Deck 6: Networks, groups, bureaucracies and Societies

Question 1

Ultimately,who did researcher Bernard Lefkowitz indict for the rape of the young woman in Glen Ridge,New Jersey?

A) the four young men who committed the rape
B) the nine witnesses to the rape
C) the rapists' parents and teachers
D) the community of Glen Ridge

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Solange wanted to see how many people it would take to hand-deliver a package from Vancouver,British Columbia,to her aunt in St.John's,Newfoundland.On average,how many people's hands would the package have to go through for the package to reach her aunt?

A) three
B) six
C) nine
D) twelve

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Based on Stanley Milgram's 1970s experiments with authority and what is known about the genocide during the Holocaust,which of the following people are most likely to harm a stranger if an authority figure tells them to?

A) people who are in the same room as a victim whom they can see and hear
B) people who are in a different room from a victim whom they can see and hear
C) people who are in a different room from a victim whom they can see but not hear
D) people who are in a different room from a victim whom they can neither see nor hear

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following explains how Eugene lives in a "small world" of connections despite only knowing a handful of people?

A) Everyone, in fact, knows everyone else.
B) Each person has her or his own small group of which Eugene is not a part.
C) Each small group has at least five members in common.
D) Eugene uses a popular social networking site to expand his small world.

Question 5

Which of the following factors has been identified as the one most responsible for the effectiveness of Nazi genocide in places such as the Netherlands?

A) the intense and widespread hatred of Jews and other undesirables
B) having a well-organized bureaucracy
C) the availability of new chemicals such as Zyklon B gas
D) the large number of people involved

Question 6

Using a hand-delivered poster,Jasmine has decided to ask all of the people in her apartment building for ideas about where she should look for a job for the summer.Why will this tactic likely bring her success?

A) because most people in the building have to be employed and therefore are more likely to know of employment opportunities
B) because many people in the building may not be employed and therefore likely know which places may be hiring
C) because most people in the building are likely to be strangers and therefore have a wide range of diverse connections
D) because most people would be impressed by such innovation and daring and happily recommend her

Question 7

Sevina has lived in Toronto for several years.According to Wellman's research,which of the following most likely characterizes her social life?

A) comprised of hundreds of ties of varying closeness
B) comprised of hundreds of close personal ties
C) alienating
D) impersonal

Question 8

According to the textbook,what percentage of the 3.3 million Polish Jews survived World War II?

A) 9 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 18 percent

Question 9

Darien is looking for a job.Who should he approach for his best chance at success?

A) his girlfriend, Winona
B) his brother, Rafael
C) his mother's lifelong friend, Phillip
D) his father's boss, Mr. Pink

Question 10

Which of the following is a common feature of most networks?

A) high visibility.
B) descriptive names that explain their purpose.
C) less importance than actual organizations.
D) existence at an inconspicuous level of society.

Question 11

Solange wanted to see how many people it would take to hand-deliver a package from Vancouver,British Columbia,to her aunt in St.John's,Newfoundland.What should she make use of to make this happen?

A) a network
B) an organization
C) a group
D) a bureaucracy

Question 12

In the Glen Ridge rape case,which community value was betrayed by Charles Figueroa?

A) the subordination of women
B) tolerance of male misconduct
C) intense group loyalty
D) lack of compassion

Question 13

Sevina has lived in Toronto for several years.According to Wellman's research,how many social ties is she likely to have?

A) 10
B) 40
C) 400
D) 1000

Question 14

Who is the world's youngest self-made billionaire?

A) Mark Granovetter
B) Mark Walhberg
C) Mark Zuckerberg
D) Mark Ramone

Question 15

How can those who helped to save the lives of prisoners during the Holocaust be best described,compared to those who either actively participated in the killings or who pretended not to know what was happening?

A) Those who helped to save the prisoners were more conformist.
B) Those who helped to save the prisoners were more poorly socialized.
C) Those who helped to save the prisoners appreciated Jewish culture more.
D) Those who helped to save the prisoners were more devoutly religious.

