Deck 5: Cells: the Working Units of Life

Question 1

The cytoskeleton consists of

A) cilia, flagella, and microfilaments.
B) cilia, microtubules, and microfilaments.
C) internal cell walls.
D) microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.
E) calcified microtubules.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which structure is generally present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic plant cells?

A) Chloroplasts
B) Cell wall
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondria
E) Microtubules

Answer 2

Cell wall

Question 3

The surface area-to-volume ratio of an object can be decreased by

A) cutting it into smaller pieces.
B) flattening it.
C) stretching it.
D) making it spherical.
E) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A general function of all cellular membranes is to

A) regulate which materials can cross the membrane.
B) support the cell and determine its shape.
C) produce energy for the cell.
D) produce proteins for the cell.
E) move the cell.

Question 5

What must cells do in order to survive?

A) Obtain and process energy
B) Convert genetic information into proteins
C) Keep certain biochemical reactions separate from one another
D) Both a and b
E) All of the above

Question 6

Most plant and animal cells are

A) smaller than a chloroplast.
B) smaller than most bacteria.
C) large enough to be seen with a light microscope.
D) smaller than small molecules.
E) large enough to be seen with the unaided eye.

Question 7

Which statement about plastids is true?

A) They are found in prokaryotes.
B) They are surrounded by a single membrane.
C) They are the sites of cellular respiration.
D) They are found only in fungi.
E) They may contain several types of pigments or polysaccharides.

Question 8

Which structure is not surrounded by one or more membranes?

A) Ribosome
B) Chloroplast
C) Mitochondrion
D) Peroxisome
E) Vacuole

Question 9

The major factor limiting cell size is the

A) concentration of water in the cytoplasm.
B) need for energy.
C) presence of membrane-enclosed organelles.
D) ratio of surface area to volume.
E) composition of the plasma membrane.

Question 10

Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an electron microscope because

A) electron beams have more energy than light beams.
B) electron microscopes focus light with magnets.
C) electron microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes.
D) electrons have such high energy that they pass through biological samples.
E) living cells can be observed under the electron microscope.

Question 11

The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell

A) can be increased by increasing the volume of the cell.
B) can be decreased by decreasing the surface area.
C) explains why cells are small.
D) is of little significance to maintaining cell homeostasis.
E) None of the above

Question 12

How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm cube compare to the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 3-mm cube?

A) The 3-mm cube has a higher ratio.
B) The ratio increases as the cube becomes larger.
C) Increasing the volume increases the ratio.
D) The ratio decreases as the cube becomes larger.
E) The ratio does not change.

Question 13

If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?

A) The macromolecules in the cytosol would break down.
B) More proteins would be made.
C) The DNA within mitochondria would break down.
D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts would divide.
E) There would be no change in cell function.

Question 14

The Golgi apparatus

A) is found only in animals.
B) is found in prokaryotes.
C) is the appendage that moves a cell around in its environment.
D) is a site of rapid ATP production.
E) modifies and packages proteins.

Question 15

Which statement about mitochondria is not true?

A) The inner mitochondrial membrane folds to form cristae.
B) The outer membrane is relatively permeable to macromolecules.
C) Mitochondria are green because they contain chlorophyll.
D) Fuel molecules from the cytosol are used for respiration in mitochondria.
E) ATP is synthesized in mitochondria.

Question 16

Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea

A) have nuclei.
B) have chloroplasts.
C) are multicellular.
D) are prokaryotes.
E) have flagella.

Question 17

Which statement about the plant cell wall is not true?

A) Its principal chemical components are polysaccharides.
B) It lies outside the plasma membrane.
C) It provides support for the cell.
D) It completely isolates adjacent cells from one another.
E) It is semirigid.

Question 18

A prokaryotic cell does not have a _______ or _______.

A) nucleus; membrane-bound organelles
B) nucleus; DNA
C) nucleus; ribosomes
D) nucleus; membranes
E) cell wall; membranes

Question 19

What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

A) A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
B) A prokaryotic cell does not have DNA, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
C) A prokaryotic cell is smaller than a eukaryotic cell.
D) Prokaryotic cells have not prospered, whereas eukaryotic cells are evolutionary "successes."
E) A prokaryotic cell cannot obtain energy from its environment.

Question 20

Microfilaments

A) are composed of polysaccharides.
B) are composed of actin.
C) allow cilia and flagella to move.
D) make up the spindle that aids the movement of chromosomes.
E) maintain the position of the chloroplast in the cell.

Question 21

The role of organelles is to

A) provide structural support for the cell.
B) decrease the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
C) increase the efficiency of cellular activities.
D) provide a means of cellular reproduction.
E) regulate the flow of traffic inside the cell.

Question 22

In some prokaryotic organisms, the plasma membrane folds to form an internal membrane system that is able to

A) carry on photosynthesis.
B) engulf and phagocytize bacteria.
C) synthesize proteins.
D) propel the cell.
E) hydrolyze carbohydrates to ATP.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is true?

