Deck 23: Independence and Development in the Global South,1914-Present

Question 1

How have the world's religions responded to the secular challenges of global modernity?

Answer 1

Answer would ideally include:
•Rejection of those aspects deemed most threatening to a spiritual life.
•Use of those aspects of modernity (communications, infrastructure, etc.) to spread their message.
•Various expressions of religious fundamentalism that emphasized a return to a "purer" religious faith.
•Violence was sanctioned in some movements, while others emphasized peaceful strategies.

Question 2

What were the major manifestations of what the text calls the globalization of liberation in the world after 1945?

Answer 2

Answer would ideally include:
•The civil rights movement in the United States
•Opposition to communist regimes in Eastern Europe
•Liberation movements in the third world that sought to free their societies from decrepit Western capitalism and a repressive bureaucratic Soviet communism
•The various feminist movements around the world

Question 3

Which image highlights the cultural syncretism that resulted from processes of globalization?

A) Source 23.3
B) Source 23.4
C) Source 23.5
D) Source 23.6

Answer 3

Source 23.5

Question 4

Sources 23.1 and 23.2 both highlight the rise of which country as an economic power in the globalization of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries?

A) The United States
B) Lesotho
C) China
D) Japan

Question 5

Which of the following factors contributed to economic globalization during the twentieth century?

A) Increased labor migration and trade during the Great Depression
B) Technological advances that lowered transportation costs dramatically
C) The elimination of tariffs in the two decades following World War I
D) The rejection by Western powers of the Bretton Woods system

Question 6

Which of the following reflects a neoliberal approach to economic development?

A) Government regulation of the economy
B) Promotion of global equality
C) Privatization of state-run companies
D) Increase in tariffs and taxes

Question 7

Which image criticizes aspects of the global economy by drawing attention to the lack of regulation and oversight of companies?

A) Source 23.2
B) Source 23.3
C) Source 23.4
D) Source 23.5

Question 8

Compare and contrast the feminist movements of the nineteenth century and the second half of the twentieth century.

Question 9

What environmental problems have emerged as a result of human activity?

Question 10

What factors drove economic globalization after World War II?

Question 11

Beginning in the 1960s, which of the following was identified as a key issue in Western feminism by women of color?

A) Gaining the right to vote
B) Promoting cultural imperialism
C) Challenging patriarchal domination
D) Ending racism and poverty

Question 12

What did globalization mean for the people photographed in Source 23.1?

A) Employment
B) Consumerism
C) Materialism
D) Liberation

Question 13

Which of the following has been a contentious issue between the Global North and the Global South since 1945?

A) The shrinking of the middle class
B) The violations of human rights
C) The demands of international feminism
D) The availability of and terms for foreign aid

Question 14

What effect did the Bretton Woods system have on globalization after World War II?

A) It established rules for commercial and financial dealings among major capitalist countries.
B) It placed political controls on the economic activity of countries within the communist bloc.
C) It created processes that made the globalized economy subject to public accountability.
D) It restricted the global movement of capital, increased tariffs, and subsidized state-run enterprises.

Question 15

The photograph in Source 23.6 suggests a connection between electricity and the

A) flow of capital investment.
B) pattern of human migration.
C) degree of environmental protection.
D) level of economic development.

Question 16

Which of the following describes the effect of economic globalization on wealthy nations like the United States?

A) New openings in the global economy contributed to the expansion of the middle class.
B) Jobs in the low-wage service sector declined and jobs in manufacturing sharply increased.
C) A shifting global division of labor resulted in the loss of many manufacturing jobs.
D) Increased total world output diminished income disparities and created economic equality.

Question 17

Which of the following represents a pattern of global migration since the 1960s?

A) The movement of people from developing countries to the industrialized world
B) The movement of people from the Global North to the Global South
C) The movement of people from Latin America and the Caribbean to Europe
D) The movement of people from Europe and North America to Asia and Africa

Question 18

What criticisms have been made by those who oppose the neoliberal model of globalization?

Question 19

What is meant when critics accuse the United States of maintaining an informal empire? How exactly has the United States asserted its influence informally?

Question 20

What specific issues defined the feminist movement in the industrial West after World War II?

Question 21

What do those who speak of a so-called American Empire point to in support of their opinion?

