Deck 20: A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

Question 1

The development of the Internet has given rise to a new meaning for the expression:

A)"one world."
B)"global culture."
C)"world culture."
D)"global village."
E)"small world."

Answer 1

"global village."

Question 2

The "neoliberal" economics of the 1970s stressed:

A)budget deficits and free markets with restraints on profit incentives and social welfare programs.
B)free markets and social welfare programs with restraints on budget deficits.
C)profit incentives and social welfare programs with restraints on budget deficits and free markets.
D)profit incentives and budget deficits with restraints on social welfare programs.
E)free markets and profit incentives with restraints on budget deficits and social welfare programs.

Answer 2

free markets and profit incentives with restraints on budget deficits and social welfare programs.

Question 3

By the 1990s,the most ambitious medical research project undertaken was:

A)a worldwide commitment to seek a cure for all forms of cancer.
B)the Human Genome project to map the architecture of human DNA.
C)the search for a cure for all MSCs of influenza.
D)a final push to eradicate smallpox and tuberculosis from the world.
E)the failed attempt to eliminate cholera from the industrial world.

Answer 3

the Human Genome project to map the architecture of human DNA.

Question 4

To what does the term postcolonial refer?

A)Diplomatic efforts by the superpowers to play the interests of newly independent states off those of their former colonizers.
B)The vehement nationalism of independence movements in Europe's Asian colonies.
C)The many legacies of colonial rule,which have extended well beyond independence.
D)The emergence of political and cultural philosophies rejecting the legacies of colonialism.
E)The decade following independence when a new nation establishes itself economically.

Question 5

By the late twentieth century,health officials' worries that a disease would spread to epidemic proportions much more quickly due to accelerated rates of travel were confirmed by:

A)SIDS.
B)AIDS.
C)SARS.
D)TARRS.
E)TARP.

Question 6

How were South African politics decisively transformed in and after 1990?

A)By the brutal spillover of civil wars in neighboring Angola and Zaire.
B)By the dramatic example of Rhodesia's transition to minority rule as Zimbabwe.
C)By the return to the politics of apartheid that had been eliminated in the 1960s.
D)By the cumulative economic effects of sanctions imposed on South Africa by the United States and the Commonwealth during the 1980s.
E)By the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela and the legalization of the African National Congress.

Question 7

Globalization has generated discussions concerning all of the following except:

A)the nature of citizenship.
B)transnational corporation accountability.
C)the environment.
D)the human cost involved in globalization.
E)the legitimacy of national self-determination.

Question 8

Although many countries suffered from declining populations in the late twentieth century,the country that took a very sudden and potentially dangerous move in this direction was:

A)Finland.
B)the Soviet Union.
C)Great Britain.
D)Germany.
E)the United States.

Question 9

Demographic studies indicate that the world's population is:

A)growing rapidly in North America and Europe while shrinking elsewhere.
B)growing rapidly on all continents with isolated pockets of shrinkage.
C)shrinking in North America and Europe while rapidly expanding elsewhere.
D)generally shrinking with isolated pockets of growth.
E)steadily increasing at a fairly constant rate across all continents.

Question 10

A central aspect of globalization since 1970 has been the:

A)rapid integration of commercial and financial markets.
B)rapid expansion of technology to every corner of the world.
C)population explosion,which created a vast pool of unskilled labors in the Third World.
D)free flow of labor,particularly between former colonies and imperial powers.
E)free flow of information that has allowed for the decrease in political tensions.

Question 11

One of the major influences in the postcolonial world prior to 1990 was:

A)the availability of capital to develop a country's native industries.
B)a declining birthrate among the developing countries.
C)denial of European markets to their emerging industries.
D)full support by the old colonial powers in their colony's development.
E)the Cold War with its attendant superpower patronage.

Question 12

The term liquid modernity refers to:

A)the uncertainty of life in the twenty-first century.
B)rapid advances made in medical science toward the end of the twentieth century.
C)the relative free flow of people,money,and ideas around the world.
D)paintings by Salvador Dali and the surrealist school.
E)monetary policy set by the World Bank to allow currency values to float relative to each other.

Question 13

Although there is a sharp divide between the most successful global players and the poorer,disadvantaged states and cultures,the poorer states have been able to respond to a very profitable market in the West in one area of manufacture,that of:

A)illegal drugs.
B)steel.
C)software.
D)motion pictures.
E)pharmaceuticals.

Question 14

By the turn of the twenty-first century,the largest heavy industrial producer in the world was:

A)China.
B)Germany.
C)Japan.
D)Russia.
E)the United States.

Question 15

The two nations that led the world in their economic recovery following World War II were:

A)France and Great Britain.
B)Germany and France.
C)Germany and Japan.
D)Japan and Great Britain.
E)France and Japan.

Question 16

"Globalization" and "internationalization" are not synonymous,as globalization can occur:

A)only between countries with a common language and culture.
B)quite independently of national control.
C)between two or more groups of people,but only in the cultural realm.
D)only under the control of established nation-states.
E)only within a single geographical area.

Question 17

During the economic prosperity of the 1980s in the Pacific Rim,many countries treated the creation of general economic wealth and prosperity as:

A)a patriotic duty.
B)the right of the wealthiest citizens.
C)the province of private industry.
D)an obligation of the government.
E)an opportunity for all people.

Question 18

The post-World War II arrangements reached by the Allies at Bretton Woods steadily eroded in the late 1960s and effectively ended in 1971,when the United States:

A)refused to endorse the establishment of the World Bank.
B)defaulted on a loan it had guaranteed through the International Monetary Fund.
C)withdrew from membership in NATO following France's lead.
D)withdrew its support for the financial policies of the G-7 countries.
E)abandoned the postwar gold standard and allowed the dollar to range freely.

Question 19

In 1990,Saddam Hussein attempted to restore Iraq's influence and prestige by invading its neighbor:

A)Syria.
B)Kuwait.
C)Iran.
D)Afghanistan.
E)Pakistan.

Question 20

One of the greatest advancements in medical research in the late twentieth century was the:

A)development of a vaccine against most viruses.
B)eradication of most forms of early infant mortality.
C)invention of the electron microscope.
D)development of genetic engineering.
E)eradication of typhus throughout the world.

Question 21

The terrorist organization al Qaeda was created by Islamic military leaders who had fought against a foreign occupation of:

A)Pakistan.
B)Uzbekistan.
C)Iran.
D)Iraq.
E)Afghanistan.

Question 22

The Iran-Iraq war was the result,at least indirectly,of:

A)rapidly rising oil prices.
B)the defeat of the Iranian revolution by the shah.
C)the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
D)a failed invasion of Kuwait by Iraq.
E)the end of the Cold War.

Question 23

One purpose used to justify the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 was the Iraqi program to develop weapons of mass destruction-primarily biological and nuclear-and the fear that such weapons would be given to terrorist groups.Although no such weapons were found,a similar threat from nuclear weapons remains present in:

A)North Korea.
B)Afghanistan.
C)Myanmar.
D)Yemen.
E)Somalia.

Question 24

The Israeli leader who negotiated the 1978 peace accord was:

A)Menachem Begin.
B)Ariel Sharon.
C)David ben Gurion.
D)Yitzhak Rabin.
E)Benjamin Netanyahu.

Question 25

The Mujahidin were religious fighters who gained their reputation in fighting against:

A)the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
B)the United States in Afghanistan.
C)the British in India.
D)France in Indochina.
E)Iran in the Iran-Iraq war.

Question 26

Several international organizations have been founded to monitor the rights of individuals,and among these is:

A)Amnesty International.
B)Greenpeace International.
C)Reporters sans Frontières.
D)the Sierra Club.
E)Médecins sans Frontières.

Question 27

In the mid-1970s,a long recessionary period in Western economies was triggered by:

A)a collapse of U.S.stock market prices,which was second only to the Crash of 1929.
B)an oil embargo inspired by hardliners among the oil-producing states.
C)a spike in the wholesale price index in the United States.
D)a series of poor harvests in the United States,Western Europe,and the Soviet Union.
E)the collapse of the gold market that resulted in the devaluing of the world's currencies.

Question 28

On September 11,2001,one of the new terrorist organizations,_________,carried out an attack on the symbolic seat of "globalization," the United States.

A)al-Sistani
B)al-Quds
C)al Qaeda
D)al-Taliban
E)al-Zawahri

Question 29

The contemporary language of human rights is anchored in a tradition of political thought that reaches back to the political philosophy of:

A)Karl Marx.
B)Giuseppe Mazzini.
C)Thomas Jefferson.
D)Edmund Burke.
E)John Locke.

Question 30

Many of the oil-producing countries of the world organized themselves into a cartel to regulate the production and the pricing of oil: this cartel is called the:

A)Organization of Oil Producing Countries (OOPC).
B)Oil Producing Countries United (OPCU).
C)Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
D)Petroleum Producing Countries United (PPCU).
E)Association of Petroleum Exporting Countries (APEC).

