Deck 9: State and Church in the High Middle Ages 1000-1300

Question 1

How did the creation of the Parlement of Paris affect royal authority?

A)The monarchy gained unchallenged authority over issues of taxation and finance throughout France.
B)The emergence of a feudal legislature created a counterweight to royal authority that limited the king's control over taxes.
C)The Parlement claimed the right to establish its own military forces, thus eliminating the king's monopoly on legal violence.
D)By appealing decisions of feudal courts to the Parlement, French people recognized the superiority of royal justice.

Answer 1

By appealing decisions of feudal courts to the Parlement, French people recognized the superiority of royal justice.

Question 2

How did officials seek to ensure that witnesses gave truthful testimony?

A)They held the right to charge anyone who gave false testimony with blasphemy and hand them over to church courts.
B)They were required to thoroughly investigate the background of witnesses before accepting their testimony.
C)They took cash or goods from witnesses as a pledge that their testimony was truthful.
D)They appointed the local priest to require witnesses to swear on the church altar as to the truthfulness of their testimony.

Answer 2

They took cash or goods from witnesses as a pledge that their testimony was truthful.

Question 3

The record of William the Conqueror's survey of England is known as

A)the Magna Carta.
B)the Domesday Book.
C)common law.
D)canon law.

Answer 3

the Domesday Book.

Question 4

Why did Otto I select the city of Aachen for his coronation as emperor?

A)To lay claim to all the lands that Charlemagne had ruled from France to Eastern Europe
B)To clearly mark the creation of the Holy Roman Empire as a unified political system under his command
C)To demonstrate to the Viking raiders that he had no fear of their raids and he could protect his land even along the coast
D)To symbolize his intention to continue the tradition of Charlemagne and to demonstrate papal support for his rule

Question 5

How did the understanding of criminal activity change from the early to High Middle Ages?

A)In the early Middle Ages major crimes were understood as acts against individuals, while in the High Middle Ages suspects were punished for acting against the public interest.
B)In the early Middle Ages crimes were understood as a result of pagan excesses, while in the High Middle Ages crimes were seen as a rejection of church authority.
C)In the early Middle Ages crimes were understood to be personal moral failings, while in the High Middle Ages crimes were understood through the Christian doctrine of original sin.
D)In the early Middle Ages crimes were understood to be random, inexplicable events, while in the High Middle Ages crimes were viewed as a result of an imbalance of humors or fluids in the body.

Question 6

What role did the sheriffs play in English governance?

A)Unpaid officials from well-off families, the sheriffs collected taxes, apprehended and tried criminals, and raised infantry.
B)High-ranking noblemen, the sheriffs were responsible for organizing groups of knights for civil defense.
C)Elected officials in towns and cities, sheriffs enforced laws related to guilds and craft production and also managed local markets during fairs.
D)Appointed by church officials, sheriffs were responsible for uncovering heretics and bringing them before church courts.

Question 7

From what sources did the English king obtain most of his income?

A)Annual gifts and money seized by pirating in the English Channel, along with plunder from warfare
B)Import and export duties along with money from crimes and the sale of criminals as slaves
C)Taxes and the sale of prisoners of war as slaves, along with piracy in the English Channel
D)Taxes and annual gifts, along with money paid for settling disputes and as penalties for crimes, and from his private feudal lands

Question 8

The conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV concerned

A)whether royal officials were subject to church courts.
B)whether church lands were subject to royal taxation.
C)whether church officials were subject to royal courts.
D)whether church officials were appointed by the crown or by the pope.

Question 9

What was the curia?

A)The college of cardinals who elected the pope
B)The parish clergy
C)The clerics who served as royal officials
D)The papal bureaucracy and court of law

Question 10

The Lateran Council of 1059 decreed that the authority to elect the pope rested with

A)the bishops.
B)the college of cardinals.
C)the Holy Roman emperor.
D)Europe's kings.

Question 11

Why did Frederick II establish the University of Naples?

