Deck 6: The Primates

Question 1

All nonhuman primates are quadrupeds.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The primate order can be broken down into two suborders including the suborder __________.

A) strepsirhines Strepsirhini
B) prosimians Prosimii
C) haplorhines Haplorhini
D) all of these

Answer 2

all of these

Question 3

Humans and apes are members of the __________ infraorder.

A) prosimian
B) anthropoid
C) haplorhine
D) strepsirhine

Answer 3

haplorhine

Question 4

A mammal from the eutheria group __________.

A) will carry young in an abdominal pouch
B) lays eggs
C) does not produce milk
D) nourishes the embryo via a placenta

Question 5

Mammals in the __________ group reproduce without a placenta.

A) prototheria
B) eutheria
C) metatheria
D) all of these

Question 6

The Australian platypus is a member of the prototheria group. Therefore, it __________.

A) gives birth to live young and feeds them from a nipple in an abdominal pouch
B) lays eggs
C) has a placenta
D) does not produce milk

Question 7

Most living nonhuman primate species are under threat of extinction.

Question 8

There are a total of more than __________ primate taxa.

A) 350
B) 1,000
C) 1,700
D) 2 million

Question 9

Members of the haplorhine infraorder closely resemble the earliest primates.

Question 10

Nonhuman primates exhibit a surprising lack of diversity of size and form.

Question 11

Biological anthropologists are interested in nonhuman primates because __________.

A) we share a common ancestry
B) studying their evolutionary history can teach us about evolutionary processes in general
C) because they are intrinsically interesting
D) all of these

Question 12

The strepsirhine infraorder includes __________.

A) lemurs
B) tarsiers
C) monkeys
D) none of these

Question 13

Only certain marsupial mammals can undergo diapause.

Question 14

Primates are members of the __________ group.

A) prokaryotic
B) eutheria
C) prototheria
D) metatheria

Question 15

Many strepsirhines move __________.

A) with bipedal walking
B) by arm swinging
C) by vertical clinging and leaping
D) by mostly swimming

Question 16

About __________ mammal species exist today.

A) 400
B) 2,000
C) 4,000
D) 200

Question 17

All primates have a fully opposable thumb and hallux.

Question 18

Monkeys __________.

A) tend to swing from branch to branch
B) travel by vertical clinging and leaping
C) move mostly on the ground
D) run and leap along branches

Question 19

The primate body plan is highly specialized.

Question 20

In general, primates are typified by __________.

A) large brains
B) a high degree of learned behavior
C) grasping hands
D) all of these

Question 21

The bony orbital closure is more complete in haplorhines than it is in strepsirhines.

Question 22

Most haplorhines have a dental formula including __________.

A) 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars
B) 2 incisors, 2 canines, 3 premolars, and 2 molars
C) 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 2 molars
D) 2 incisors, 2 canines , 2 premolars, and 2 molars

Question 23

The tarsier is an __________.

A) haplorhine and a anthropoid
B) strepsirhine and a hominin
C) strepsirhine and a prosimian
D) haplorhine and a prosimian

Question 24

What do prosimians and strepsirhines have in common?

A) a reliance on olfaction
B) diurnality
C) complex social systems
D) speech

Question 25

Which of the following is associated more so with haplorhines?

A) a less complete bony orbital closure
B) color vision
C) a petrosal bulla
D) smaller brains

Question 26

The arboreal hypothesis attributes primate characteristics to __________.

A) living on the ground
B) giving birth to live young
C) preying on insects
D) none of these

Question 27

Which of the following is true of galagos and lorises?

A) they are nocturnal
B) they use olfactory communication
C) they are largely solitary
D) all of these

Question 28

Which of the following can be found on Madagascar?

A) tarsiers
B) lorises
C) monkeys
D) lemurs

Question 29

Primate teeth are __________.

A) highly specialized
B) include enormous canine teeth
C) include heavy grinding molars similar to those of grazing animals
D) none of these

Question 30

Nearly all primate species give birth to single offspring.

Question 31

Which of the following is true of primates?

A) they live longer lives than all the other mammals
B) they grow up faster than other mammals
C) they rely on instinct more so than other mammals
D) they have an extended ontogeny

Question 32

The arm of a(n) __________ has a full range of motion.

A) ape
B) strepsirhine
C) monkey
D) vertical clinger and leaper

Question 33

Encephalization refers to __________.

A) bones in the inner ear
B) color vision and a bony eye socket
C) visual communication
D) the volume of the neocortex

Question 34

Lemur species __________.

A) are all nocturnal
B) eat only fruit
C) range in size from two ounces to 20 pounds
D) can be found from Africa to India

Question 35

Primates achieve stereoscopic vision by having __________.

A) forward-facing eyes
B) large eyes
C) eyes that see well at night
D) round eyes

Question 36

Diurnal primates __________.

A) see only in black and white
B) rarely eat fruits
C) have a greater need for color vision
D) rarely have bony eye sockets

Question 37

The petrosal bulla __________.

A) covers and protects parts of the inner ear
B) is only found in primates
C) is a part of the skeletal system
D) all of these

Question 38

is perhaps the most fundamental social adaptation that characterizes most primates.

A) A nocturnal lifestyle
B) Solitary living
C) Sociality
D) Extended ontogeny

Question 39

Primates usually have at the ends of their digits.

