Deck 18: Health and Aging

Question 1

According to the text,what percent of all cancers can be attributed to genes by themselves?

A) 5 to 10 percent
B) 10 to 15 percent
C) 15 to 20 percent
D) 20 to 25 percent

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Aboriginal populations show higher disability levels and tend to experience more suffering from chronic illnesses than non-Aboriginal populations do.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Many sociologists argue that privatization and profitization is necessary to support a health-care system that will be appropriate for an aging society.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to the most common usage,the term "older adults" is referencing those aged 75 and older.

Question 5

Simon makes a point of visiting his great-grandparents,Boris and Olga,every week to do some household chores that they are no longer capable of doing because they're in their late 80s.He routinely enquires about their health and has noticed a difference in the responses they each offer.According to the text,what would he most likely be noticing?

A) Boris is extremely less healthy than Olga is.
B) Olga complains about her heart problems,and Boris suffers greatly from allergies.
C) Boris has extreme difficulty doing any physical activity,and Olga is as spry as she was two decades earlier.
D) Olga talks about her bad back and high blood pressure,Boris about his diabetes regimen.

Question 6

What distinguishes our era from earlier periods is that today we have more health problems and live shorter lives.

Question 7

An elderly woman lives next to a house that is rented to university students.When the students move out,a middle-aged man rents the house.A few days after he moves in,he says good morning to his senior neighbour.The elderly woman tells the man how nice it is to talk to a neighbour for once,because the previous tenants dismissed each of her attempts to have a conversation.What term best describes the elderly person's treatment by the younger tenants?

A) discrimination
B) ageism
C) prejudice
D) sexism

Question 8

In general,while for-profit health care systems tend to be more costly for governments,they tend to be less costly for service users.

Question 9

A life course perspective emphasizes the effects of later life events for an understanding of health differences.

Question 10

The reason for little governmental policy that focuses on providing home care services for the elderly is that personalized home care is more expensive than maintaining seniors in nursing homes.

Question 11

For-profit health care tends to be more expensive than universal health care.

Question 12

An emphasis on lifestyle factors to explain health inequalities has been criticized for "blaming the victims" of inequality for its effects.

Question 13

What characterizes informal care giving of the elderly?

A) The contributors are primarily sons.
B) It consists mostly of men aiding their wives.
C) It is usually provided by wives,then daughters.
D) It is paid for by the children of the elderly.

Question 14

It is not just poverty that is bad for health,but inequality in general.

Question 15

In a recent Canadian study on health changes over a three-year period among adults ages 50 and over,it was found that the likelihood of remaining in good health was greater for those men and women in the highest educational and income groups.

Question 16

Health inequalities in Canada have been on the decline as a result of the introduction of a universal health-care system.

Question 17

A researcher finds evidence that the perception of a person's social location and the concerns arising from feeling "less than" others is a bigger factor in determining long-term health outcomes than other things such as individual lifestyle choices.What term is used to describe this perspective?

A) premature mortality hypothesis
B) multiple jeopardy hypothesis
C) hierarchy stress perspective
D) cessation of morbidity perspective

Question 18

The main reason for the increasing proportion of seniors in the population is a decline in fertility rates.

Question 19

It is projected that by 2036,one-quarter of the Canadian population will be over the age of 64.

Question 20

In 1920,Canadian men lived to around age 60.

Question 21

Omar is an 88-year-old man living alone,whose family lives nearby and checks on him frequently.There are weekly Sunday meals at Omar's house that include his children,his grandchildren,and his great-grandchildren.Which concept best explains Omar's vitality?

A) modified extended family
B) life expectancy syndrome
C) familial connection hypothesis
D) compression of morbidity hypothesis

Question 22

Which of the following is demonstrated by the fact that health risks are always unevenly distributed in a population based on social class,gender,age,ethnicity,and rural-urban residence?

A) Certain populations have genetic predispositions to disease while others do not.
B) Health and disease are biologically based.
C) Disease and health are randomly attributed to people.
D) Social forces shape susceptibility to disease and health.