A) American control of the International Criminal Court
B) American control of the United Nations Security Council
C) American economic, military, and cultural influence around the world
D) American territorial possessions in the Caribbean and South Pacific

Question 22

Which of the following represents the use of religion as a basis to fight for social justice, human rights, and the end of poverty?

A) Militant revolutionary fundamentalism
B) The religious edict issued by al-Qaeda
C) Liberation theology
D) Salafi Islam

Question 23

Which of the following describes a sociopolitical implication of global warming in recent decades?

A) The need for international cooperation on environmental issues has led countries to set aside their political differences.
B) The interplay of the effects of climate change and existing social problems generates or exacerbates conflict and upheaval.
C) The United States has used its leadership on environmental issues to spread Christianity and Western civilization throughout the world.
D) The Global North has responded to global warming by adopting isolationist policies and retreating from the global economy.

Question 24

Describing the current era since the Industrial Revolution as the Anthropocene Era calls attention to the

A) psychological trauma caused by wars.
B) lasting impact of human activity on the planet.
C) temporary solutions during times of scarcity.
D) social inequalities generated by economic development.

Question 25

Which of the following describes the relationship between the world's religions and modernity, science, and globalization since 1945?

A) Religion contributed to the scientific and secular focus of global modernity.
B) Religion offered a means to oppose elements of a secular and global modernity.
C) Religion was widely criticized for fostering superstition and ignorance.
D) Religions experienced sharp declines in membership and conversions.

Question 26

In the permissive economic climate of recent decades, transnational corporations frequently relocate their facilities in search of

A) the least restrictive environmental regulations.
B) a highly skilled and university-trained workforce.
C) markets subsidized by the International Monetary Fund.
D) tightening credit markets and inflated housing markets.

Question 27

In contrast to feminists who fought for equal rights, feminists who assumed the task of "women's liberation"

A) demanded more rights for women than men.
B) challenged patriarchy through direct action.
C) emphasized employment and education.
D) preferred political lobbying and legislative reform.

Question 28

Which of the following opposed neoliberal globalization and offered an alternative approach expressed in the slogan "Another world is possible"?

A) New international economic order
B) Bretton Woods system
C) World Trade Organization
D) World Social Forum

Question 29

Which of the following characterizes the response of religious fundamentalism to global modernity?

A) A selective rejection of certain aspects of modernity
B) A wholesale rejection of all aspects of modernity
C) A wholesale embrace of all aspects of modernity
D) A unified movement to destroy all aspects of modernity

Question 30

Which of the following was the original meaning of the phrase "third world"?

A) A global attempt to create "socialism with a human face"
B) A universal struggle for liberation through guerrilla warfare
C) An alternative to Western capitalism and Soviet communism
D) A movement for global justice and equality

Question 31

Which of the following is a feature of religious fundamentalism?

A) Militant piety
B) Human rights
C) Political liberalism
D) Secular humanism

Question 32

Which of the following issues was more central to women's movements in the Global South than in the industrial West?

A) Economic survival
B) Intellectual freedom
C) Universal suffrage
D) Reproductive rights

Question 33

What do the Gulen movement in Turkey and the Amman Message issued in Jordan in 2005 share in common?

A) Both emphasized a literal and dogmatic interpretation of the Quran.
B) Both affirmed violent jihad as a legitimate part of Islamic life.
C) Both defined those who disagreed with them as non-Muslims.
D) Both sought to encourage cross-cultural and inter-religious dialogue.

Question 34

Which of the following highlights the global mobility of capital in the world since 1945?

A) Global justice movement
B) Import substitution industrialization
C) Foreign direct investment
D) Reverse development aid

Question 35

Which of the following is considered a success of the international women's movement?

A) Unity and consensus among those working within global feminism
B) Universal protection of women's reproductive rights
C) Global extension of equal inheritance rights for women
D) International recognition that women's rights are human rights

Question 36

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of environmental movements in the Global South?

A) The role of large national organizations
B) The predominance of the middle class
C) The emphasis on the rights of nature
D) The involvement of poor people

Question 37

Refer to Map 23.2 in the textbook. The map showing the global distribution of McDonald's highlights which aspect of the so-called American Empire?

A) Counterculture
B) Soft power
C) Cultural revolution
D) Grassroots democracy

Question 38

Which of the following reflects a response of African feminists to Western feminism in the 1970s and beyond?

