Deck 4: Section 3: Learning

Question 1

Negative reinforcement occurs when an _____ stimulus is _____.

A) appetitive; presented
B) appetitive; removed
C) aversive; presented
D) aversive; removed

Answer 1

aversive; removed

Question 2

The _____ effect is a decrease in an intrinsically motivated behavior after the behavior is extrinsically reinforced and the reinforcement discontinued.

A) overjustification
B) partial reinforcement
C) shaping
D) instinctual drift

Answer 2

overjustification

Question 3

In Pavlov's classical conditioning research, a tone was used as the _____, and food inserted in the mouth served as the _____.

A) UCS; CS
B) CS; UCS
C) UCR; CR
D) CR; UCR

Answer 3

CS; UCS

Question 4

In stimulus generalization in classical conditioning, the strength of the CR _____ as the similarity of the generalization stimulus to the _____ increases.

A) increases; CS
B) decreases; CS
C) increases; UCS
D) decreases; UCS

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

A) money
B) a money order
C) a check
D) All of these are secondary reinforcers.

Question 6

Continuing to take Advil because it alleviates headaches is an example of _____, and no longer parking in "No Parking" zones because you lost money in fines for doing so is an example of _____.

A) positive punishment; positive reinforcement
B) positive reinforcement; positive punishment
C) negative punishment; negative reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement; negative punishment

Question 7

Piecework in a factory is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement; a slot machine is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

A) variable ratio; fixed interval
B) fixed interval; variable ratio
C) fixed ratio; variable ratio
D) variable ratio; fixed ratio

Question 8

The stimulus in whose presence a response will be reinforced is called the _____ stimulus in operant conditioning.

A) generalization
B) discriminative
C) acquisition
D) extinction

Question 9

Which of the following is the BEST example of a primary reinforcer?

A) a cheeseburger
B) a grade of "A" on an exam
C) praise from your teacher
D) winning the lottery

Question 10

In classical conditioning, the diminishing of the CR following removal of the UCS is called _____.

A) acquisition
B) discrimination
C) extinction
D) generalization

Question 11

The Brelands' difficulties in training animals was the result of _____.

A) the partial reinforcement effect
B) instinctual drift
C) a token economy
D) latent learning

Question 12

The results of Bandura's "Bobo Doll" studies illustrate _____, and Tolman and Honzik's studies of latent learning indicate the importance of _____ in maze learning by rats.

A) observational learning; the overjustification effect
B) observational learning; cognitive maps
C) the partial reinforcement effect; the overjustification effect
D) the partial reinforcement effect; cognitive maps

Question 13

In reinforcement, the probability of a behavior _____; in punishment the probability of a behavior _____.

A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decreases

Question 14

Tolman's research with rats in mazes indicated the occurrence of _____.

A) observational learning
B) latent learning
C) the partial reinforcement effect
D) instinctual drift

Question 15

A steep cumulative record in operant conditioning indicates _____, and a flat cumulative record indicates _____.

A) a slow rate of responding; no responding
B) a slow rate of responding; a fast rate of responding
C) a fast rate of responding; no responding
D) a fast rate of responding; a slow rate of responding