Question 23

People who need to see a physiotherapist on a referral from their doctor can wait to see one for free at a hospital.However,many people who have private health insurance or who can afford it go to a clinic and pay cash for their services.What is the term for the health care offered at the clinic?

A) insurance-sponsored service
B) privatized service
C) cost-recovery service
D) clinical service

Question 24

Which statement describes the idea that seniors in modern-day Western societies are abandoned by their families?

A) It is a trend.
B) It is a fact.
C) It is overstated.
D) It is a myth.

Question 25

A group of health-care professionals in a community all run their own private clinics,and would like to see the government sell the local hospital to them;they claim they can run it more efficiently and make a profit.If they are successful,which term would best describe this scenario?

A) profitization
B) medicalization
C) privatization
D) entrepreneurship

Question 26

When determinants of health pertaining to individual behaviour are identified as causes of negative health consequences,who or what gets blamed?

A) person
B) environment
C) fast-food corporations
D) health system

Question 27

What are the services that make up home care?

A) nursing,physiotherapy,and housekeeping services
B) in-home visits by physicians paid for by the government
C) in-home visits by dentists and dental hygienists
D) services such as home making,provided just because you are old

Question 28

What have sociologists said about attempts to explain social inequalities in health,when comparing them with individually chosen lifestyle behaviours,such as diet and exercise?

A) Sociologists hypothesize that advances in medicine are improving everyone's health.
B) Sociologists agree that lifestyle choices are major determinants of one's health.
C) Sociologists suggest that an individual's genetic makeup is more important to health outcomes.
D) Sociologists suggest that social inequalities are more important than lifestyle choices.

Question 29

When did the Canadian government pass the Medical Care Act,which offered to cost share one-half of provincial and territorial costs for medical services provided by a doctor outside of a hospital?

A) 1957
B) 1966
C) 1972
D) 1977

Question 30

How does the average life expectancy of Aboriginal adults compare to that of other Canadians?

A) It is 6 years longer.
B) It is 6 years shorter.
C) It is 15 years longer.
D) It is 15 years shorter.

Question 31

Yvette was a smoker early in her life;however,research showed that smoking increased her risk of lung cancer.She quit and has been a nonsmoker for 30 years.What term describes Yvette's experience?

A) informed decision perspective
B) societal change perspective
C) life course perspective
D) rational choice perspective

Question 32

How is Canada's Medicare system described in your text?

A) publicly financed health care through self-employed physicians
B) as the world's leading example of totally socialized medical care
C) run solely by the federal government,which guarantees coverage
D) includes only physician services and prescription medications

Question 33

Which statement best describes the Canadian health care system?

A) Many Canadians travel to the U.S.in order to receive expensive treatments.
B) Each province and territory in Canada is responsible for the delivery of healthcare services.
C) Canadian physicians are salaried employees of the provincial health plans.
D) Canadian physicians are allowed to "balance bill" patients for certain high-cost procedures.

Question 34

Tuija is a 67-year-old woman living with constant pain caused by inflammation in her fingers and toes.She self-medicates with over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication (taken as recommended)and lives with her condition.What term best describes her ailment?

A) natural aging
B) chronic condition
C) functional disability
D) self-diagnosis

Question 35

From a sociological perspective,how do social inequalities lead to poorer health in disadvantaged groups?

A) The disadvantaged have inadequate diets and they exercise less than others.
B) The disadvantaged have lower incomes and poorer material living conditions.
C) The disadvantaged tend to smoke and drink more than others.
D) The disadvantaged do not seek the medical advice they need when they are ill.

Question 36

According to your text,which term best describes the fact that most people,most of the time,are personally concerned with looking after themselves?

A) self-help
B) self-care
C) self-efficacy
D) self-reliance

Question 37

What are the major areas of inquiry for sociologists of health and aging?

A) seniors' sense of accomplishment
B) the negative aspects or problems of old age
C) seniors' reflections on their children's lives
D) loss of self-esteem among the elderly

Question 38

What is the predominant form of health care in Canada?