Question 16

What is the world's youngest self-made billionaire known for?

A) creating Facebook
B) modelling, acting, and singing
C) designing the BlackBerry
D) United Nations diplomatic work

Question 17

Sixty-five percent of the research participants in Milgram's study believed they administered dangerous (maximum)levels of electric shock to a stranger.Which of the following groups of participants did the 65 percent belong to?

A) people who were in the same room as a victim whom they could see and hear
B) people who were in a different room from a victim whom they could see and hear
C) people who were in a different room from a victim whom they could see but not hear
D) people who were in a different room from a victim whom they could neither see nor hear

Question 18

Steve is asked by his best friend to beat up a boy at their school who Steve actually likes.According to the textbook,why would Steve do what his best friend asks?

A) because Steve is a rebel and thinks that beating people up for fun is "cool"
B) because Steve looks for any chance he can get to demonstrate his masculinity
C) because Steve's best friend has authority over him so he will conform
D) because Steve's loyalty to his best friend outweighs any feelings he may have that the act is immoral

Question 19

What was the question that perplexed Robert Brym's father regarding the Holocaust?

A) Why were so many Jews killed in Russia but not in Poland?
B) How did the Nazis become such efficient killing machines?
C) What would turn ordinary people into systematic murderers of innocent people?
D) When did Hitler systematically train thousands of people into murderers of defenceless people?

Question 20

During World War II,why were many ordinary people able to murder millions of Jewish,Roma,and other people?

A) They believed that Jews and others were a threat to the existence of the German people.
B) Social norms required a population that would question authority.
C) They wanted to quell rebellion from Jewish and Roma leaders.
D) Bureaucracy is highly inefficient and most people had no idea of the large scale of the killings.

Question 21

Which of the following relationships is characterized by the possibility of increased individuality?

A) a dyad
B) a triad
C) a small group
D) a collective

Question 22

Athena lives in a house with several other people who regularly host vegan potlucks for their vegan friends.What do Athena and the people who attend her potluck dinners belong to?

A) a social group
B) a social category
C) a dyad
D) a triad

Question 23

People who share an identity and interact regularly on the basis of that identity are defined as which of the following?

A) a social category
B) a social group
C) a dyad
D) a triad

Question 24

What is the principal primary group in most people's lives?

A) their co-workers
B) their classmates
C) their family
D) their congregation

Question 25

What is the foundation upon which social networks are built?

A) the individual
B) dyads and triads
C) communities and collectivities
D) websites in cyberspace

Question 26

Which sociologist pioneered work on social relationships such as dyads and triads?

A) Harriet Martineau
B) Max Weber
C) Georg Simmel
D) Herbert Blumer

Question 27

Marilyn has worked at the RCMP office for 23 years as an exhibits clerk.She walks at lunch every work day with the women in the filing room and they all meet for a drink after work every Friday night.What type of social group do Marilyn and her friends from work comprise?

A) an out-group
B) a primary group
C) a secondary group
D) a reference group

Question 28

Which of the following groups is characterized by weak emotional bonds and a narrow range of activities?

A) a dominant group
B) a primary group
C) a secondary group
D) a social category

Question 29

Lori and Tim have been married for nine years.If they are to continue to be married,which of the following must characterize their relationship?

A) the existence of a "free rider"
B) the possibility of shifting responsibility for the relationship onto a larger collective
C) the existence of intense and intimate involvement
D) the possibility of coalitions with others

Question 30

Lewis is sitting at the bus stop and notices that everyone around him has a fruit smoothie.What do Lewis and those around him belong to?

A) a dyad
B) a triad
C) a social group
D) a social category

Question 31

Selena attends a large university and knows very few people in her classes.In her sociology class,however,she is required to work with a group of four other people on a term project.What kind of social group is made up of Selena and her group project classmates?

