Deck 5: Neuroimmune Modulation

Question 1

Which of the following is false about the sympathetic nervous system

A) postganglionic neurons release peptides
B) preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine
C) postganglionic neurons rlease only norepinephrine
D) postganglionic terminals can switch the neuropeptides they release

Answer 1

postganglionic neurons rlease only norepinephrine

Question 2

Bidirectional communication between CNS and immune system is supported by the

A) lesion studies alone
B) studies of neurotransmitter levels
C) antigen innoculation studies exclusively
D) none of the above

Answer 2

studies of neurotransmitter levels

Question 3

Research on the impact of sympathetic nervous system activity has shown

A) a dampening effect on innate immune responses
B) a decrease in some aspects of adaptive humoral immunity
C) that increased activity enhances adaptive cell mediated responses
D) a relatively simple pattern of results

Answer 3

a dampening effect on innate immune responses

Question 4

Central nervous system (CNS) modulation of immune function

A) is restricted to subcortical structures
B) involves higher order neural stuctures
C) is solely the function of neocortex
D) is centered on the right amygdala

Question 5

Enteric nervous system refers to

A) neurons tha leave the spinal cord and innervate lymphoid tissue
B) neurons that can be subdevided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
C) neurons contained within the walls of the gastrointestinal tract
D) neurons that carry visceral afferent signals into the spinal cord

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered to be part of the autonomic nervous system

A) enteric nervous system
B) sympathetic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) none of the above

Question 7

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

A) travel to the periphery via the vagus nerve
B) have cell bodies within the thoracic region of the spinal cord
C) synapse on ganglia located far from the target organ
D) are located entirely within the brainstem

Question 8

CNS lesion studies have shown

A) no effect on measures of immune activity
B) decreased immune responsiveness only
C) transient effects whose direction depends on lesion location
D) disinhibition of immune responses across the board

Question 9

The earliest efforts to demonstrate neural regulation of immune responses examined

A) brain lesions
B) immunization
C) learning
D) stress

Question 10

Neocortical lesions support the idea that CNS modulation of immune function is

A) lateralized to the right
B) asymmetric
C) entirely of subcortical origin
D) controlled by posterior structures

Question 11

Immune activity in the periphery

A) is able to modify central nervous activity
B) can trigger peripheral effects that are neurally mediated
C) can impact the central nervous system via the circulation
D) all of the above

Question 12

Classical conditioning studies have reliably shown that

A) a neutral stimulus becomes capable of producing a change in immune activity
B) a neutral stimulus must be paired with antigen to cause immunosuppression
C) immune enhancement is more easily produced than immunesuppression
D) the UCS must be neutral for conditioning to be possible

Question 13

Which of the following is true

A) neural activity does not affect antigen presentation
B) leukocyte traffic is modulated by neural activity
C) NK activity is not affected by neural activity
D) none of the above

Question 14

Peripheral input into the central nervous system is coveyed by

A) somatosensory pathways in response to nociceptors
B) visceral sensory neurons innervating mucosal surfaces
C) affarent neurons in the vagus nerve
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is mainly a pro-inflammatory neurpeptide

A) substance P (SP)
B) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
C) neuropeptide Y (NPY)
D) calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP)

Question 16

Concerning the effects of neurpeptides on immune function

A) it is clear that a single peptide can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory
B) studies have adequately addressed complex scenarios
C) realistic models of what traspires in vivo are available
D) both a and c

Question 17

The submucosal plexus is

A) involved only in the regulation of immune responses
B) present only in the intestines
C) a compnent of gut-associated lymphoid tissue
D) present throughout the gastrointestinal tract

Question 18

Neural innervation of lymphoid tissue appears to regulate

A) blood flow only
B) smooth muscle activity exclusively
C) the cellular elements proximal to the terminal
D) cellular functions irrespective of receptor expression

Question 19

Neural effects on immune function are mediated by the

A) peripheral nervous system
B) endocrine system
C) lymphatic system
D) both a and b

Question 20

Neural innervation of primary lymphoid tissue

A) has not been conclusively demonstrated
B) is limited to visceral-afferent fibers
C) has been established only for parasympathetic fibers
D) is most clearly evident for sympathetic fibers

Question 21

The importance of the conditioning research cannot be overstated because it

A) has been conducted by behavioral scientists
B) shows that the neural pathways involved must be peripheral
C) demonstrates the power of association
D) establishes access to the immune system via the nervous system

Question 22

Right hemesphere activation has been associated with neuroticism and

A) diminished NK activity
B) the composition of the peripheral blood leukocyte population
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Question 23

The idea that personality may be linked to disease

A) has a short history
B) has disproven the existence of psychosomatic disorders
C) is irrelevant to immune responsiveness
D) none of the above

Question 24

Personality is fundementally a manifestation of dynamic aspects of brain organization that

A) tend toward perpetuity
B) emerge as neural network genes are impacted by environments
C) are able to modulate immune responsiveness
D) all of the above