A) self-care and informal care
B) care from doctors,clinics,and hospitals
C) bureaucratic and institutional
D) in-home nursing care,paid for by families

Question 39

Two friends are discussing aging and disability,when the one says,"Look,I don't care who you are,Bill Gates or a bag lady,the longer you live,the more likely you are to get sick." Which of hypothesis best matches this argument?

A) age as leveller
B) compression of morbidity
C) functional disability
D) hierarchy stress

Question 40

Who are the gatekeepers of the Canadian health-care system?

A) doctors
B) government officials
C) hospital bureaucrats
D) pharmaceutical companies

Question 41

Which of the following regions has the greatest life expectancy?

A) Southeast Asia
B) North America
C) Southern Europe
D) Western Africa

Question 42

An elderly woman had an accident with her car.The woman's doctor met with her,at her daughter's insistence,and consequently the elderly woman's driving privileges were suspended.Later,the daughter learned that her mother's car was part of a recall for a mechanical defect that might have caused the accident.What term best describes the circumstances in this case?

A) ageing
B) dementia
C) medicalization
D) Alzheimer's

Question 43

Darma is 80-years-old and living on a very tight budget;she cannot afford to travel.Leonard is also 80 and has a generous pension so he can afford to travel.However,he suffers from terrible arthritis,so he is unable to travel.According to your text,what could explain Darma and Leonard's similar ends?

A) multiple jeopardy hypothesis
B) age as leveller hypothesis
C) leisure selection hypothesis
D) ageism hypothesis

Question 44

Two people suffer from insomnia.One joins a yoga class to relax as a treatment for insomnia,while the second person goes to a doctor and gets sleeping pills.Which statement best describes the attitude of the second person?

A) Insomnia is a stress-related condition.
B) Insomnia is a genetic disorder.
C) Insomnia has been medicalized.
D) Insomnia is a psychological problem.

Question 45

According to the textbook,differences in rates of health problems and mortality can be explained by the strong association between education and what other factor?

A) mental health
B) income
C) urbanization
D) intelligence

Question 46

At the age of 68,Edith is diagnosed with diabetes and her husband,Archie,ensures that she takes her medication and eats properly.He takes her to the necessary doctor appointments.When Archie dies,which of the following individuals would most likely be tending to Edith's health needs?

A) her daughter Sally
B) her son Michael
C) her brother Randy
D) her sister Ethel

Question 47

Prem Gupta,like many people coming to Canada recently,belongs to a group of people who are less likely to have chronic diseases.Which of the following describes the effect of this trend?

A) recent immigrant effect
B) Indian immigrant effect
C) Asian immigrant effect
D) healthy immigrant effect

Question 48

Which statement most accurately describes trends in health?

A) Black male seniors have more chronic conditions than all other groups.
B) More senior men than women suffer from chronic conditions.
C) More senior women than men suffer from chronic conditions.
D) There are no clear trends about health related to social condition.

Question 49

Kevin,a middle-aged man,takes scrupulously good care of himself and says he wants to live to a ripe old age and burn like an incandescent light bulb: it functions at 100 percent capacity then suddenly "flames out." Which term best describes what Kevin is talking about?

A) compression of morbidity hypothesis
B) age as leveller hypothesis
C) morbidity-delayed hypothesis
D) multiple jeopardy hypothesis

Question 50

Fernanda is a doctor in Ontario.According to your text,when her patient Manuel visits her office,what kind of space is Manuel entering?

A) political
B) socialized
C) public
D) private

Question 51

Darien is adamantly opposed to privatizing the healthcare system in Canada.When asked the reason for his stance,which of the following would he offer?

A) It will result in inequality of access to healthcare.
B) It will result in a decline in the quality of healthcare services.
C) It will result in longer waits for those with a higher socioeconomic status.
D) It will result in fewer jobs for those in the healthcare profession.

Question 52

According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information (2011),how many adults over the age of 64 has some form of dementia?

A) about 1 in 4
B) about 1 in 7
C) about 1 in 11
D) about 1 in 20

Question 53

Which of the following is characteristic of home care in Canada?

