Deck 8: Conceptualizing Client Issues and Setting Change Goals

Question 1

Utilizing the stages of change model (Prochaska,DiClemente,& Norcross,1992),an individual who agrees that she would benefit from implementing a daily walking program,but cannot imagine how to fit it around a busy work day,would likely be identified at which stage of readiness for change?

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation
D)action

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An integrative approach to helping incorporates the following dimensions of client issues and concerns:

A)contextual factors,beliefs,feelings,behavior,interaction and relational patterns,and language patterns
B)behavior,interaction and relational patterns,and contextual factors
C)beliefs,feelings,and behavior
D)beliefs and feelings.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

For a client to experience success with goal setting,the goal must be

A)set by the client.
B)personal to the client.
C)important to the client.
D)all of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Consider Jourard's (1963)eight-factor conceptualization of universal basic human needs.To what extent do you feel this model accurately captures the crucial elements required for a fulfilled and rewarding life? Would your hierarchy alter the order of the needs? Would you add to or delete any of the needs in Jourard's model?

Question 5

Goal-setting is enhanced when outcome goals

A)are subject to modification and refinement.
B)are shared by the client and helper.
C)involve visible or observable behaviors.
D)are characterized by all of the above.

Question 6

Client resistance is most likely to be triggered when the helper

A)asks the client to envision life without the current concern.
B)hypothesizes that there may be additional unstated outcomes desired by the client.
C)explores the client's previous attempts at dealing with the concern.
D)prescribes a solution or goal.

Question 7

When outcome goals are structured in an imprecise manner as exemplified by the statement,"I want to feel better about my life",

A)both the helper and client have a clear understanding of what is to be accomplished.
B)this permits the helper to address the client's concerns directly and reduces tangential efforts.
C)assessing progress toward the desired results will be based on subjective inference rather than objective measurement.
D)selection of viable techniques and strategies is enhanced.

Question 8

According to a classic article written by Jourard (1963),the needs for activity,future orientation,and opportunity would fall under which category of basic human needs?

A)status,success,and self-esteem
B)challenge
C)cognitive clarity
D)freedom

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding unmet needs?

A)Many psychological concerns arise as a result of basic childhood needs being consistently blocked.
B)Clients may continue to block an unmet need in order to avoid re-experiencing it.
C)Clients may try to rise above an unmet need to have it met indirectly.
D)Children's unmet needs dissipate to make way for adult needs.

Question 10

After a client identifies a personal characteristic in the statement,"I am impulsive",the helping process should include all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)taking this specific concern and devising non-specific goal statements
B)exploring and elaborating on the client's experience of that characteristic
C)describing ways in which the characteristic could be changed
D)taking the non-specific concern and translating it into specific goal statements

Question 11

It is common in the helping process for the sharing of outer,more obvious client concerns to precede the sharing of more subtle,less obvious concerns as a climate of safety and trust is established.Thus,helping is often referred to as a process of

A)carry-over.
B)regression.
C)unfolding.
D)blocking.

Question 12

Emotional distress in clients who repeatedly experience the effects of stereotyping,discrimination,and oppression is more likely to be due to

A)unmet childhood developmental needs.
B)lack of real power in their current life.
C)lack of perceived power in their current life.
D)both b and c

Question 13

According to Jourard's (1963)conceptualization of basic human needs,when the needs for __________ go unmet,individuals lack self-respect and self-confidence,or may compensate with excessive and manufactured self-respect and self-confidence.

A)love and sex
B)status,success,and self-esteem
C)freedom
D)cognitive-clarity

Question 14

Clients resist setting goals because

A)change is hard.
B)the behaviour in need of change is also desirable.
C)they want to gain a position of power in the helping relationship.
D)they really have no desire to change.

Question 15

The spiral pattern associated with the stages of change model (Prochaska,DiClemente,& Norcross,1992)suggests that most of those individuals who relapse

A)revolve in a circular pattern,regressing back to where they began.
B)learn from their mistakes and can try something different the next time around.
C)move through the linear model in a progressive fashion.
D)give up and drop out of the change process.

Question 16

According to the stages of change model (Prochaska,DiClemente,& Norcross,1992),a client who is seeking information on smoking cessation from books and the Internet is likely in the __________ stage.

A)precontemplation
B)contemplation
C)preparation
D)action

Question 17

SMART goals help client set meaningful and attainable goals.Which element of the SMART goal is missing from the following outcome goal? Goal: The client will decrease tardiness.

A)Specific.
B)Measurable.
C)Relevance.
D)Time-bound.

Question 18

Clients who feel marginalized from the mainstream culture may not be prepared to address

A)short-term goals.
B)long-term goals.
C)survival needs.
D)physical needs.

Question 19

Complete the following analogy.Process goals are to __________ as outcome goals are to __________.

A)tentative,generalizable
B)tailored,general
C)universal,tailored
D)unique,universal

Question 20

All EXCEPT which of the following are true about the conceptualization of client issues?

A)Conceptualization of client issues occurs quickly in sessions with competent and experienced helpers.
B)After the first session,helpers formulate hypotheses about the client,the client's world,and the client's concerns.
C)Initial hunches about the client,the client's world,and the client's issues will be modified in subsequent sessions.
D)Helpers will acknowledge and discard mistaken hunches.

Question 21

Compare and contrast process and outcome goals.Discuss the purpose of each and apply the concepts of specificity,universality,and generalizability.

Question 22

Discuss the statement,"The place where people learn or do not learn what their needs are and how to get them met is in their family of origin.This is where needs are either affirmed and met or shamed and rejected." Elaborate on the relationship between an adult client's current needs and a history of unmet needs.

Question 23

Identify the elements of a well-designed SMART outcome goal.Provide four examples of outcome goals that incorporate these elements.

Question 24

Design an outcome goal that might be applicable to a client who is expressing career dissatisfaction and then outline a hierarchy of action steps the client might take to address the outcome goal.

Question 25

What do Cormier and Hackney (2012)mean when they describe counseling as an "unfolding process"?

Question 26

Imagine that a client has come to you with concerns about dissatisfaction with his or her career situation.Give five examples of future-oriented questions you might ask to assist the client in the goal-setting process.

Question 27

From a cultural perspective,discuss the reasons why long-term goals might not be relevant to or valued by a client.

Question 28

Describe the six dimensions of client issues encompassed by Cormier and Hackney's (2012)integrative theoretical model of assessing client concerns.