A)To train physicians to treat those infected with disease
B)To train officials to serve in his bureaucracy
C)To train priests so that they would be prepared for missionary work outside of Europe
D)To train military officers in the use of new warfare technologies

Question 12

How did the Battle of Legnano mark a military milestone?

A)A feudal cavalry of armed knights was decisively defeated by an army composed primarily of infantry from the cities.
B)Gunpowder technologies were used in Western warfare to decisive advantage.
C)The long bow altered the intimacy of warfare by permitting warfare to occur at great distances.
D)A feudal cavalry coordinated its attack with naval forces in order to attack from land and sea simultaneously.

Question 13

With the defeat of the Muslims in central regions of the Iberian Peninsula, how was the society of the region transformed?

A)Muslims and Christian societies were allowed to intermingle for the first time and found that they shared many cultural values and traditions.
B)The Islamic populations were created as a secondary class of citizens, paying heavy taxes and providing required work hours for city governments.
C)Muslims were expelled from the region, and immigrants from across Christian Europe were recruited to come to the region.
D)Muslims were required to pay light duties for the privilege of sustaining their faith but were not permitted to intermingle with Christians in public.

Question 14

What was the central issue in the conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket?

A)Whether royal officials were subject to church courts
B)Whether church lands were subject to royal taxation
C)Whether church officials were subject to royal courts
D)Whether church officials were appointed by the crown or the pope

Question 15

How did the practice of simony affect the church?

A)It permitted the church to raise large sums of money on church lands without having to pay royal taxes, thus creating conflicts between kings and the papacy.
B)It resulted in a clergy who sometimes obtained church positions for political or economic reasons with little concern for their religious obligations.
C)It created independent church courts that made church officials feel invulnerable in their conflicts with secular rulers.
D)It permitted church officials to adapt doctrine to different localities based on local cultural traditions, thus expanding the range of spiritual expression allowed by the church.

Question 16

What was the fundamental principle of French administration?

A)The king's word was itself law, and his edicts could not be resisted or overturned.
B)The rule of status, in which the evidence and testimony of a nobleman is preferred to that of a commoner, must always be supported.
C)Officials should gain their power from their connection to the monarchy and not from their own wealth or local alliances.
D)The prerogative of the king always trumps the claims of the church.

Question 17

Why was Philip II of France given the title "Augustus" by his biographer?

A)Because of his success in establishing his dominance over the nobility
B)Because of his success establishing his dominance over the church in France
C)Because of his success in vastly extending the territory of his realm
D)Because of his success repelling the Vikings

Question 18

How did common law as developed in England differ from the general practices of law in Europe?

A)Common law accepted the concept of community norms as a criterion for determining punishments for specific crimes.
B)Common law asserted that the framework for law and justice must derive from the people rather than be imposed by authorities.
C)Common law rejected the idea that judicial procedures must be regularized or nationalized.
D)Common law relied heavily on precedent, diminishing the importance of written law codes.

Question 19

How did the realms of England and France differ by the twelfth century?

A)The realm of England enjoyed general peace under the control of the Angevin kings, while the king of France faced constant warfare from his dukes.
B)The English realm lacked any system for taxation, greatly reducing the king's authority, while the French king had established land taxes that enhanced his authority.
C)The king in England lacked a military under royal control, while the French king benefited from a royal army directly loyal to him.
D)The king in England ruled over a unified realm, but the kingdom in France consisted of virtually independent provinces.

Question 20

What principle did the Magna Carta come to signify?

A)Everyone, including the king and his government, must obey the law.
B)The people have a right to representative government.
C)Kings do not have authority over the lands or personnel of the church.
D)The courts may declare a king's edicts void.

Question 21

The following is a passage from the Domesday Book: "So very narrowly did he have it investigated, that there was no single hide [a hide was a measure of land large enough to support one family], nor yard of land, nor indeed . . . one ox nor one cow nor one pig was there left out, and not put down in his record: and all these records were brought to him afterwards."
Who ordered the investigation described in this passage?

A)William the Conqueror
B)Henry II
C)Pope Leo III
D)Roger de Hauteville

Question 22

By 1350, Roman Catholic Europe was ___________ the size it had been in 950.

