Deck 9: Relationships

Question 1

Approximately ______% of men and women who have extramarital affairs become divorced.

A) 25
B) 10
C) 33
D) 50

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the ______________ pathway of long-term relationships, the way a couple gets along at the outset of the marriage will continue throughout the length time they stay together.

A) disillusionment
B) dyadic withdrawal
C) enduring dynamics
D) emergent distress

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Research by Bonnanno and colleagues (2002) on grief in widows found that the majority of women displayed the pattern known as ____________ grief.

A) depressive
B) resilient
C) abnormal
D) reliant

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 2008, a woman marrying for the first time at 30 years of age would be approximately ___________ compared to the average age of first marriage for a woman in Canada.

A) 10 years older
B) 4 years older
C) the same age
D) 3 years younger

Question 5

A couple in their 30s is thinking of getting married. One partner is very outgoing and sociable, and the other is introverted and shy. According to the ____________ hypothesis on long-term relationships, they should be very happy together.

A) need complementarity
B) socioemotional selectivity
C) marital similarity
D) social inequity

Question 6

A couple who had initially seemed destined to remain together for years, if not decades, surprised their families when they announced their impending divorce. Neither of them could cite a particular problem; they just felt they grew apart. This pattern of long-term relationship is known as:

A) disillusionment
B) enduring dynamics
C) emergent distress
D) marital disharmony

Question 7

A couple decided to move in together because they were unsure about whether or not they wanted to commit to a long-term relationship. They figured they'd give it a try. Should they get married, research suggests that they will potentially experience the __________ effect:

A) social equity
B) cohabitation
C) similarity
D) attachment

Question 8

According to __________________ theory, members of a couple in a long-term relationship should prefer to spend time with each other rather than people they don't know very well.

A) behavioral interaction
B) socioemotional selectivity
C) need complementarity
D) social exchange

Question 9

The highest marital satisfaction, according to the similarity hypothesis, occurs when couples:

A) have similar values but different personalities.
B) start out different and then become more alike.
C) are very much alike in their personalities.
D) start out alike and then become very different.

Question 10

The widowhood effect refers to the finding that individuals whose spouses die, compared to those still married, have higher:

A) involvement in their communities.
B) percentages of "good" cholesterol.
C) rates of dying from all causes.
D) ratings of relationships with children.

Question 11

According to Statistics Canada (2012), which of the following groups is MOST likely to be living alone in residences for seniors housing?

A) women 75 - 84 years of age
B) men 75-84 years of age
C) men 85 and older
D) women 85 and older

Question 12

Couples in long-term relationships characterized by emergent distress show which pattern of conflict over time?

A) initial unhappiness followed by improved ways of handling conflict
B) continued inability to handle stress and conflict
C) initial happiness which evolves into high levels of conflict
D) gradual disappointment with each other and the relationship

Question 13

The ______________approach to marital satisfaction predicts greater happiness when couples engage in positive behaviors such as expressing affection.

A) similarity
B) equity
C) social exchange
D) behavioral

Question 14

Anne became a widow 20 years ago and has not remarried. Compared to other women her age who are currently married, Anne is likely to engage in which types of health-related behaviors?

A) Eating more fruits and vegetables.
B) Drinking lower amounts of alcohol.
C) Eating foods lower in fat.
D) Engaging in less physical activity.

Question 15

In equity theory, partners are seen as having the highest marital satisfaction if they:

A) come from similar backgrounds and have similar values.
B) evaluate the costs of being in the couple as greater than the benefits.
C) believe they are each contributing similarly to the relationship.
D) have a complementary set of social attitudes and values.

Question 16

A couple you know has recently gotten married. Research shows that the husband will be happiest with his wife if she shows the quality of:

A) dependability.
B) athleticism.
C) sociability.
D) impulsiveness.

Question 17

Research on adapting to divorce shows that the least frequent negative emotions are experienced by people who:

A) are the ones to initiate the divorce.
B) feel they've gained independence.
C) share co-parenting or a business.
D) cut off all communication with each other.

Question 18

The ___________ effect refers to the fact that widows are more likely to die after losing their spouse.

A) mortality
B) equity
C) similarity
D) widowhood

Question 19

Compared to opposite-sex couples living together, research shows that same-sex couples are:

A) more likely to be of the same race.
B) less likely to share household roles.
C) less likely to break up.
D) more bound to traditional values.

