Deck 1: C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

Question 1

According to the authors,we sometimes must look to authorities because we cannot devote ____to the evaluation of claims about human behaviour.

Answer 1

the time (or the resources)

Question 2

Mistakenly assuming that popularity of a theory is in some way indicative of a theory's correctness or accuracy is the definition of ____.

Answer 2

the bandwagon fallacy

Question 3

In the movie Revenge of the Sith,Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader tells his former mentor,Obi-Wan Kenobi,"If you are not with me,then you are my enemy." This is an example of the ____ .

Answer 3

either-or fallacy

Question 4

When a person views the world in terms of absolutes ("you are either with us or against us"),he or she is extremely likely to fall victim to the ____.

Question 5

The phrase "If I didn't believe it,I wouldn't have seen it" most accurately describes how ____ leads to the development of pseudoscientific belief.

Question 6

In an experiment,a researcher attempts to create situations where support for one position indicates a lack of support for other positions.This is an application of the critical thinking principle of ____.

Question 7

Assuming that a claim is true because an authority figure endorses it is known as the ____.

Question 8

Kari Ann is listening to the mayoral debate on a local access channel.She has strong feelings for one of the candidates and strong feelings against the other.If these feelings influence her evaluation of their performance because she is seeking supportive evidence for her beliefs,the ____ is likely to occur.

Question 9

An explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world is what a scientist would call a ____.

Question 10

Most people get their knowledge about psychological topics not from scientific journals or academic-related books but rather from ____.

Question 11

Scientific skepticism requires that any claim is met with a(n)____.

Question 12

The use of the emotions one experiences as a guide for evaluating the validity of scientific claims is called ____ by psychologists.

Question 13

____refers to a person's belief that he or she accurately and objectively sees the world as it is.

Question 14

Tatiana is a manager of a large grocery store,and she believes that,if left to their own devices,her high-school- and college-age workers would do nothing but text and talk on their cellphones.She constantly watches and warns these employees about being written up or fired for repeated violations of the no cellphone use policy.However,she often ignores the same behaviour by her older adult employees.It would be wise to warn her of the dangers of the ____.

Question 15

During a class discussion on the effects of daycare on later social adjustment,Dr.Barnes frequently reminded her students to focus on the scientific evidence rather than on their feelings about daycare.Dr.Barnes was attempting to encourage more ____.

Question 16

Pseudoscience lacks the safeguards against ____ and ____ that characterize science.

Question 17

You overhear Sheila tell a friend,"Never date a fraternity guy! Every single one I dated cheated on me!" Sheila has committed the ____.

Question 18

____ refers to claims or statements that superficially appear to be scientific but are not.

Question 19

One of the weakest forms of evidence in the scientific method that is prevalent in pseudoscience is reliance on ____ .

Question 20

Tim believes that because evolutionary psychologists speculate that the ability to lie is adaptive,it must be okay to lie to his parents.Tim has committed the ____.

Question 21

For a scientific claim to be meaningful,it must be capable of being disproven.This is the critical thinking principle of ____.

Question 22

____ refers to the idea that a study's results have been independently verified by others and are not simply the result of chance or coincidence.