A)half
B)double
C)four times
D)ten times

Question 23

Which Archbishop of Canterbury died as a result of the conflict over the judicial reforms of King Henry II and church law?

A)Bede
B)Gregory
C)Becket
D)Benedict

Question 24

The following passage is from the records of the English Exchequer, the administrative body in charge of royal finances: "Alice, countess of Warwick, renders account of £1000 and 10 palfreys [the type of horse ridden by women] to be allowed to remain a widow as long as she pleases, and not to be forced to marry by the king. And if perchance she should wish to marry, she shall not marry except with the assent and on the grant of the king, where the king shall be satisfied; and to have the custody of her sons whom she has from the earl of Warwick her late husband."
To which of the following did the countess of Warwick agree?

A)To only remarry with the king's assent
B)To remain a widow forever
C)To marry the king's brother as soon as possible
D)To enter a convent and become a nun

Question 25

The permanent legacy of the Crusades includes the deep bitterness between Christians and Muslims and

A)the establishment of European states in the Middle East.
B)the extension of European control of the Holy Land until the twentieth century.
C)continued and flourishing commercial contact between Europeans and Muslims.
D)the establishment of cultural ties between Europe and the Islamic world.

Question 26

Which of the following best characterizes the impact of the Crusades on Jewish-Christian relations?

A)The Crusades transformed Jewish-Christian relations.
B)The Crusades had little impact on Jewish-Christian relations.
C)The Crusades were a boon for Jewish-Christian relations.
D)The Crusades were a disaster for Jewish-Christian relations.

Question 27

The following passage is from the papal bull Unam Sanctam (Evaluating the Evidence 9.2), issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302: "If, therefore, the earthly power err, it shall be judged by the spiritual power; and if a lesser power err, it shall be judged by a greater. But if the supreme power [the papacy] err, it can only be judged by God, not by man. . . . For this authority, although given to a man and exercised by a man, is not human, but rather divine, given at God's mouth to Peter and established on a rock for him and his successors. . . ."
According to Boniface, who or what had the power to judge the papacy when the papacy committed an alleged error?

A)The College of Cardinals
B)The Holy Roman Emperor
C)Secular kings
D)God

Question 28

In the following passage, Honorius of Autun offered advice to knights: "Soldiers: You are the arm of the Church, because you should defend it against its enemies. Your duty is to aid the oppressed, to restrain yourself from rapine and fornication, to repress those who impugn the Church with evil acts, and to resist those who are rebels against priests. Performing such a service, you will obtain the most splendid of benefices from the greatest of Kings."
This passage can be seen as an expression of which of the following?

A)The ideals of the common law
B)The ideals of chivalry
C)The principles of Roman law
D)The actual behavior of most knights

Question 29

What is the term used to define the developed ideal of nobility and knighthood?

A)Simony
B)Primogeniture
C)Investiture
D)Chivalry

Question 30

How did the papal decree Periculoso affect the lives of nuns?

A)Nuns were required to take on charitable work as their central activity, running schools and hospitals for the poor.
B)Nuns were permitted to adopt children as family members so that they could pass property on to them.
C)Nuns were required to be permanently cloistered within the walls of a convent, with limited contacts with those outside.
D)Nuns were required to financially support their own convents so as to not be a drain on church resources.

Question 31

The following passage is from the papal bull Unam Sanctam (Evaluating the Evidence 9.2), issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302: "And we learn from the words of the Gospel that in this Church and in her power are two swords, the spiritual and the temporal. . . . Truly he who denies that the temporal sword is in the power of Peter, misunderstands the words of the Lord, 'Put up thy sword into the sheath.' Both are in the power of the Church, the spiritual sword and the material. But the latter is to be used for the Church, the former by her; the former by the priest, the latter by kings and captains but at the will and by the permission of the priest. The one sword, then, should be under the other, and temporal authority subject to spiritual. . . ."
Based on this passage, with which of the following statements would Boniface have agreed?