Question 20

Many adults who enter into remarriages are more likely to leave because they are open to the relationship's ending; these individuals are said to be high on the factor known as:

A) divorce proneness.
B) social equity.
C) reciprocal exchange.
D) behavioral instability.

Question 21

The intergenerational stake hypothesis about families with adult children proposes that:

A) parents care more about children than children about parents.
B) adult children will get along better with each other if are close in age.
C) grandparents and grandchildren will relate better than parents and children.
D) children will be more likely to love parents who give them extra attention.

Question 22

A 40-year-old man was disappointed that his family reunion was spoiled when the older relatives clashed with the younger relatives about the upcoming presidential election. No matter what he did, it was impossible for him to get each side to see the other's point. According to the Intergenerational Solidarity Model, the generations would have low scores on the ____________ dimension.

A) normative.
B) maturity.
C) consensual
D) ambivalence.

Question 23

According to the _____________, parents tend to give more support to their adult children who need the most help.

A) contingency theory
B) intergenerational stake hypothesis
C) role reversal model
D) intergenerational solidarity model

Question 24

The "anniversary reaction," as applied to widowhood, refers to the:

A) increase in mortality in the months following loss of a spouse.
B) renewed feelings of loss near the date of the spouse's death.
C) feelings of relief after a long period of caregiving has ended.
D) unwillingness of widows to date for a year after the spouse's death.

Question 25

Research shows that lesbian and gay couples experience more emotional difficulties in raising children when they:

A) live in states that do not favour same-sex parental adoption.
B) are overwhelmed by support from their families.
C) are protected from experiences involving homophobia.
D) have their children through adoption or surrogacy.

Question 26

Research on "helicopter parents" among young adults and their parents indicates that adult children who receive "intense" support from their parents report feeling:

A) overly nurtured and unwilling to live on their own.
B) more likely to want to become parents themselves.
C) resentful that they have not been given enough freedom.
D) more likely to have high feelings of life satisfaction.

Question 27

The sibling relationship in later adulthood is unique because siblings typically:

A) have known each other longer than anyone else in their lives.
B) are at the most positive end of the consensual dimension.
C) have the most ambivalent relationships of all family ties.
D) interact with each other more than with any other family member.

Question 28

The greatest degree of filial _________is likely to be experienced by Asian American families.

A) maturity
B) reciprocity
C) solidarity
D) obligation

Question 29

Men who become most confident about their roles as fathers are those who:

A) adopt traditional gender roles in the home.
B) have high-paying jobs with flexible hours.
C) are regarded as competent by their wives.
D) were older brothers of younger sisters.

Question 30

The phenomenon known as doing _________ occurs after the transition to parenthood, when men and women adopt more stereotyped roles in the household.

A) sex
B) roles
C) gender
D) baby

Question 31

In a meta-analysis of studies on satisfaction among couples before and after birth of the first child, Mitnick and colleagues (2009) showed that compared to non-parents, the parents:

A) improved in overall and relationship satisfaction.
B) declined in relationship but improved in overall satisfaction.
C) showed about the same relationship satisfaction decline.
D) showed about the same personal satisfaction increase.

Question 32

The relatives in a young woman's family see each other only for major holidays and family events on average about two or three times a year, even though they live within 30 minutes from each other. Based on this information, you would rate this family as on the negative end of which dimension of the Intergenerational Solidarity Model?

A) Affectual
B) Normative
C) Associational
D) Structural

Question 33

A study of Canadian parents showed that the greatest difficulty in adapting to the empty nest was experienced by parents who:

A) feel that it's time to release control over their children.
B) believe that the world is a dangerous and threatening place.
C) strongly identify with their vocational roles.
D) wish they could relive their own earlier days of youth.

Question 34

When children reach the age at which they enter adulthood, they and their parents experience a phenomenon known as:

A) filial anxiety.
B) blending families.
C) empty nesting.
D) filial maturity.

Question 35

A young woman feels that her parents treated her too much like an adult when she was growing up, giving her more responsibility than even she felt she could handle. This situation reflects a relationship characterized by:

A) associational strength.
B) structural ambivalence.
C) consensual pressure.
D) filial obligation.

