Deck 8: Give Us Our Due

Question 1

Under what circumstances are theocracies most likely to be unstable?

A)when almost all members of the society share the same religion
B)when there is a legal separation of church and state
C)when there is a minority religion that is crushed by the weight of the majority's laws and culture
D)where there is no legal separation of church and state

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Dana Sawchuck observed about Nicaragua in the 1970s: "The institutional [Catholic] church had given its uncritical support to the country's dictatorial elites." This is an example of

A)theocracy.
B)Marxism.
C)the use of religion to support the state.
D)separation of church and state.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a theocracy

A)religious leaders share power equally with non-religious leaders.
B)society is governed by religious law and religious leaders.
C)the practice of a diversity of minority religions is actively encouraged.
D)religious belief is shaped to support government actions and policy.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the 1970s

A)religious groups in the U.S.and Iran sought a greater role in politics and government.
B)religion played little role in politics in Iran,El Salvador,and the U.S.
C)political leaders in Iran and El Salvador reached out to religious groups and reached peaceful agreements about how religion and politics could legally interact.
D)religious groups in Iran,El Salvador,and the U.S.were banned from participating in politics and government.

Question 5

Conflicts between religious groups and the law in the U.S.

A)are less likely to affect majority religion than minority religions.
B)are rare and mostly affect those who practice the majority religion.
C)are common and mostly affect those who practice the majority religion.
D)do not occur because the U.S.has separation of church and state.

Question 6

Because of the anti-establishment clause of the First Amendment to the U.S.Constitution

A)government cannot create an official state church.
B)government cannot prevent people from practicing religion.
C)both A & B
D)neither A nor B

Question 7

The legal treatment of peyote in the early 1990s and alcohol during Prohibition

A)was different.Both were illegal but there was an exemption for the religious use of alcohol.
B)was the same.Both substances were illegal.
C)was the same.Both substances were illegal but there were exemptions for religious use.
D)was different.Neither was illegal but the religious use of alcohol was highly regulated.

Question 8

Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazzali was

A)a theologian.
B)a prince.
C)a governor.
D)an oppressor.

Question 9

Sociologists Rodney Stark and Roger Finke argue that

A)the anti-establishment clause forbids persons from minority religions from practicing their religion.
B)the creation of a single state church would have resulted in higher overall levels of religious participation in the U.S.
C)the separation of church and state is unrelated to the diversity and vibrancy in the U.S.religious marketplace.
D)the creation of a single state church would have led to lower levels of religious fervor and participation in the U.S.

Question 10

Government

A)sets priorities and policies for the society as a whole.
B)collects taxes and redistributes them through government programs.
C)decides who belongs to a society and receives the benefits of membership.
D)all of the above

Question 11

According the political sociologist José Casanova,"disestablishment" occurred

A)when the US Bill of Rights was ratified.
B)after John F.Kennedy was the first Catholic to be elected President of the U.S.
C)gradually over the course of U.S.history.
D)when the U.S.Bill of Rights was ratified,only to be undone in recent years by a rise in political participation by the religious groups.

Question 12

Recent elections in the U.S.suggest that

A)religion plays no role in how people vote.
B)religion influences political behavior at the national,state,and local levels.
C)religion influences political behavior at the national level,but not at the state or local levels.
D)religion influences how people vote,but it does not influence the positions or legislative votes of politicians.

Question 13

According to sociologists Clem Brooks and Jeff Manza,religion's effects on voting behavior in U.S.presidential elections are

A)significantly smaller than the effects of either gender or social class.
B)similar in magnitude to the effects of gender and social class.
C)smaller than the effects of gender but larger than the effects of social class.
D)twice the size of the effects of social class,and four times the size of the effects of gender.

Question 14

According to legal scholar Stephen Carter,when church and state are separated,social change happens

A)more slowly because the state is less efficient when it excludes religious views.
B)more quickly because social change efforts can mobilize around religion.
C)more slowly because religion is conservative.
D)more quickly because civil society is less organized when it excludes religious views.

Question 15

Has there been a theocratic form of government in the United States?

A)No,because the U.S.has separation of church and state.
B)Yes,in 1925 the Scopes trial led to a backlash against modernity and the implementation of theocracy in the U.S.
C)Yes,in the Utah territory the Mormon Church was the de facto state religion governed by religious leaders.
D)No,because the U.S .Constitution bans it.

Question 16

Iran's government and society was secularized in mid-20th century

A)and it has remained secular,with religion and religious leaders playing only minor roles in politics.
B)but it experienced a backlash against secularization,and a re-establishment of religious control over the state.
C)and it has remained secular,with religion and religious leaders banned from politics to this day.
D)resulting in a new set of rights for educational and cultural elites that exist to this day.

Question 17

Why is the conflict between religion and politics,church and state,more consequential than ever?

A)Because religion is not fading from the public sphere.
B)Because religious diversity is rising in many societies.
C)Because stronger welfare states have been established.
D)all of the above

Question 18

Of the following relations between religion and politics,which does al-Ghazzali prefer?

A)theocracy
B)Marxism
C)the use of religion to support the state
D)separation of church and state

Question 19

Sociologist Peter Beyer argues that

A)in its own societal sphere,religion is protected from competition with other social institutions like education and medicine.
B)religion permeates society and influences a wide range of other social institutions,including medicine and education.
C)from its own corner of society,religion faces competition from other social institutions like education and medicine.
D)religion generally prevails in its disputes with social institutions like education and medicine.