A)The church has authority over spiritual, not secular, matters.
B)Kings are superior to popes in some, but not all, matters.
C)The church is the supreme authority in Christendom.
D)The church should strive to support the goals of secular leaders.

Question 32

What was the term given to ecclesiastical laws known as "church law"?

A)Common law
B)Canon law
C)Investiture
D)Papal curia

Question 33

Identify the form of law practiced in English courts under Henry II, which developed legal procedures that relied on precedent in civil court.

A)Canon law
B)Primogeniture
C)Common law
D)Trial by ordeal

Question 34

How did middle-class city dwellers in Europe benefit from the Crusades?

A)With many nobles gone on crusade, the middle class established themselves as the dominant authorities in most regions.
B)They obtained more church offices and secured control over the development of the Crusades.
C)They managed the special taxes raised to support the Crusades.
D)They lent money to nobles to participate in the Crusades, then seized the nobles' lands if they could not repay the loan or failed to return.

Question 35

Who were the Albigensians?

A)Islamic converts in Spain
B)Muslim people living on the coast of the Adriatic Sea
C)A heretical sect active in southern France
D)A Jewish group living in towns along the Rhine River

Question 36

Which of the following is a key feature of the modern state?

A)An expansionary foreign policy
B)A close connection between secular and spiritual authorities
C)Definite geographical boundaries
D)Decentralized political authority

Question 37

After the Albigensian Crusade, how did the papacy continue to root out heresy?

A)It placed priests in every village.
B)It made rulers morally accountable for their subjects' heresy.
C)It established the Inquisition to seek out suspected heretics.
D)It eliminated many universities, believing they had been centers of heretical thought.

Question 38

Throughout the ninth century, the ____________ made a concerted effort to conquer and rule all of Anglo-Saxon England.

A)papacy
B)Vikings
C)Moors
D)French

Question 39

What qualification did the Dominican Order prefer their friars to possess in order to reach the needs of the urban, middle, and wealthy classes?

A)Medical knowledge and skills
B)Agricultural knowledge and skills
C)Knowledge of math and science
D)University degrees

Question 40

What was the monastic military order founded in Jerusalem in 1119 C.E.?

A)Knights Templars
B)Teutonic Knights
C)Cistercians
D)Dominicans

Question 41

What was chivalry and what qualities and behaviors did it promote?

Question 42

How did Roger de Hauteville maintain political stability in the Kingdom of Sicily?

Question 43

What was the central issue in the investiture crisis?

Question 44

What are the defining characteristics of the modern state?

Question 45

Which of the following was true of the clergy prior to 1000?

A)Priests were required to attend university.
B)There were many married priests.
C)Most priests were selected by the ordinary people of their parish.
D)Clergy who purchased their offices could expect to be punished severely.

Question 46

The first sign of medieval monastic reform came in 909, when William the Pious, duke of Aquitaine, established

A)the abbey of Cluny in Burgundy.
B)the Franciscan order.
C)the Dominican order.
D)the Benedictine monastery at Monte Cassino.

Question 47

Unless he was destined for the church, a typical noble boy could expect to

A)be placed in the household of one of his father's friends or relatives.
B)live a life of leisure until age eighteen.
C)spend most of his time studying Latin and rhetoric.
D)remain in his father's house until he was married.

Question 48

Describe the medieval church's attitude toward violence.

Question 49

Which of the following was true of common law in England?

A)It helped cement the importance of written law codes in England.
B)It relied on precedent to resolve lawsuits.
C)It was championed by the Roman Catholic Church.
D)It was staunchly opposed by England's monarchs.

Question 50

The Crusades were wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of

A)Spain from the Muslims.
B)Jerusalem from the Muslims.
C)Constantinople from the Byzantines.
D)southern Italy from the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 51

How did England expand the authority of the central government in the High Middle Ages?

Question 52

How did the "Gregorian reforms" seek to change the church?

Question 53

In the early Middle Ages, noble status was generally

A)granted to all landowners, big or small.
B)purchased, rather than inherited.
C)limited to urban dwellers.
D)limited to a very few families.