A) They used Western feminism as a weapon to combat colonialism.
B) They incorporated the Western feminist emphasis on individualism.
C) They shared Western feminists' goal of ending female circumcision.
D) They criticized Western feminism as a form of cultural imperialism.

Question 39

Which of the following was a more central issue in environmental movements in developing countries than in the industrial West?

A) Controlling air pollution
B) Securing food supplies
C) Protecting wilderness areas
D) Stopping global warming

Question 40

Which of the following has been a goal of Islamic fundamentalist groups in the Muslim world since the 1970s?

A) To create a distinctly Islamic modernity not dependent on Western ideas
B) To seek an advantage in an American-led economic globalization
C) To introduce innovations in Islamic religious practice
D) To achieve political independence using nonviolent protest tactics

Question 41

What did nineteenth-century strands of environmentalism share in common?

A) They all provoked a global response.
B) They all opposed nuclear energy.
C) None of them had a mass following.
D) None of them criticized industrialization.

Question 42

Which movement in the world today has come to symbolize "one world" thinking?

A) International feminism
B) Economic development
C) Global modernity
D) Global environmentalism

Question 43

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A worldwide scientific consensus that the increased burning of fossil fuels and the loss of trees have begun to change the earth's atmosphere artificially and significantly, causing climate change and leading to possibly catastrophic results if the problem is not addressed.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 44

Which of the following has contributed to the environmental changes of the twentieth century?

A) The explosive increase in the world population
B) The resurgence of fundamentalism as a response to modernity
C) The expansion of the service industry in the industrial West
D) The emergence of alternative models of globalization

Question 45

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Occurring within all the major world religions, it is a self-proclaimed return to the basics of a religion and is marked by a militant piety and exclusivism.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 46

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Women's rights movement that revived in the 1960s with a different agenda than earlier women's suffrage movements; the movement's proponents demanded equal rights for women in employment and education, women's right to control their own bodies, and the end of patriarchal domination.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 47

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The leader of al-Qaeda (1957-2011), a wealthy Saudi who turned to militant fundamentalism.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 48

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Fundamentalist Hindu movement that became politically important in India in the 1980s by advocating a distinct Hindu identity and decrying government efforts to accommodate other faith groups.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 49

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Major international movement that protests the development of the global economy on the grounds that it makes the rich richer and keeps poor regions in poverty while exploiting their labor and environments; the movement burst onto the world stage in 1999 with massive protests at a meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 50

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Twentieth-century movement to preserve the natural world in the face of spiraling human ability to alter the world environment.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 51

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
International organization of fundamentalist Islamic militants, headed by Osama bin Laden.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
He was an Argentine-born revolutionary (1928-1967) who waged guerrilla war in an effort to remedy Latin America's and Africa's social and economic ills.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 53

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Growing disparity between industrialized and developing countries that appears to be exacerbated by current world trade practices.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Environmental activist (1907-1964) whose book Silent Spring (1962) is credited with launching the American environmental movement.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 55

How has the world since 1945 been bound together more tightly but also more contentiously?

Question 56

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Large number of movements that promote a return to strict adherence to the Quran and the sharia in opposition to key elements of Western culture.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 57

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Huge global businesses that produce goods or deliver services simultaneously in many countries.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The quickening of global economic transactions after World War II, which resulted in total world output returning to the levels established before the Great Depression and moving beyond them.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 59

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
An approach to the world economy, developed in the 1970s, that favored reduced tariffs, the free movement of capital, a mobile and temporary workforce, the privatization of industry, and the curtailing of government efforts to regulate the economy.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 60

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Sweeping series of reforms instituted by communist leader Alexander Dubcek in Czechoslovakia in 1968; the movement was subsequently crushed by a Soviet invasion.

A)neoliberalism
B)reglobalization
C)transnational corporations
D)North/South gap
E)anti-globalization
F)Prague Spring
G)Che Guevara
H)second-wave feminism
I)fundamentalism
J)Hindutva
K)Islamic renewal
L)Osama bin Laden
M)al-Qaeda
N)global warming
O)environmentalism
P)Rachel Carson

Question 61

Historical Comparison: Compare the feminist and environmentalist movements in the twentieth century.

Question 62

Personal Reflection: Do you feel that the greatest divide in the world at the opening of the twenty-first century lay between the Global North and the Global South? If not, what other divide(s) do you see as more important?