Deck 11: A: Theories of Personality and Intelligence

Question 1

For Freud,the mind is divided into ___ levels.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Answer 1

three

Question 2

For Freud,thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ______ mind.

A)unconscious
B)preconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)conscious

Answer 2

unconscious

Question 3

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

A)Temperament and personality are the exact same thing.
B)Personality,which we are born with,is the basis upon which one's temperament is built.
C)Temperament,which we are born with,is the basis upon which one's personality is built.
D)Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics,while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

Answer 3

Temperament,which we are born with,is the basis upon which one's personality is built.

Question 4

The _____________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning,and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)trait
D)behaviorist

Question 5

Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was _____________.

A)liberal
B)open
C)repressed
D)obsessed

Question 6

"What did you have for lunch an hour ago?" Before I asked you that question,the information was in your _______________.

A)conscious level
B)unconscious level
C)postconscious level
D)preconscious level

Question 7

A patient waiting for an appointment with Sigmund Freud looks around the room to see who else is waiting.Who among the following is most likely to have been one of Freud's patients?

A)Hal,a coal-mine worker who is severely depressed
B)Angela,a maid,who is severely depressed
C)Sue,a wealthy woman who is suffering from sexual repression
D)Mario,a soldier who is suffering from a hysterical disorder

Question 8

Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men."You know," Noreen said,"I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask,I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he'll get.Freud must have been right!" Charise,who has just studied personality psychology in school,corrects Noreen by saying which of the following?

A)"You're probably right,Noreen.Freud was really into subconscious motives."
B)"Freud's theory has absolutely no validity in the modern times,Noreen.Stop analyzing your husband!"
C)"Freud really didn't address the psychological functioning of men,Noreen,only women."
D)"Well,Noreen,there really is no "subconscious" in Freud's theory!"

Question 9

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg.If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska,what part of the mind would you see above the water?

A)ego
B)superego
C)id
D)preconscious

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of consciousness proposed by Sigmund Freud?

A)conscious
B)conscience
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Question 11

For Freud,material that we are not currently aware of but that can be easily recalled is in the ______ mind.

A)unconscious
B)preconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)conscious

Question 12

When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality,one is thinking about ____________.

A)soul
B)character
C)temperament
D)conscience

Question 13

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ______________.

A)sex
B)denial
C)marriage
D)depression

Question 14

For Freud,ideas,thoughts,and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ______ mind.

A)unconscious
B)preconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)conscious

Question 15

The conscious mind can be compared to ______________.

A)a deep cave
B)long-term memory
C)short-term memory
D)forgetting

Question 16

Freud believed that the _____________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

A)id
B)preconscious mind
C)manifest awareness
D)unconscious mind

Question 17

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?

A)humanistic perspective
B)trait perspective
C)projective perspective
D)inventory perspective

Question 18

One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much ________.

A)description
B)research
C)material
D)explanation

Question 19

Which of Freud's levels of consciousness consists of thoughts and feelings that can be easily brought into immediate awareness?

A)conscious level
B)unconscious level
C)preconscious level
D)postconscious level

Question 20

The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks,acts,and feels is called __________.

A)personality
B)nurture
C)a trait
D)nature

Question 21

Freud named the most primitive part of the personality the id,which is a Latin word that means __________.

A)"sex"
B)"pleasure"
C)"I"
D)"it"

Question 22

There were three friends.Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational,logical,and cunning.Hermione was rule oriented,moral,and always ethical.Ron was pleasure seeking,found it hard to delay gratification,and usually just did what he wanted.According to Freud,Ron was mostly ___________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 23

When Freud referred to the sexual drive of babies and young children,to what was he really referring?

A)the fact that sexual orientation is established from birth
B)the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure
C)the fact that children need to be taught about sexual morality from a very early age
D)all of the above

Question 24

According to Freud,the second part of the personality is the ego,which gets its name from the Latin word for __________.

A)"right"
B)"pride" Incorrect While the term "ego" is commonly used to refer to one's pride or sense of self,this is a misuse of the word from Freud's original theory.
C)"I"
D)"self"

Question 25

You are quite hungry but don't have a dime to your name.If you were described as "all id and only id'" what would you do?

A)Distract yourself with images of food.
B)Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner.
C)Run all the way home to get something to eat as soon as possible.
D)Use the defense mechanism of denial to thwart the hunger pangs until an appropriate meal can be obtained.

Question 26

The pleasure principle is associated with which element of Freud's personality theory?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 27

"If it feels good do it" best describes the ______________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 28

For Freud,the only personality structure present at birth is the ______.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 29

In Freud's theory,the id is to fun as the superego is to ____________

A)guilt
B)pride
C)rules
D)freedom

Question 30

What is Freud's term for the primitive,biological side of personality?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 31

According to Freud,rationality and logical thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ______.

A)pleasure principle
B)ego
C)superego
D)animus

Question 32

In Sigmund Freud's theory,the _______ operates according to the pleasure principle.

A)id
B)ego
C)thanatos
D)superego

Question 33

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely ______.

A)illogical
B)selfless
C)rational
D)amoral

Question 34

What is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 35

Which component of a person's personality is responsible for the continuing desire to engage in sex indiscriminately?

A)ego
B)superego
C)id
D)preconscious

Question 36

There were three friends.Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational,logical,and cunning.Hermione was rule oriented,moral,and always ethical.Ron was pleasure seeking,found it hard to delay gratification,and usually just did what he wanted.According to Freud,Hermione was mostly ___________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 37

The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world.

A)personal unconscious
B)ego
C)superego
D)persona

Question 38

There were three friends.Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational,logical,and cunning.Hermione was rule oriented,moral,and always ethical.Ron was pleasure seeking,found it hard to delay gratification,and usually just did what he wanted.According to Freud,Harry was mostly ____________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)conscience

Question 39

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent.According to Freud's model of the mind,her id would unconsciously say _________.

A)"Thou shalt not kill"
B)"I'm going to tear this program in half!"
C)"What,me angry? I never get angry"
D)"I'm so angry I could kill that player"

Question 40

For Freud,the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ________.

A)superego
B)id
C)ego
D)persona

Question 41

According to Freud,the ______ acts as our conscience.

A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)collective unconscious

Question 42

According to Freud,the result of conflict between the id and superego is ___________.

A)libido
B)depression
C)psychosis
D)anxiety

Question 43

In the metaphor the angel,the devil,and me,the devil is the _________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 44

In the metaphor the angel,the devil,and me,the angel is the ____________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)unconscious

Question 45

The ego operates according to the ______.

A)guilt/pride principle
B)reality principle
C)pleasure principle
D)reflex principle

Question 46

From what Latin phrase is the term superego derived?

A)"without morals"
B)"above the rules"
C)"beyond me"
D)"over the self"

Question 47

For Freud,the moral guardian of personality is the ______.

A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)libido

Question 48

The age at which a baby was weaned would have most impact on the ____ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 49

According to Freud,during the first 18 months of life,the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ______.

A)genitals
B)mouth
C)hands
D)anus

Question 50

An individual operating on the reality principle seeks ____________.

A)immediate gratification
B)perfect accomplishments
C)to reveal unconscious motivations
D)rational means for obtaining gratification

Question 51

According to Freud,the reality principle is ______.

A)the way in which the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully
B)the way in which the id tries to obtain gratification and avoid pain
C)the way in which the ego ideal establishes standards of what one would like to be
D)the way in which young children instinctively seek self-actualization

Question 52

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

A)We could become fixated at that stage.
B)We would revert to our biological predispositions.
C)We would be more capable of overcoming the obstacle in adulthood.
D)We could become overly dependent on the superego for future guidance.

Question 53

The job of the _________ is to find practical ways for the _________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________.

A)id;ego,superego
B)ego;id;superego
C)ego;superego;id
D)superego;id;ego

Question 54

What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?

A)false cognitions
B)coping techniques
C)disordered thinking
D)defense mechanisms

Question 55

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as _______.

A)focal zones
B)erogenous zones
C)pleasure zones
D)unconscious zones

Question 56

The superego develops ____________.

A)at birth
B)during infancy
C)during the preschool years
D)during adolescence

Question 57

Yongmei is studying for her math test.Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him.She would love to go but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class.What part of Yongmei's personality will say "You must stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for you to graduate."