Question 54

What thirteenth-century French king launched the crown's effort to create a royal judicial system?

A)Louis IX
B)Frederick II
C)Henry II
D)Charles V

Question 55

What was the most notable asset of the Crusader army that travelled to the Holy Land in 1096?

A)Its skilled and experienced leaders
B)The religious zeal of its members
C)Its vast and unmatched financial resources
D)Its experience with conditions in the Middle East

Question 56

Pope Gregory VII was strongly opposed to

A)the use of excommunication.
B)the formation of new female convents.
C)lay investiture.
D)clerical celibacy.

Question 57

Describe the position and powers of a medieval abbess.

Question 58

Francesco di Bernardone was the founder of which of the following monastic orders?

A)The Benedictines
B)The Cistercians
C)The Dominicans
D)The Franciscans

Question 59

How was the idea of Christendom understood in the High Middle Ages?

Question 60

Who were the Albigensians and what did they believe?

Question 61

Answer the following questions:
common law

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 62

Answer the following questions:
friars

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 63

Answer the following questions:
college of cardinals

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 64

Answer the following questions:
reconquista

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 65

Answer the following questions:
primogeniture

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 66

Answer the following questions:
simony

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 67

What was the central conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket? Why was this issue so important to Henry?

Question 68

Answer the following questions:
canon law

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 69

Answer the following questions:
Domesday Book

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 70

What factors facilitated the expansion of Latin Christian civilization in the period covered by this chapter?

Question 71

The Crusades are probably the greatest symbol of the religious enthusiasm of the age. What were the goals of the Crusades? Who were the targets? What motivated people to go on crusade besides religious zeal? How do we account for the Crusades' general failure? How were the Crusades viewed by the Muslims, as indicated by the evidence from Thinking Like a Historian: Christian and Muslim Views of the Crusades? What lasting impact did they have?

Question 72

Answer the following questions:
Christendom

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 73

Answer the following questions:
Crusades

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 74

Answer the following questions:
indulgences

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 75

The relationship between church and state in Europe throughout the Middle Ages was complicated. In what ways did the political revival of secular monarchies affect the church, and how did church reform efforts affect the secular monarchies? Which benefited more, the church or the secular rulers?

Question 76

Answer the following questions:
Holy Roman Empire

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 77

Answer the following questions:
Magna Carta

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 78

The lay investiture controversy had its greatest impact on the German Empire. Briefly trace the narrative of the controversy. What was the main issue? Why did lay investiture cause greater concern in Germany than in France and England? Who were the ultimate winners and losers in this battle?

Question 79

Answer the following questions:
excommunication

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.

Question 80

Answer the following questions:
chivalry

A)Code of conduct in which fighting to defend the Christian faith and protecting one's countrymen was declared to have a sacred purpose.
B)A general inquiry about the wealth of his lands ordered by William of Normandy.
C)The buying and selling of church offices, a policy that was officially prohibited but often practiced.
D)The loose confederation of principalities, duchies, cities, bishoprics, and other types of regional governments stretching from Denmark to Rome and from Burgundy to Poland.
E)A special group of high clergy with the authority and power to elect the pope and the responsibility to govern the church when the office of the pope is vacant.
F)A penalty used by the Christian Church that meant being cut off from the sacraments and all Christian worship.
G)Groups of monastic houses following a particular rule.
H)Wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of Jerusalem and surrounding territories from the Muslims from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth centuries.
I)The Christian term for the conquest of Muslim territories in the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
J)Men belonging to certain religious orders who did not live in monasteries but out in the world.
K)A body of English law established by King Henry II's court that in the next two or three centuries became common to the entire country.
L)A peace treaty intended to redress the grievances that particular groups had against King John; it was later viewed as the source of English rights and liberty more generally.
M)Church law, which had its own courts and procedures.
N)Grants by the pope that lessened or eliminated the penance that sinners had to pay on earth and in purgatory before ascending to heaven.
O)The term used by early medieval writers to refer to the realm of Christianity.
P)An inheritance system in which the oldest son inherits all land and noble titles.