A) an out-group
B) a primary group
C) a secondary group
D) a reference group

Question 32

People who share a similar status but are not aware of any shared identity are defined as which of the following?

A) a social category
B) a social group
C) a dyad
D) a triad

Question 33

Marilyn has worked at the RCMP office for 23 years as an exhibits clerk.She has seen most of the police officers over the years as they come in to sign out their exhibits for court.What type of social group are Marilyn and the police officers?

A) an out-group
B) a primary group
C) a secondary group
D) a reference group

Question 34

Which of the following groups agrees on basic social norms and the statuses and roles each other will play but feels no need to have these things formally defined in writing?

A) a dominant group
B) a primary group
C) a secondary group
D) a social category

Question 35

Which of the following groups is emotionally involved with one another over an extended period of time and engages in a broad range of activities together?

A) a dominant group
B) a secondary group
C) a social category
D) a primary group

Question 36

Doug faithfully attends a yoga class at his local community centre every Tuesday evening.What type of social group is Doug's yoga group?

A) primary group
B) secondary group
C) social category
D) dominant group

Question 37

Jean and Bruce have been married for six years and have just adopted a baby named Alice.What type of social group do Jean,Bruce,and Alice belong to together?

A) a primary group
B) a secondary group
C) a social category
D) a dominant group

Question 38

Which of the following social relationships can outlive one partner opting out?

A) a dyad
B) a triad
C) a relationship between two nodes
D) a coalition between two people

Question 39

Athena lives in a house with several other people who regularly host vegan potlucks for interested people in the community. What do Athena and her roommates belong to?

A) a dyad
B) a triad
C) a social group
D) a social category

Question 40

What type of group consists of members who are acquainted with one another and get together for a specific purpose,often only for a short period of time?

A) an in-group
B) a primary group
C) a secondary group
D) a social category

Question 41

What kind of group are people interacting with when they interact with others in their minds only?

A) a dominant group
B) a subordinate group
C) an in-group
D) a reference group

Question 42

Jameson is under a lot of pressure to join the military,even though he does not believe strongly in armed conflict.Whom would he be most likely to feel such pressure from?

A) his primary groups
B) his secondary groups
C) the social categories he is a part of
D) the bureaucracies he is a part of

Question 43

Curtis attends a large university and knows very few people in his classes.In his sociology class,however,he was required to meet weekly with a group of four other people to work on a term project,and after the term was over,they all kept meeting weekly to discuss classes and life at university and so on.What type of social group is made up of Curtis and the others?

A) a primary group
B) a secondary group
C) a tertiary group
D) an out-group

Question 44

Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of group conformity?

A) being a person with a low status in a group
B) being from a society that values individualism
C) being part of a pair of intimate friends
D) having a lone dissenter as part of a group

Question 45

Which of the following are in-group members most likely to exhibit toward out-group members?

A) tolerance
B) acceptance
C) competitiveness
D) violence

Question 46

According to the textbook,what is a vital ingredient in replacing negative feelings with positive feelings in an in-group-out-group situation?

A) lots of time
B) an isolated venue
C) charismatic leadership
D) equal status

Question 47

Approximately what percentage of Asch's research participants consistently gave the correct answers in the face of group pressure to select a wrong answer choice?

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 100 percent

Question 48

Which of the following do sociologists consider to be essential to group life?

A) emotional bonds
B) obedience
C) conformity
D) bureaucracy

Question 49

When are the dangers of groupthink the greatest?

A) when the group is large
B) when the group is under a lot of pressure
C) when the group has between five and eight decisions to make at once
D) when the group is in conflict

Question 50

According to the textbook,approximately what percentage of German Jews were married to non-Jews in 1933?

A) 11 percent
B) 22 percent
C) 33 percent
D) 44 percent

Question 51

Which of the following groups of people is least likely to express dissenting views in front of one another?

A) a sociology class
B) a group of friends
C) co-workers
D) a group of farmers at the Saturday farmer's market

Question 52

What is the focus of the conflict theory approach to group conformity?