A) Home care poses risks to the elderly because care providers are not professionals.
B) Home care is an integral part of medicare and a foundational health-care strategy.
C) Home care allows seniors to remain independent while living in their own homes.
D) Home care costs more than nursing homes because of its individualized service model.

Question 54

Jimmy is a poorly paid groundskeeper,who works at least 10 hours of overtime every week spraying pesticides on massive lawns in the upscale neighbourhoods of his city.After work,he grabs a meal at a fast-food restaurant that he takes home and eats in front of the television,all the while thinking of how easy life must be for the people whose lawns he looks after.Which perspective would Jimmy exemplify?

A) hierarchy stress
B) education
C) self-care
D) exploited worker

Question 55

How do the costs of private health care compare to the costs of universal public health care?

A) Private health care tends to be more affordable.
B) Private health care is more expensive.
C) The costs for both are about the same.
D) The cost differences remain undetermined.

Question 56

At the dinner table,conversation focused on Canada's recent government proposal to increase immigration numbers.Robert's father was opposed,stating "They're just going to be a drain on our healthcare system." Robert interjected that they will probably be healthier than a number of Canadian-born citizens.Why would Robert assert this?

A) Potential immigrants are more interested in holistic medicine than organized healthcare.
B) Immigrants tend to have overall healthier lifestyles.
C) Immigrants generally come from countries with healthcare systems superior to that found in Canada.
D) Potential immigrants must meet a minimum health standard prior to being allowed into Canada.

Question 57

What is a likely consequence of abolishing mandatory retirement?

A) There will be a greater burden on Canada's health-care system.
B) Even though retirement is no longer mandatory,people will still retire before age 65.
C) More people will be employed into their 70s and 80s.
D) Longer working careers will cause people to live longer lives.

Question 58

In terms of immigration and health,which of the following is a policy of the Canadian government?

A) Potential immigrants must meet a minimum standard of health before they will be admitted.
B) Immigrants who are ill will be admitted only if they can pay for their own treatment upon arrival in Canada.
C) Immigrants must have a family medical history of no health issues.
D) Only immigrants who have health problems that cannot be treated in their home country will be admitted.

Question 59

Several years ago,the province of Alberta contracted with an organization called Networc Health to provide knee,foot,and ankle surgeries.It was the only organization outside the Alberta Health Authority's government-run medical facilities to provide any surgical services.What term best describes Alberta's agreement with Networc Health?

A) contracting
B) privatization
C) outsourcing
D) rationalization

Question 60

According to your text,what term describes the study of human population size,characteristics,structure,and distribution,and how these change over time?

A) gerontology
B) demography
C) phrenology
D) cartography

Question 61

As a person ages,he or she may develop a problem such as tinnitus,a constant ringing or buzzing in the ear related to hearing loss or ear damage.Which term best describes this situation?

A) persistent symptoms
B) medical condition
C) hearing loss
D) chronic condition

Question 62

Barbara celebrated her 85th birthday by swimming 85 laps at the pool,followed with an open-house party for her extended family and friends.She was quite dismayed when she experienced many of the younger people treating her as if she were senile,even though she is as mentally alert as ever.What does this illustrate?

A) interpersonal antagonism
B) medicalization
C) ageism
D) the life course perspective

Question 63

Who are the gatekeepers to the healthcare system in Canada?

A) Ministry of Health officers
B) Canadian Medical Association
C) hospital directors
D) physicians

Question 64

What is Canada's health care system called?

A) Medicaid
B) Med-assist
C) Medicalization
D) Medicare

Question 65

Gerald is 75 years old.His daughter visits him every day,cooking meals,cleaning,and visiting.Gerald sometimes gets upset with his daughter because she treats him like he is an invalid,unable to care for himself.Which point of view has Gerald's daughter taken toward her father?

A) pity
B) mothering
C) ageism
D) dependent

Question 66

Maggie is an 85-year-old senior who needs a walker to get around her apartment;she can't bathe herself,clean,or cook meals.How would her lifestyle be categorized?

A) functionally disabled
B) physically disabled
C) critically disabled
D) chronically disabled

Question 67

Andrea argues that impoverished First Nations women experience a triple jeopardy in their risk for diabetes.What is Andrea using as the basis for her argument?