A) It contains pores for the passage of large molecules.
B) It is composed of two membranes.
C) It contains ribosomes on the inner surface.
D) Both a and b
E) All of the above

Question 24

You would not expect to find RNA in which of the following structures?

A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Vacuole
D) Ribosome
E) Prokaryotic cell

Question 25

A specialized structure found in some prokaryotes is the

A) cell wall.
B) ribosome.
C) cytosol.
D) mitochondrion.
E) chloroplast.

Question 26

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the

A) plasma membrane.
B) nucleus.
C) ribosome.
D) nucleoid region.
E) mitochondria.

Question 27

Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the

A) flagellum.
B) pilus.
C) cytoplasm.
D) cell wall.
E) peptidoglycan molecule.

Question 28

A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell's activities is the

A) chloroplast.
B) nucleus.
C) flagellum.
D) vacuole.
E) centriole.

Question 29

Biological membranes in a eukaryotic cell

A) separate the cell from its environment.
B) regulate what goes into and out of the cell.
C) help maintain a constant internal environment.
D) communicate with adjacent cells.
E) All of the above

Question 30

The cytosol

A) is a static region of the cell.
B) contains DNA.
C) is composed largely of water.
D) supports the cell and determines its shape.
E) chemically modifies proteins and other molecules.

Question 31

Of the following structures of an animal cell, the one with the largest volume is the

A) cilium.
B) mitochondrion.
C) lysosome.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosome.

Question 32

Specialized cellular appendages of prokaryotes that help bacteria adhere to one another when they exchange genetic material are called

A) the Golgi apparatus.
B) cilia.
C) flagella.
D) pili.
E) b, c, and d

Question 33

Which of the following is (are) found in prokaryotic cells?

A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplasts
C) Nuclear membrane
D) Ribosomes
E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Ribosomes are the structures in which

A) chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.
B) cell division is controlled.
C) genetic information is used to make proteins.
D) sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy.
E) new organelles are made.

Question 35

Ribosomes are made up of

A) DNA and RNA.
B) DNA and proteins.
C) RNA and proteins.
D) proteins.
E) DNA.

Question 36

If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would

A) no longer be able to swim.
B) lose some of its ability to adhere to other cells.
C) no longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
D) dry out.
E) change its shape.

Question 37

Prokaryotic cells generally are smaller than eukaryotic cells because

A) prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources.
B) prokaryotes have a capsule that limits cell growth.
C) the rigid cell wall of prokaryotes limits cell size.
D) prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed for protein synthesis.
E) only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

A) A plasma membrane
B) A nuclear envelope
C) A nucleoid
D) Ribosomes
E) Enzymes

Question 39

Ribosomes are not found in

A) mitochondria.
B) chloroplasts.
C) the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) prokaryotic cells.
E) the Golgi apparatus.

Question 40

The membrane surrounding each organelle

A) is composed of hydrophobic proteins.
B) regulates traffic into and out of the cell.
C) is studded with ribosomes.
D) allows for interactions among molecules.
E) is perforated with pores.

Question 41

Proteins from the Golgi are transported to the correct location by means of

A) glycoproteins found on the packaged proteins.
B) the general flow of vesicles within the cell.
C) the control provided by the nucleus.
D) motor proteins.
E) microtubules.

Question 42

A component of the nucleus that may be involved in the aging process is the

A) nuclear lamina.
B) nuclear pore.
C) nuclear matrix.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nuclear envelope.

Question 43

A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that

A) provides a backup to the primary lysosomes.
B) is smaller than a primary lysosome.
C) will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome.
D) is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome.
E) has exocytosed.

Question 44

Cells that perform little protein synthesis but are involved with protein modification typically have large numbers or amounts of

A) RER.
B) mitochondria.
C) ribosomes.
D) SER.
E) lysosomes.

Question 45

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

A) nucleus.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) nucleolus.
D) plasma membrane.
E) mitochondria.

Question 46

One difference between plant and animal cells is that

A) only animal cells have mitochondria.
B) only animal cells contain centrioles.
C) plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane.
D) plant cells lack a cytoskeleton.
E) only plant cells have peroxisomes.

Question 47

The function of the nuclear pores is to

A) synthesize and repair DNA, the unit of genetic information.
B) assemble ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
C) communicate with components of the endomembrane system.
D) regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane.
E) support the nuclear envelope.

Question 48

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that

A) lacks ribosomes.
B) is the oldest and was once the smooth ER.
C) has ribosomes attached to it.
D) is connected to the Golgi apparatus.
E) is the site of steroid synthesis.

Question 49

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosomes
E) Plastids

Question 50

Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed of

A) microtubules.
B) DNA and protein.
C) fibrous proteins.
D) cytoskeleton.
E) membranes.

Question 51

The DNA of mitochondria

A) is needed to hydrolyze monomers.
B) is used to make proteins needed for cellular respiration.
C) directs photosynthesis.
D) controls the cell's activities.
E) synthesizes polysaccharides for the plant cell wall.

