Deck 8: Acid-Base Imbalances

Question 1

Which condition is caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the blood?
1) Hypocapnea
2) Hypotension
3) Hyperkalemia
4) Hypercalcemia

Answer 1

3

Question 2

Which condition is developed due to metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap?
1) Ketoacidosis
2) Hypoaldosteronism
3) Hyperalimentation
4) None of the above

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What is hypocapnea?
1) Low partial pressure of oxygen
2) Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide
3) Diminished partial pressure of carbon dioxide
4) None of the above

Answer 3

3

Question 4

A nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas report of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory acidosis. Which compensation mechanism is likely to occur?
1) The kidneys will retain bicarbonate.
2) The kidneys will excrete bicarbonate.
3) The lungs will retain carbon dioxide.
4) The lungs will excrete carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Which arterial blood gas value is necessary to identify if a condition is compensated or uncompensated?
1) Blood pH
2) Blood bicarbonate
3) Oxygen saturation
4) Partial pressure of oxygen

Question 6

Which is a physical assessment finding of respiratory acidosis?
1) Cyanosis
2) Tachycardia
3) Hypotension
4) Hypertension

Question 7

What information can be interpreted from arterial blood gas values?
1) Acidosis and alkalosis
2) Respiratory and metabolic conditions
3) Disorder of the lungs
4) All of the above
Exhibit

Question 8

A client who is taking his board exams is nervous and breathing heavily in the examination hall. Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?
1) Metabolic acidosis
2) Metabolic alkalosis
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 9

A nurse is caring for a client who is anxious and dizzy following a traumatic experience. The arterial blood gas findings include a pH level of 7.48, partial pressure of oxygen at 110, partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25, and bicarbonate at 2D. Which initial intervention does the nurse implement?
1) Administer antidepressants.
2) Administer oxygen through a mask.
3) Encourage the client to breathe into a paper bag.
4) Administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously.

Question 10

An unconscious client is brought to the hospital. The client's arterial blood gases show a pH greater than 7.45 and a bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?
1) Metabolic acidosis
2) Metabolic alkalosis
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with renal failure. Which mechanism of compensation for the acid-base disturbance does the nurse recognize in the client?
1) The client retains carbon dioxide in excess.
2) The client's oxygen saturation level improves.
3) The client's blood pH decreases from the present value.
4) The client breathes rapidly to eliminate carbon dioxide.

Question 12

What is the normal range of bicarbonate concentration in the blood?
1) 35-45 mEq/L
2) 90-100 mEq/L
3) 22-26 mEq/L
4) 7.35-7.45 mEq/L

Question 13

Which is the compound that donates hydrogen ions in a solution?
1) Acid
2) Base
3) Buffer
4) None of the above

Question 14

Hyperventilation of the lungs increases
1) Blood pH.
2) Acid in the blood.
3) Carbon dioxide in the blood.
4) None of the above.

Question 15

A comatose client's blood pH is 7.1, partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 16 mm Hg, and bicarbonate concentration is 5 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?
1) Metabolic acidosis
2) Metabolic alkalosis
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) None of the above

Question 16

Which condition is associated with diminished levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
1) Hypoxia
2) Hypoxemia
3) Hypocapnea
4) Hypercapnea

Question 17

Which is an acidic pH of blood?
1) 6.00
2) 7.40
3) 8.00
4) 8.35

Question 18

An elderly client is demonstrating lethargy, confusion, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute. The nurse sees that the last dose of medication administered through a client-controlled analgesic pump was within the last 30 minutes. Which acid-base disorder might the client have developed?
1) Metabolic acidosis
2) Metabolic alkalosis
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 19

What change occurs as a result of hypoventilation?
1) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases.
2) Lungs expel carbon dioxide.
3) Respiratory alkalosis occurs.
4) None of the above

Question 20

Which is a normal blood pH?
1) 7.00
2) 7.20
3) 7.35
4) None of the above

Question 21

A client has nausea and vomiting for 3 days due to a viral infection. Arterial blood gas values of the client are documented. Which statement is correct according to the interpretation of the arterial blood gas values?
1) The blood is basic.
2) The lungs are not responsible for the alkalosis.
3) The condition is uncompensated alkalosis.
4) All of the above

Question 22

A client is hospitalized for diarrhea. Arterial blood gas values of the client are documented. Which statement is correct according to the interpretation of the arterial blood gas?
1) The client has developed alkalosis.
2) The client has a lung problem.
3) The client has developed an uncompensated condition.
4) All of the above

Question 23

A client who is unconscious due to drug toxicity is brought to the emergency room. The client's vital signs include a body temperature of 97.8ºF, pulse rate of 90 beats/minute, respiratory rate of 12 breaths/minute, and blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg. The arterial blood gas values of the client are also documented. Which condition has the client developed?
1) Compensated respiratory acidosis
2) Compensated respiratory alkalosis
3) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Question 24

Arterial blood gas values of a client are documented by the nurse. Which condition has the client developed?
1) Compensated metabolic acidosis
2) Compensated respiratory acidosis
3) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
4) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 25

A client suffering from an asthma attack is brought to the emergency department. The client's body temperature is 98.4ºF, pulse rate is 110 beats/minute, respiratory rate is 24 shallow breaths/minute, and the blood pressure is 136/86 mm Hg. Arterial blood gas values are also documented. Which condition has the client developed?
1) Compensated metabolic acidosis
2) Compensated respiratory acidosis
3) Compensated respiratory alkalosis
4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis