Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.

A)brain; visceral effectors
B)autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors
C)visceral effectors; autonomic ganglia
D)visceral effectors; brain
E)brain; spinal cord

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

A)heart.
B)pupils.
C)sweat glands.
D)digestive tract.
E)arrector pili muscles.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located

A)only in the brain stem.
B)only in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
C)only in the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
D)both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
E)only in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 5

The celiac ganglia do not innervate the

A)liver.
B)spleen.
C)stomach.
D)pancreas.
E)intestines.

Question 6

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)________ neuron.

A)upper motor
B)lower motor
C)preganglionic
D)postganglionic
E)somatomotor

Question 7

The statement "It sends its preganglionic fibers to terminal or intramural ganglia" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 8

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.

A)intramural
B)collateral
C)chain
D)prevertebral
E)suprarenal

Question 9

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

A)intramural ganglia.
B)collateral ganglia.
C)chain ganglia.
D)brainstem.
E)adrenal glands.

Question 10

Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within

A)intramural ganglia.
B)collateral ganglia.
C)sympathetic chain ganglia.
D)suprarenal ganglia.
E)white rami.

Question 11

Ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except

A)smooth muscle.
B)cardiac muscle.
C)adipose tissue.
D)glands.
E)skeletal muscle.

Question 12

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest" division.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)thoracolumbar
D)visceral
E)somatomotor

Question 13

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.

A)intramural
B)collateral
C)chain
D)paravertebral
E)suprarenal

Question 14

Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity?

A)thoracic
B)lumbar
C)abdominopelvic
D)vertebral
E)cranial

Question 15

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

A)postganglionic fibers.
B)visceral reflex responses.
C)motor neurons.
D)ganglionic neurons.
E)sensory neuron neurons.

Question 16

All of the following are visceral effectors except

A)smooth muscles.
B)cardiac muscle.
C)adipocytes.
D)skeletal muscles.
E)glands.

Question 17

Autonomic motor neurons

A)cause general relaxation.
B)cause general excitation.
C)conduct impulses from sensory receptors.
D)conduct impulses to skeletal muscles.
E)conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

Question 18

Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division?

A)It is also called the sympathetic division of the ANS.
B)It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
C)It is referred to the "fight or flight" division.
D)It is a division of the visceral sensory nervous system.
E)It is included solely in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 19

The statement "There is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 20

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

A)somatic division
B)craniosacral division
C)resting division
D)thoracolumbar division
E)both somatic division and craniosacral division

Question 21

What type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exits the brain stem?

A)somatic motor neuron
B)preganglionic neuron
C)sensory neuron
D)ganglionic neuron
E)astrocyte

Question 22

Injury to the cervical sympathetic ganglia would not affect the function of the

A)heart.
B)pupils.
C)salivary glands.
D)lungs.
E)lacrimal glands.

Question 23

The sympathetic collateral ganglia include all of the following except the

A)celiac.
B)superior mesenteric.
C)inferior mesenteric.
D)lumbar
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 24

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is by way of the ________ ganglion.

A)celiac
B)superior mesenteric
C)inferior mesenteric
D)pudendal
E)pelvic

Question 25

Splanchnic nerves

A)originate from first-order neurons located in the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
B)consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia.
C)control sympathetic function of structures in the thorax.
D)connect chain ganglia.
E)are formed of parasympathetic fibers.

Question 26

Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the

A)suprarenal medulla.
B)celiac ganglia.
C)sympathetic chain ganglia.
D)inferior mesenteric ganglia.
E)splanchnic nerves.

Question 27

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

A)lateral gray horns of the cervical cord.
B)anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord.
C)lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
D)anterior gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
E)lateral gray horns of T1 to S2 of the spinal cord.

Question 28

Intramural ganglia in the large intestine,urinary bladder,and reproductive organs are innervated by the ________ nerves.

A)spinal
B)splanchnic
C)ciliary
D)pelvic
E)collateral

Question 29

Which structure carries postganglionic fibers for distribution in the body wall and limbs?

A)gray ramus
B)dorsal ramus
C)spinal nerve
D)white ramus
E)ventral root

Question 30

The statement "It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 31

Which of the following is exclusive to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A)ventral roots
B)dorsal rami
C)spinal nerves
D)ventral rami
E)short pre-ganglionic fibers

Question 32

Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to

A)dilate the right pupil.
B)constrict the right pupil.
C)dilate the left pupil.
D)constrict the left pupil.
E)smile and frown.

Question 33

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except

A)III.
B)VII.
C)IX.
D)X)
E)XII.

Question 34

Which of the following provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A)vagus nerves
B)sciatic nerves
C)glossopharyngeal nerves
D)pelvic nerves
E)splanchnic nerves

Question 35

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ________ nerve(s).

A)splanchnic
B)facial
C)vagus
D)glossopharyngeal
E)trigeminal

Question 36

Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion?

A)ciliary
B)pterygopalatine
C)submandibular
D)otic
E)celiac

Question 37

Two terms that both refer to internal organs are

A)sympathetic and parasympathetic.
B)viscera and somatic.
C)splanchnic and ganglionic.
D)splanchnic and viscera.
E)somatic and preganglionic.

Question 38

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the

A)celiac plexus.
B)hypogastric plexus.
C)cardiac plexus.
D)pterygopalatine ganglia.
E)otic ganglia.

Question 39

As the result of an accident,the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed.What organ(s)would you expect might be affected by this injury?

A)left pupil
B)right pupil
C)heart
D)left and right pupil
E)left pupil and heart

Question 40

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic pelvic nerves synapse on neurons located within ________ ganglia.

A)pterygopalatine
B)ciliary
C)coccygeal
D)inferior mesenteric
E)intramural

Question 41

Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead.Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?

A)the heart
B)a blood vessel in the skin
C)a sweat gland
D)the liver
E)the salivary glands

Question 42

In general,parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

A)long; short
B)short; long
C)long; long
D)short; short

Question 43

Sympathetic nerves

A)provoke feelings of sympathy.
B)allow us to relax,rest,and recover.
C)are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity.
D)control swallowing.
E)stimulate gastric secretion.

Question 44

Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called

A)cholinergic.
B)adrenergic.
C)nicotinic.
D)muscarinic.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true?

A)They are proteins in the plasma membrane.
B)When activated,cAMP levels are affected.
C)Epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types.
D)Norepinephrine activates mainly the alpha type.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

Postganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ________ at their effector junctions.

A)acetylcholine
B)nitric oxide
C)norepinephrine
D)acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 47

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except

A)increased sweat secretion.
B)reduced circulation to the skin.
C)decreased heart rate.
D)dilation of the pupils.
E)increased blood flow to skeletal muscles.

Question 48

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells does not result in

A)the formation of cAMP.
B)increased heart rate.
C)increased force of contraction.
D)increased metabolism.
E)inactivation of G proteins.

Question 49

Muscarinic receptors

A)are normally activated by acetylcholine.
B)are found mostly in autonomic ganglia.
C)always produce an excitatory response.
D)control sodium channels in the affected membrane.
E)are blocked by norepinephrine.

Question 50

The adrenal medullae secrete

A)medullin.
B)epinephrine.
C)norepinephrine.
D)renin.
E)both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 51

Stimulation of α1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine results in

A)an increase in the amount of intracellular cAMP.
B)a decrease in the amount of intracellular cAMP.
C)decreased membrane permeability to sodium ion.
D)release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.
E)increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.

Question 52

In general,sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

A)long; short
B)short; long
C)long; long
D)short; short

Question 53

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating

A)constipation.
B)diarrhea.
C)excessive salivation.
D)excessive heart rate.
E)depressed heart rate.

Question 54

The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 55

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

A)Preganglionic neurons are located in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
B)Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors.
C)Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
D)The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division.
E)The ganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine.

Question 56

The stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors does not lead to

A)an increase in metabolic activity.
B)relaxation of airway smooth muscle.
C)the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes.
D)cardiac muscle stimulation.
E)release of calcium from the ER.

Question 57

A neuron with nicotinic receptors is exposed to acetylcholine.This will not lead to

A)activation of chemically gated ion channels.
B)excitation of the neuron.
C)entry of sodium ion.
D)binding of the nicotine to the channel.
E)activation of muscarinic receptors.

Question 58

Nicotinic receptors

A)respond to epinephrine.
B)respond to norepinephrine.
C)open chemically gated sodium ion channels.
D)are found at neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system.
E)open chemically gated calcium ion channels.