Question 31

The recent global economic crisis has sparked new debates in the past few years that have centered on a belief in:

A)free market capitalism.
B)self-regulating markets.
C)private home ownership.
D)centralized national banks.
E)government economic planning.

Question 32

By the 1970s,the driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes was:

A)the Cementer,or Fourth Communist International,which had gained a great many followers among the poor in the Middle East.
B)the group of intellectuals and middle-class businesspeople who had been inspired by the United States and its stand against communism.
C)the Palestine Liberation Organization under Yasser Arafat and its struggle against Israel.
D)an emerging form of radical Islam,which wanted to see the establishment of religious states.
E)the example set by the Democratic-Islamic of Iran that sent its students to universities throughout the Arab world.

Question 33

Since 1987,Palestinians living in Gaza and the West Bank have been carrying on a low-level fight against the Israeli security forces.This is known as the:

A)Mujahidin.
B)Al-Quds.
C)Quemoy.
D)Intifada.
E)al Fatah.

Question 34

Political Islam during the 1960s:

A)under the leadership of Gamal Nasser became the core of a powerful movement In Iran.
B)fostered a limited economic and political partnership with Western nations.
C)supported Reza Pahlavi as shah of Iraq in his war against the Shi'ite.
D)had little effect upon the democratic rule of Egypt under president Hosni Mubarak.
E)claimed the roots of the Arab's world's moral failure lay in centuries of colonial contact with the West.

Question 35

In the postcolonial world of the 1960s,many in the Islamic world,led by the cleric _________,laid the blame for the moral failure of the Arab world at the feet of the West and centuries of colonial contact.

A)Osama bin Laden
B)Ayman al-Zawahri
C)Raiay ak-Henaten
D)Sayyid Qutb
E)Sayyid al Sistani

Question 36

The Middle East has drawn more attention in recent years due to all of the following reasons except:

A)the Arab-Israeli conflict.
B)the creation of OPEC.
C)radical Islamic organizations like al Qaeda.
D)Iraq's Islamic Revolution.
E)the invasion of Kuwait.

Question 37

Ethnic conflicts that had been dampened for some time were reignited in the 1990s in Indonesia due to:

A)a rapid increase in its standard of living.
B)inflation and unemployment.
C)the conversion of most of the population to Catholicism.
D)prosperity and violent state repression.
E)Christian missionary activity.

Question 38

The Islamic cleric,the Ayatollah _________,stepped into the 1979 power vacuum in Iran left by the resignation of the Western-friendly shah.

A)Bashir Gemayel
B)Sayyid al Sistani
C)Shlomo Argov
D)Yitzhak Rabin
E)Ruhollah Khomeini

Question 39

Although an attempt was made following World War I to safeguard individuals against nation-states,nothing was accomplished until the United Nations published the:

A)Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
B)Universal Proclamation on Human Rights.
C)Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Responsibilities.
D)Universal Proclamation of Human Liberty.
E)Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Question 40

A Western friendly leader installed during a military coup of 1953 supported by Britain and the United States:

A)Gamal Nasser.
B)Sayyid Qut.
C)Reza Pahlavi.
D)Ruhdlah Khomeini.
E)Hosni Mubarak.

Question 41

The United States was one of several Western powers to support and aid Saddam Hussein in the war against Iran.

Question 42

The European Union:

A)maintained a constant money flow to fund construction on developing nations.
B)allowed member nations independence in setting refinancing on capital loans.
C)failed to understand the risks of lending money to developing economies.
D)created many opportunities for new funding revenue to support pensions and health care.
E)failed to allow Britain to remain a member due to Britain's minimal economy growth rate.

Question 43

Rwanda was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo in order to distance itself from the atrocities committed in that country between the Hutus and the Tutsis.

Question 44

The powers of the Pacific Rim were given the nickname "the Tigers" for their aggressive economic policies and ability to "pounce" upon open contracts for Western goods due to their cheap labor.

Question 45

In 1979,militant students stormed the American embassy in Iran,taking fifty-two hostages.The deaths of the hostages during the negotiation process resulted in a policy on non-negotiation for all future hostage situations.

Question 46

All are correct statement's about the Internet Revolution except:

A)offered ethnic minorities worldwide audiences through online campaigns.
B)witnessed a new commercial and cultural importance attached to information itself.
C)electronic technologies provided new worldwide platforms for commercial Interests.
D)offered new possibilities to social and political groups,constituting new "publics."
E)unique in its informational volume,did not shared features of earlier print revolutions.

Question 47

Al Qaeda was created by the leaders of the Mujahidin.