A) the ways that individuals can be mobilized to achieve group goals
B) the interpretations that group members can make of group goals
C) the ways that group inequalities can be strengthened by conformity
D) the ways that groups attempt to maximize the benefits that accrue to them

Question 53

What does the story of Jewish marriages in the textbook demonstrate?

A) It demonstrates how boundaries separating groups can be created and reinforced if they are seen as useful to the dominant group.
B) It demonstrates how boundaries separating groups can be erased if they are seen as un-useful to the dominant group.
C) It demonstrates how boundaries separating groups can be created and reinforced if they are seen as useful to the subordinate group.
D) It demonstrates how boundaries separating groups can be erased if they are seen as un-useful to the subordinate group.

Question 54

Joel has just ended his three-year relationship with his girlfriend Kristin and is worried that his parents will be very upset with him,as he knows they expected the two of them to marry.For Joel,what type of group are his parents in this situation?

A) a secondary group
B) an out-group
C) a reference group
D) a dominant group

Question 55

According to the textbook,when are bystanders to a crime least likely to get involved to stop it or to help?

A) when others around them step in to help first
B) when no one else around them steps in to help
C) when they believe that official help (e.g., the police) is on the way
D) when they are afraid of being victimized themselves

Question 56

A white professor in a largely white university classroom states that the Jewish Holocaust did not happen and was largely made up by Jews as part of their plan to gain sympathy and take over the world.According to the textbook,what is most likely to happen if one student overtly challenges the professor's views in class?

A) Others will speak up and challenge the professor.
B) No one else will challenge the professor overtly.
C) Only non-Jewish students will challenge the professor.
D) Only Jewish students will challenge the professor.

Question 57

According to Stouffer's classic 1949 study of soldiers in World War II,what was the principal motivator in compelling Allied soldiers to take part in combat?

A) the belief in upholding liberty
B) a hatred of Nazism
C) the belief in freedom for all humankind
D) feelings of solidarity with comrades

Question 58

A white professor in a largely white university classroom states that the Jewish Holocaust did not happen and was largely made up by Jews as part of their plan to gain sympathy and take over the world.According to the textbook,who would be most likely to challenge the professor's views?

A) a Jewish Canadian male student
B) a non-Jewish British female student
C) a Chinese male exchange student
D) a non-Jewish male Canadian student

Question 59

What are functionalist theorists liable to overlook regarding group conformity?

A) the ways that groups work together for the benefit of the system
B) the interdependence between parts of the system
C) the ways that conflict within groups can be beneficial
D) the ways that children are socialized to conform

Question 60

According to the textbook,what type of group places the most pressure on its members to obey their rules?

A) primary groups
B) secondary groups
C) social categories
D) bureaucracies

Question 61

Janet works at an organization that employs 50 people.How many dyadic relationships are possible at her workplace?

A) 50
B) 300
C) 875
D) 1225

Question 62

Darius feels a strong affinity to his alma mater,the university he used to attend before he got his degree.For Darius,what type of group are people who attended his university in this situation?

A) imaginary friends
B) an imagined community
C) the emotional imaginary
D) an imagined social landscape

Question 63

How many dyadic relationships are possible between three individuals?

A) three
B) six
C) nine
D) twelve

Question 64

At the large organization where Josh works,daily directives are issued by the CEO and CFO,despite there being several managers who were supposed to be consulted and have input into the daily operations of the organization.What criticism against bureaucracies is relevant in this case?

A) bureaucratic ritualism
B) bureaucratic inertia
C) oligarchy
D) dehumanization

Question 65

David runs a coffee shop,usually with six employees.He more or less allows these employees to do what they want,when they want,while he is off snowboarding and skiing in various parts of the world. How successful is David's business likely to be?

A) highly successful
B) moderately successful
C) unsuccessful
D) There is no way to tell.

