security and social security for all Canadians; however, unless this organization can mobilize resources through media awareness and recruiting activists among the poor, nothing will happen. What term best identifies what CWP has to do to be successful?

A) mobilize resources
B) get media coverage
C) sow seeds of discontent
D) frame alignment

Question 68

The minister of the New Glory Evangelical church is interviewed on a national talk show about same-sex marriage. The minister's position is that some gay rights advocates are really anti-family and are seeking the goal of communism. What is the minister trying to achieve with his interview?

A) peaceful protest
B) disalignment
C) resource mobilization
D) increased membership

Question 69

In Canada, all adults, regardless of gender, religion, ethnicity, ability, and sexual orientation, have the right to equality and full inclusion in society. What do we call this situation?

A) social citizenship
B) civil citizenship
C) political citizenship
D) universal citizenship

Question 70

Nellie McClung fought the fight for female suffrage and was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Edmonton, Alberta from 1921 to 1926. What was her success a part of?

A) political citizenship
B) civil citizenship
C) social citizenship
D) universal citizenship

Question 71

As the state came to encompass most aspects of social life, how did social movements change in Canada?

A) They became increasingly local in scope.
B) Their membership decreased.
C) They became less violent.
D) They became increasingly violent.

Question 72

Which of the following was the most violent strike in Canadian history so far?

A) the Vancouver General Strike of 1908
B) the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919
C) the Oshawa Strike of 1937
D) the Windsor Strike of 1952

Question 73

Just prior to a strike by union employees on a university campus, union members spend a lot of money on pamphlets stating why students have the same interests as the soon-to-be-striking employees and why they should support them. What do the union's actions illustrate?

A) impression management
B) frame alignment
C) public relations
D) strategic marketing

Question 74

The minister of the New Glory Evangelical church is interviewed on a national talk show about same-sex marriage. The minister's position is that some gay rights advocates are really anti-family and are seeking the goal of communism. Which theory best explains the minister's actions?

A) frame alignment theory
B) solidarity theory
C) resource mobilization
D) breakdown theory

Question 75

An organization with white supremacist leanings organizes a talk on freedom of speech in a small town where the single industry is being closed down. The organizers are actually interested in people who attend the talk visiting their book table at the back of the room and signing up to receive their newsletters. Which social movement theory stresses this type of recruitment strategy?

A) resource mobilization theory
B) frame alignment theory
C) solidarity theory
D) relative deprivation theory

Question 76

In the 1500s, the Huguenots fought for the right to have their religion recognized in France. What were they struggling for?

A) political citizenship
B) civil citizenship
C) social citizenship
D) universal citizenship

Question 77

What were the introductions of the Canada Assistance Plan and Employment Insurance in Canada part of?

A) political citizenship
B) civil citizenship
C) social citizenship
D) universal citizenship

Question 78

For most of the twentieth century in Canada, what has the struggle for citizenship rights been mainly focused on?

A) gender equality
B) class equality
C) social citizenship
D) civil citizenship

Question 79

A group of citizens is concerned about a creosote plant that is being proposed within the limits of their city. The group asks local unions and the local chapter of the Council of Canadians if they can be allowed to speak at their next meetings to educate people about the issue. Which social movement theory discusses this type of strategy?

A) contagion theory
B) coalition theory
C) solidarity theory
D) frame alignment theory

Question 80

Which theory of social movement is based on symbolic interactionism?

A) resource mobilization theory
B) solidarity theory
C) frame alignment theory
D) relative deprivation theory