Question 48

Persistent fears about such groups as al Qaeda include all except:

A)their increasing power and availability of weapons.
B)Iraq might transfer weapons to apocalyptic terrorists.
C)western superpowers feared their inability to maintain a nuclear balance of power.
D)terrorists might mount new attacks similar to those on New York and Washington on 9-11.
E)an alliance of support from the Soviet Union for conducting air strikes.

Question 49

Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim country with a long tradition of tolerance and pluralism inside the faith.

Question 50

All are correct of Iran's new government of 1979 except:

A)declared as an enemy against its Shi'ite enemies in neighboring nations.
B)some economic and political populism combined with strict Islamic law.
C)fear of U.S.invention led to militant students storming the U.S.embassy.
D)condemned decades of Western influence and the Shah's oppression.
E)was invaded by its traditional enemy Iraq in the 1980s.

Question 51

Poorer postcolonial regions have found a profitable market in the West through the adoption of illegal forms of commerce.

Question 52

Globalization is not a new concept;it has merely reached a new stage.

Question 53

The reclamation of Hong Kong from the British in 1997 was part of a plan to establish semicapitalist commercial zones around major cities in China.

Question 54

Since the 1990s,international efforts to coordinate a response to climate change focused on a UN sponsored agreement known as:

A)the Geneva Accords.
B)the Copenhagen Agreement.
C)the Paris Accord.
D)the Global Summit.
E)the Kyoto Protocol.

Question 55

Many young Palestinians turned away from the secular PLO to radical Islam in anger over their elders' failures to provoke revolution and end the continued stalemate in Israel.

Question 56

Global health in the twentieth century:

A)was a struggle to balance guarantees of social well-being with fiscal and political realities.
B)witnessed a slight increase in young child mortality and childbearing women.
C)between 1800 and the mid-twentieth century the world population doubled.
D)the potential for global epidemic diseases decreased.
E)large pharmaceutical companies were able to meet the global demand for medicine.

Question 57

The Syrian Civil War:

A)created a united Islamic state supported by all Muslim sects.
B)saw European nations and the U.S.quick to become engaged in the conflict.
C)demonstrated the effectiveness of well trained and disciplined Syrian forces.
D)emerged in part from the protests of the Arab spring of 2011.
E)created a new caliphate between Iraq and Iran,land vacated resulting for the U.S.Invasion of Iraq in 2003.

Question 58

The Iran-Iraq War:

A)the United States supported the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein.
B)Iraq initially was supported by France,Saudi Arabia,U.S. ,and Soviet Union.
C)was a conflict of Shi'ite Iraq against Iranian Sunnis.
D)indirectly resulted in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
E)politically and economically exhausted Iraq.

Question 59

Turkey' international memberships include all except:

A)the Council of Europe.
B)OPEC.
C)member of NATO.
D)participation in the Marshall Plan.
E)associate member of the European Union.

Question 60

Which of the below statements concerning The United Nations' High Commission on Human Rights of 1948 is incorrect:

A)the commission establish the rights of individual's against the nation-state.
B)the commission included an initial protocol that dealt with the newly defined crime of genocide.
C)the commission argued that no state should have the absolute power over its citizens.
D)one of its authors included Eleanor Roosevelt.
E)the commission prohibited torture,cruel punishment and slavery.

Question 61

Sayyid Qutb argued the elites of the new Arab states pursued policies that frayed local and family bonds,deepening economic divides while abandoning the government's responsibility for charity and stability.

Question 62

What were the effects of independence from colonialism in Africa?

Question 63

Can historians predict the future by studying the past?

Question 64

What is globalization?

Question 65

In what ways were the September 11,2001,attacks on the United States the product of a new brand of terror born from globalization?

Question 66

The term checkerboard of poverty and affluence refers to the presence of wealthy countries among poverty-stricken ones.

Question 67

How has globalization changed health and medicine in the twenty-first century?

Question 68

How has globalization promoted human rights?

Question 69

The United States was the first nation to ratify the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Question 70

How did Cold War politics and divisions affect the Middle East?

Question 71

In what ways did the Internet share the features of earlier print revolutions?

Question 72

In late 2015,195 nations,including the United States,came to a landmark agreement in Paris that committed nearly every country to limiting greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 73

Compare and contrast the threats posed to the West by state actors like North Korea,Iraq,and Iran,and non-state actors like al Qaeda.

Question 74

In what ways did oil give power to the former colonies of the West?

Question 75

By the end of the twentieth century,East Asia had become a center of industrial and manufacturing production.