A) medicalization theory
B) intersectionality hypothesis
C) mental health perspective
D) feminist theory

Question 68

Shen is 80 years old and came from China to Canada three years ago.He has noticed that the Canadians he meets at the senior's centre seem to have more health problems than he does,even though he is older than most of them.How might Shen's relatively good health be explained?

A) healthy immigrant effect
B) ethnic factor
C) new immigrant hypothesis
D) Asian longevity quotient

Question 69

Sam is the manager of a large department store.When he needs to hire new staff,he avoids hiring people over the age of 60 because he believes they cannot handle the strain and they take a very long time to learn the job.What is Sam's belief known as?

A) narrow-mindedness
B) chauvinism
C) preconception
D) ageism

Question 70

Which statement best describes life expectancies?

A) Men and women have roughly the same life expectancies.
B) Married men tend to live longer than unmarried women.
C) Men tend to live longer than women.
D) Women tend to live longer than men.

Question 71

In 2004,who was named The Greatest Canadian of all time by voters across Canada,in large part due to his tireless efforts to ensure that every Canadian had access to quality health care,regardless of their economic or social situation?

A) Lester B.Pearson
B) John Diefenbaker
C) Joey Smallwood
D) Tommy Douglas

Question 72

What is the purpose of the Canada Health Act?

A) to ensure that hospital care is provided for all Canadian residents
B) to provide health care services for those who can pay for the services
C) to provide for socialized medicine in Canada
D) to ensure that residents of provinces and territories have access to necessary health care

Question 73

A middle-aged man is strict about his diet,exercise,and rest because he is planning to live a long and vital life,followed by a quick death.What hypothesis would support this notion?

A) compression of morbidity hypothesis
B) premature mortality hypothesis
C) multiple jeopardy hypothesis
D) age as leveller hypothesis

Question 74

Eduardo spent his early life eating a high-fat diet,not exercising,and getting obese,which led to a severe stroke in his mid-50s.He is now confined to wheelchair,with a short-term prognosis of more strokes.Which theory best explains Eduardo's condition?

A) life course perspective
B) age as leveller hypothesis
C) hierarchy stress perspective
D) life-expectancy model

Question 75

Ivan,age 55,treats himself for a variety of minor chronic complaints,and he consults with doctors,physiotherapists,massage therapists,and nutritionists.What term describes what Ivan is doing?

A) self-improvement
B) self-care
C) self-preservation
D) self-awareness

Question 76

Every Sunday,Ruth sorts her pills: one for her heart,one for arthritis,one for diabetes,one for high blood pressure,several to counteract the side effects of the prescribed medicines,and vitamins to prevent other health issues.Which phenomenon associated with old age is related to taking all these pills?

A) reduced independence
B) incapacitation
C) drug dependency
D) medicalization

Question 77

A middle-aged Aboriginal woman living beside a river,downstream from a paper mill,has asthma and osteoporosis.Which hypothesis best describes this woman's risk of ailment?

A) multiple illness
B) multiple jeopardy
C) chronic lifestyle
D) chronic conditions

Question 78

What percentage of the genetic mutations leading to cancer is caused by environmental factors?

A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90

Question 79

For her term paper on the health of seniors,Gisele has decided to approach her research using a life course perspective.What will she be investigating?

A) the belief that aging is primarily a woman's issue
B) the ability of the elderly to engage in activities
C) how society treats people who are approaching the end of life
D) the connections between individuals and the socioeconomic context in which they have lived

Question 80

Leanne,a 67-year-old woman,is considering retirement from her 30-year career as a cardiac surgeon.She has invested wisely and has amassed a healthy bank account and a number of investment properties.According to research findings,which statement would best apply to Leanne?

A) Her life expectancy would be roughly the same as that of a 67-year-old Aboriginal woman.
B) Her life expectancy would be longer than that of persons who have not experienced the advantages that she has.
C) Her life expectancy will be less than that of her husband.
D) She faces a greater possibility of being institutionalized in a long-term-care facility if she becomes functionally disabled.