Question 59

The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 60

Which neurotransmitter is released at the sympathetic chain ganglia?

A)norepinephrine
B)dopamine
C)acetylcholine
D)endorphin
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 61

During sympathetic activation,which of the following would not occur?

A)elevated heart rate
B)elevated blood pressure
C)increased sweating
D)elevated blood glucose
E)constriction of pupil

Question 62

A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in

A)an increase in vessel diameter.
B)a decrease in vessel diameter.
C)oscillation in vessel diameter.
D)an increase in blood flow through the vessel.
E)both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel.

Question 63

Parasympathetic functions include all of the following except

A)reduction in the rate of cardiac contraction.
B)constriction of the pupils.
C)dilation of the airways.
D)stimulation of urination.
E)stimulation of defecation.

Question 64

The statement "It controls the diameter of the pupil" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 65

A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells.This drug probably binds to ________ receptors.

A)nicotinic cholinergic
B)muscarinic cholinergic
C)alpha-1 adrenergic
D)alpha-2 adrenergic
E)beta-1 adrenergic

Question 66

In general,autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when

A)sympathetic stimulation is increased.
B)sympathetic stimulation is decreased.
C)parasympathetic stimulation is increased.
D)parasympathetic stimulation is decreased.
E)somatomotor stimulation is increased.

Question 67

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it

A)allows ANS neurons to be silent under normal conditions.
B)allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not decrease their activity.
C)allows ANS neurons to decrease their activity on demand but not increase their activity.
D)allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity,providing a range of control options.
E)provides for a narrow range of control options that keeps target tissues constantly active.

Question 68

Mary accidentally ate poisonous mushrooms that contain muscarine.What would not occur?

A)constriction of the pupils
B)constriction of respiratory passageways
C)diarrhea
D)reduction in heart rate
E)feeling of euphoria and increased energy

Question 69

An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that

A)activates β1 adrenergic receptors.
B)activates β2 adrenergic receptors.
C)blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
D)activates β1 or β2 adrenergic receptors.
E)activates β2 adrenergic receptors or blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

Question 70

A person is confronted by a dangerous dog.His heart begins to race and beat strongly,his pupils dilate,and his hairs stand up.These signs are not the result of

A)sympathetic activation.
B)increased levels of epinephrine in the blood.
C)increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus.
D)stimulation of the cardioacceleratory reflex.
E)stimulation of the pancreas to release insulin.

Question 71

Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate?

A)increased sympathetic input
B)decreased sympathetic input
C)increased parasympathetic input
D)decreased parasympathetic input
E)both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

Question 72

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon

A)sympathetic stimulation only.
B)parasympathetic stimulation only.
C)somatomotor stimulation only.
D)both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation.
E)sensory receptors sensitive to changes in lung ventilation.

Question 73

Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to

A)relaxation of the urinary sphincter.
B)increased heart rate.
C)hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves.
D)activation of ventral sweat glands.
E)increased gastric motility.

Question 74

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)?

A)exertion
B)trauma
C)digestion
D)stress
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 75

Sweat glands contain ________ receptors.

A)nicotinic cholinergic
B)muscarinic cholinergic
C)alpha
D)beta
E)both muscarinic cholinergic and beta

Question 76

Sympathetic activation leads to all of the following except

A)vasoconstriction to digestive organs.
B)vasodilation to skeletal muscle.
C)increased heart rate.
D)increased release of insulin.
E)increase in alertness.

Question 77

Most vital organs receive ________ innervation.That is,they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

A)opposing
B)complementary
C)dual

Question 78

Parasympathetic stimulation

A)increases heart rate.
B)increases gastric motility.
C)causes sweat glands to secrete.
D)causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate.
E)causes the pupils to dilate.

Question 79

Ganglionic neurons in the adrenal gland

A)are located in the adrenal cortex.
B)release acetylcholine into blood capillaries.
C)release epinephrine into blood capillaries.
D)have no known function.
E)are modified and can't release neurotransmitters.

Question 80

Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving

A)two nerves from the spinal cord.
B)both autonomic and somatomotor nerves.
C)both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.
D)nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord.
E)two nerves from the spinal cord and both autonomic and somatomotor nerves.