Question 52

In the mitochondria, "food" molecules are converted to ATP by a process known as

A) cellular respiration.
B) metabolism.
C) diffusion.
D) metabolic processing.
E) catabolism.

Question 53

Cholesterol is synthesized by

A) chloroplasts.
B) lysosomes.
C) the SER.
D) the Golgi.
E) mitochondria.

Question 54

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true?

A) They are the sites where autophagy occurs.
B) They provide turgor in plant cells.
C) They may contain anthocyanins that aid in pollination.
D) They are found only in plants.
E) They may have arisen through endosymbiosis.

Question 55

An organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like pancakes is the

A) mitochondrion.
B) chloroplast.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E) flagellum.

Question 56

Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain

A) photosynthetic pigments.
B) starch molecules for energy storage.
C) their own DNA molecules.
D) the cells' waste materials.
E) digestive enzymes.

Question 57

Cells that synthesize a large amount of protein, such as _______ cells, are packed with rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A) liver
B) glandular
C) red blood
D) skin
E) brain

Question 58

What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes?

A) Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) Free ribosomes produce proteins in the cytosol, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins that are inserted into the ER.
C) Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
D) Both a and b
E) Both a and c

Question 59

Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by

A) the Golgi apparatus.
B) ribosomes within the mitochondrion.
C) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D) ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E) ribosomes within chloroplasts.

Question 60

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

A) increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.
B) create membrane-enclosed compartments within the mitochondrion.
C) increase the surface area for the exchange of substances across the membrane.
D) anchor the mitochondrial DNA.
E) have no known purpose.

Question 61

An organelle with an internal cross-section showing a characteristic "9 + 2" morphology is the

A) mitochondrion.
B) vacuole.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) flagellum.
E) cytoskeleton.

Question 62

The surface area of the small intestine is greatly increased by

A) microtubules.
B) pili.
C) thylakoid membranes.
D) myosin.
E) microvilli.

Question 63

Cilia

A) are shorter and more numerous than flagella.
B) are composed of microfilaments.
C) are composed of intermediate filaments.
D) propel ribosomes through the cytoplasm.
E) are needed for plasmodesmata to function.

Question 64

The overall shape of a cell is determined by its

A) cell membrane.
B) cytoskeleton.
C) nucleus.
D) cytosol.
E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 65

Of the following plant cell structures, which is most likely to have the greatest volume?

A) Glyoxysome
B) Lysosome
C) Chromosome
D) Ribosome
E) Vacuole

Question 66

Chloroplasts are the structures in which

A) chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.
B) cell division is controlled.
C) genetic information is used to make proteins.
D) sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy.
E) new organelles are made.

Question 67

The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in organelles called

A) chloroplasts.
B) proplastids.
C) protoplasts.
D) leucoplasts.
E) chromoplasts.

Question 68

Microtubules are composed of monomers of

A) $\alpha$ - and $\beta$ -tubulin.
B) $\delta$ - and $\lambda$ -actin.
C) $\rho$ - and $\sigma$ -myosin.
D) $\kappa$ tubules.
E) $\kappa$ actinomin.

Question 69

Components of chloroplasts include

A) grana and thylakoids.
B) chromatin and nucleoplasm.
C) cristae and matrix.
D) a trans region and a cis region.
E) lysosomes and phagosomes.

Question 70

Which of the following structures is (are) involved with maintaining the position of the organelles within a cell?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
E) Intermediate filaments

Question 71

Hair and intermediate filaments are composed of

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) collagen.
D) hydroxyapatite.
E) keratin.

Question 72

Starch molecules are stored inside

A) chromoplasts.
B) granularplasts.
C) chloroplasts.
D) potatoplasts.
E) leucoplasts.

Question 73

Chloroplasts are a kind of

A) leucoplast.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) chromoplast.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) plastid.

Question 74

Which of the following is a function of a plant cell vacuole?

A) Storage of toxic by-products and wastes
B) Support for the cell
C) Containment of animal-attracting pigments that aid in pollination
D) Hydrolysis of seed proteins into plant embryo food
E) All of the above

Question 75

Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?

A) Cilium
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondrion
D) Glyoxysome
E) Peroxisome

Question 76

Which of the following is not a function of vacuoles?

A) Contributing to plant survival
B) Helping plants maintain turgor pressure
C) Containing pigments that aid in pollination
D) Aiding in plant embryo development
E) Helping to anchor the cell in place

Question 77

The DNA of a chloroplast is located in the

A) intermembrane space.
B) matrix.
C) cristae.
D) stroma.
E) granum.

Question 78

Microtubules are made of

A) actin, and they function in locomotion.
B) tubulin, and they are essential in chromosome distribution during mitosis.
C) tubulin, and they are found in microvilli.
D) actin, and they function to change cell shape.
E) polysaccharides, and they function in locomotion.

Question 79

Which type of organelle is found in plants but not in animals?

A) Ribosomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Nuclei
D) Plastids
E) None of the above

Question 80

Microvilli are created by projections of

A) microtubules.
B) actin.
C) myosin.
D) intermediate filaments.
E) None of the above