A) claws
B) suction pads
C) flat nails
D) chemo receptors

Question 40

Unlike many mammals, primates tend to be __________.

A) diurnal
B) nocturnal
C) olfactory-based
D) small

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT true of gibbons?

A) they sometimes have secretive matings outside of their pair bonds
B) they are among the least vocal of all nonhuman primates
C) they are highly arboreal
D) they range is size from 10 - 25 pounds

Question 42

At least __________ primate species are critically endangered.

A) 250
B) 150
C) 50
D) 25

Question 43

Chimpanzee societies are less cohesive and stable than those of most other nonhuman primates.

Question 44

Which of the following is true of most chimpanzee females?

A) they are bigger than chimp males
B) they emigrate after reaching maturity
C) they band together in polyandrous societies
D) they travel in large independent groups

Question 45

Humans belong to the __________ family.

A) Hylobatidae
B) Pongidae
C) Hominoidea
D) Homininae

Question 46

Which of the following is true of orangutans?

A) they are highly arboreal
B) they are very solitary
C) their reproduction is strongly influenced by food supply
D) all of these

Question 47

There are no New World monkey species with prehensile tails.

Question 48

Which of the following is largest?

A) gibbons
B) orangutans
C) gorillas
D) bonobos

Question 49

Old World monkeys can be found in __________.

A) Central Mexico
B) South America
C) the Middle East
D) Australia

Question 50

Nearly all threatened nonhuman primate species live __________.

A) in developing countries
B) near cities
C) in Central America
D) in Africa

Question 51

All platyrrhines __________.

A) have a relatively large body size
B) have three premolar teeth
C) are primarily terrestrial
D) all of these

Question 52

Which of the following is not true of gorillas?

A) gorillas are extremely sexually dimorphic
B) gorilla infanticide is rare
C) females give birth every four years
D) gorillas live in highly cohesive groups

Question 53

Threats to primates include

A) forest clearing
B) the bushmeat trade
C) poaching for the live animal trade
D) all of these

Question 54

Which of the following are more closely related to ourselves?

A) gorillas
B) lemurs
C) orangutans
D) bonobos

Question 55

Catarrhine species share __________.

A) ischial callosities
B) bilophodont molars
C) a greater degree of sexual dimorphism than Platyrhine species
D) all of these

Question 56

Animals in the hominoid taxon __________.

A) all form large societies
B) are all exclusively frugivorous
C) all have brachiator anatomy
D) are all highly arboreal

Question 57

Old World monkeys, apes, and humans are in the infraorder __________.

A) Prosimii
B) Catarrhini
C) Platyrrhinii
D) Pongidae

Question 58

The Hominoid superfamily includes __________.

A) humans
B) New World monkeys
C) Old World monkeys
D) tarsiers

Question 59

The New World monkeys are classified in the infraorder __________.

A) Prosimii
B) Catarrhinii
C) Platyrrhinii
D) Pingidae

Question 60

Orangutans are highly sexually dimorphic.

Question 61

A frugivorous primate must contend with __________.

A) secondary compounds
B) high fiber
C) competition
D) thorns

Question 62

How do primates differ from other mammals in terms of encephalization and ontogeny? How are these related?

Question 63

What are the major primate characteristics? How are these features explained by the arboreal hypothesis? How does Cartmill's visual predation hypothesis explain these features?

Question 64

The special area used by a primate group is its __________.

A) territory
B) core area
C) home range
D) shelter boundary

Question 65

Explain two possible reasons why nonhuman primates are territorial.

Question 66

Outline and describe the three mammal groups. Where do primates fit into this taxonomy?

Question 67

Citing specific examples, relate the characteristics shared by haplorhines.

Question 68

Some primates form polyspecific groups, made up of two, three, or more species that travel and feed together.

Question 69

Crepuscular primates forage __________.

A) mostly at night
B) only at midday
C) on an irregular schedule
D) at dawn and dusk

Question 70

Trees and __________ are in a long-running symbiosis.

A) folivores
B) frugivores

Question 71

Which of the following is a difference between chimpanzees and bonobos?

A) bonobos do not hunt
B) only bonobo males engage in border clashes
C) bonobo females do not emigrate
D) bonobo females can achieve more dominance status

Question 72

Activity budgets are tightly linked to __________.

A) animal size
B) dietary quality
C) group size
D) habitat

Question 73

The Chimpanzee diet includes __________.

A) fruit
B) insects
C) meat
D) all of these

Question 74

Citing specific examples, relate the characteristics shared by strepsirhines.

Question 75

Citing examples, explain the relationship between activity budget and dietary quality. What is a possible relationship between activity budget, dietary quality, and brain evolution?

Question 76

The very largest primates tend to eat __________.

A) leaves
B) insects
C) meat
D) fruit

Question 77

Most primates are herbivores.

Question 78

Describe the main differences between New World monkeys and Old World monkeys.

Question 79

When feeding competition occurs, but enough food exists so that every animal nevertheless gets some food, has occurred.

A) scramble feeding competition
B) contest feeding competition
C) intergroup feeding competition
D) no feeding competition

Question 80

From a tree's perspective, what is preferred - frugivore neighbors or folivores neighbors? How does this relate to primate diet and ecology?