A)her ego because it is the moral conscience of her personality
B)her id because studying is what she really wants to do
C)her libido because she knows her boyfriend will love her more if she studies
D)her superego because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

Question 58

According to Freud,personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages.During infancy,the psychosexual stage is called the _____________.

A)latency stage
B)oral stage
C)anal stage
D)phallic stage

Question 59

Which element in Freud's personality theory is composed of the conscience and the ego ideal?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 60

In Freud's personality theory,the ________ are in conflict and the _______ must mediate between them.

A)ego and superego;id
B)id and superego;ego
C)id and ego;superego
D)id,ego,and superego;conscience

Question 61

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple,it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat.From a Freudian perspective,what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

A)Oscar was anally fixated,but Felix was not.
B)Oscar and Felix were both anally fixated,but in different ways.
C)Neither Oscar nor Felix were anally fixated.They just had different personalities.
D)Felix was anally fixated,but Oscar was not.

Question 62

Dan plays the trumpet,is on the debate team,bites his nails,and chews gum.Freud might say Dan was fixated in the ________ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 63

What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A)latency,anal,oral,genital,phallic
B)oral,genital,latency,phallic,anal
C)anal,oral,latency,phallic,genital
D)oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital

Question 64

According to Freud and his followers,what is the most significant event that occurs during the anal stage of psychosexual development?

A)The child is toilet trained.
B)The child discovers his or her genitals.
C)The child develops sexual feelings toward the parent of the other sex.
D)The child has nightmares that reflect the development of sexual feelings.

Question 65

Which of the Freudian stages of personality development begins around puberty?

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 66

Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly.According to Freudian theory,he became fixated at the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

A)oral
B)anal
C)latency
D)genital

Question 67

Jill is an 8-year-old girl who is having a birthday party.According to Freud,since Jill is in the latency period,whom would you expect to be at her party?

A)mostly girls
B)mostly boys
C)mostly male parents who look like her father
D)mostly parents

Question 68

In which psychosexual stage do sexual interests reawaken and become stronger?

A)anal
B)latency
C)genital
D)phallic

Question 69

Four-year-old Larry squeezes between his Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch.He cuddles with Mommy and pushes Daddy away.This illustrates which Freudian concept?

A)superego
B)Oedipus complex
C)sublimation
D)regression

Question 70

According to Freud,a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called _______.

A)the Oedipus complex
B)the Electra complex
C)transference
D)countertransference

Question 71

The Freudian stage in which boys must resolve the Oedipus complex is the ______ stage.

A)genital
B)oral
C)phallic
D)anal

Question 72

According to Freud,the stage in which children develop a marked attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and become jealous of the same-sex parent is the ______.

A)anal stage
B)genital stage
C)oral stage
D)phallic stage

Question 73

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple,it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat.From a Freudian perspective,what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

A)Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality.
B)Oscar had an anal retentive personality and Felix had an anal expulsive personality.
C)Both Oscar and Felix were anally fixated.
D)All of the above are

Question 74

Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys' fears that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to ________.

A)penis envy
B)penis anxiety
C)castration phobia.
D)castration anxiety

Question 75

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?

A)attraction to the same-sex parent
B)attraction to the opposite-sex parent
C)identification with the same-sex parent
D)identification with the opposite-sex parent

Question 76

According to Freud,personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages.The last stage is called the ___________.

A)latency stage
B)anal stage
C)genital stage
D)phallic stage

Question 77

Young Bart says to his friend "What do you want to play at recess today,war or forts?" His comrade,Yevgeni,replies "Why don't we try something different today and play with the girls?" Completely aghast,Bart yells back "Are you crazy?? Girls have COOTIES!" Which stage of personality development is Bart likely in,according to Freud?

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)latency

Question 78

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work?

A)retro-Freudians
B)nouveau-Freudians
C)neo-Freudians
D)anti-Freudians

Question 79

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A)oral
B)anal
C)latency
D)phallic

Question 80

According to Freud's theory of personality development,there are ________ stages that each person must pass through.

A)3
B)5
C)7
D)8