Question 66

How many dyadic relationships are possible between two individuals?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 67

According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter's research on women in organizations during the 1970s,what held women back from entering the top echelons of most organizations?

A) their lack of managerial knowledge
B) policies that discriminated against women as managers
C) their lack of informal networks with men in the organizations
D) their use of informal networks at their organizations for social reasons

Question 68

In a large organization,why is it likely that organization heads (CEOs)often have no idea what is happening on the front lines of their organizations?

A) because most CEOs focus their attention on different kinds of organizational operations.
B) because most employees are not honest about the gap between their organization's mandate and what it actually does
C) because most employees do not know what the real mandate of their organization is, so they do not report information to CEOs in ways that make sense
D) because people who work at the frontline of an organization have little, if any, direct contact with organization CEOs, so information is lost or distorted as it moves upward

Question 69

Norm is a university student who works during the summer at the pulp mill in his hometown.During his first week,he discovered that he could take twice as many samples from the wood chip trucks as he was told by his co-workers; however,when he brought this fact up at work,he was warned not to do this.The regular employees said it would jeopardize them in their work for the whole year.Mimicking research at the Hawthorne plant in Chicago,what does Norm's experience demonstrate?

A) Employees like to keep productivity as low as possible.
B) Social networks among employees regulate output.
C) People will not get promotions at the organization unless they conform to managerial norms.
D) People who overproduce are seen as "keeners" and will lose their jobs because other employees do not like them.

Question 70

The large organization that Josh works for issues each employee a number,has each employee sign in to work via time clock,and never addresses employees by name,only by number.What criticism against bureaucracies is relevant in this case?

A) bureaucratic ritualism
B) bureaucratic inertia
C) oligarchy
D) dehumanization

Question 71

According to the textbook,what type of formal organization is the most widespread and influential?

A) a bureaucracy
B) a network
C) an aggregate
D) a category

Question 72

At the large organization where Josh works,the client base has changed dramatically because more immigrants have moved into the area over the years and their needs differ from the Canadian-born people who used to access services there.What criticism against bureaucracies is relevant in this case?

A) bureaucratic ritualism
B) bureaucratic inertia
C) oligarchy
D) dehumanization

Question 73

David runs a coffee shop with six employees.He more or less allows these employees to do what they want,when they want,while he is off snowboarding and skiing in various parts of the world.What is David's leadership style called?

A) democratic leadership
B) laissez-faire leadership
C) authoritarian leadership
D) informal-relaxed leadership

Question 74

Michaela begs her parents to buy her a particular brand of expensive boots because her friends have been teasing her about the less expensive pair she has been wearing.For Michaela,what type of group are her friends in this situation?

A) a secondary group
B) an out-group
C) a dominant group
D) a reference group

Question 75

What happens when "people who have information lack authority and people who have authority lack information"?

A) Bureaucracies become more hostile.
B) Bureaucracies become more productive.
C) Bureaucracies become more inefficient.
D) Bureaucracies become more creative.

Question 76

The managers in the large organization that Josh works for have all employees fill out so many forms and run them around for signatures to all managers that Josh and his co-workers have little time left each day to serve clients' needs as they were hired to do.What criticism against bureaucracies is relevant in this case?

A) bureaucratic ritualism
B) bureaucratic inertia
C) oligarchy
D) dehumanization

Question 77

According to Weber,what fact counters most people's commonsense notions about bureaucracies?

A) They are ritualistic.
B) They are highly efficient.
C) They are dehumanizing.
D) They are ruled by only a few people.

Question 78

What do we call secondary groups that are formed in order to achieve certain,specific objectives?

A) imaginary landscapes
B) social complexes
C) formal organizations
D) in-group communities

Question 79

How many dyadic relationships are possible between four individuals?

A) two
B) three
C) six
D) nine

Question 80

According to the textbook,what lies at the heart of social interactions that require cooperation?

A) trust
B) competition
C) networking
D) socializing