Question 36

The situation in families when parents and their adult children differ in how much they value their relationship and whether they wish to be independent is known as a(n):

A) intergenerational stake.
B) developmental schism.
C) disillusionment pathway.
D) skip generation.

Question 37

Research conducted in Vancouver on the so-called "empty nest syndrome" showed that feelings of unhappiness following the children's leaving the home were most prominent among parents of which ethnicity?

A) Western European
B) Indo/East Indian
C) Latino/Latina
D) Eastern European

Question 38

The phenomenon in families known as "doing gender" describes what happens when parents:

A) have children all of one sex.
B) live together with their in-laws.
C) divide children's chores according to sex.
D) behave according to traditional roles.

Question 39

A woman felt that her relationship with her partner took a turn for the worse when, after having their first child, she had to take on more of the "feminine" household tasks. This is an example of _____________, a factor that can contribute to reduced marital satisfaction among women in the transition to parenthood.

A) doing gender
B) enacting roles
C) changing places
D) exchanging duties

Question 40

According to your text, in North America nearly __________ of women aged 65 and over are widowed.

A) One-third One-half
B) Two-thirds
C) Three-quarters

Question 41

The role of grandparenting to aging individuals is shown by researchers to:

A) decrease as children grow older.
B) affect older more than younger adults.
C) be important to their mental health.
D) be more important to men than women.

Question 42

What are the risks and benefits involved in grandparents raising grandchildren?

Question 43

According to Frotto's (2002) study of adult friendship patterns approximately ______% have known their best friends for at least 10 years.

A) 65
B) 10
C) 34
D) 91

Question 44

Summarize the three forms of "filial" attitudes as these exist in the relationships between adult children and their parents.

Question 45

What are three factors that influence the extent to which an adult daughter experiences caregiver stress?

Question 46

What is the living situation known as a skip generation family?

A) An extended family all lives in one home.
B) Grandparents retire and move away.
C) Parents and grandparents live with the children.
D) Grandparents alone raise the grandchildren.

Question 47

In Canada what is the approximate percentage of grandparents aged 65 to 74 years raising grandchildren?

A) 14.
B) 30
C) 8
D) 22 .

Question 48

In a test of the intergenerational solidarity model, researchers found that siblings were likely to exchange more help with each other when their parents:

A) provided them with a great deal of support.
B) moved away after they retired.
C) showed favoritism toward one sibling.
D) had poor relationships with all of their children.

Question 49

How does culture affect the empty nest syndrome?

Question 50

Married couples who are best friends with each other may show __________. in which they try to take on the positive qualities of the other couple.

A) dyadic withdrawal
B) platonic couple love
C) role reversal
D) filial maturity

Question 51

Contrast the major approaches to analyzing marital satisfaction.

Question 52

Siblings in later life who exchange more help, according to research on a Netherlands sample, are likely to have had parents who:

A) favored one sibling over another.
B) had poor relationships with all their children.
C) underwent divorce when they were young.
D) treated all their children equally well.

Question 53

What are the three changes that can occur in friendships of partners in long-term relationships?

Question 54

A study in the Netherlands of parents and adult children testing the Intergenerational Solidarity Model showed that when parents had poor relationships with their children, the siblings:

A) became negative on the affectual dimension.
B) experienced structural ambivalence.
C) exchanged more help with each other.
D) were more likely to engage in role reversal.

Question 55

What are the pros and cons to helicopter parenting?

Question 56

Describe three factors that influence the quality of the marital relationship as it changes over the transition to parenthood.

Question 57

What are the three friendship styles identified in adulthood?

Question 58

Skip generation families involve grandparents in the role of:

A) Fun seeker
B) Surrogate parent
C) Formal grandparent
D) Distant figure .

Question 59

Your friends from the gym, who you only see when you work out or go to a group fitness class, are known as which type of friends?

A) acquisitive links
B) amicable associates
C) reciprocal pals
D) peripheral ties

Question 60

What factors account for the cohabitation effect? How would you explain the different rates across the provinces?

Question 61

What are the common features or dimensions shared by models of adult child-parent, grandparent, and sibling relationship?

Question 62

Summarize the trends over the past 50 years in marriage and family statistics and provide an analysis of the causes of these changes.

Question 63

Describe how the developmental schism might apply to fathers and sons.

Question 64

Think of an example of a recent film in which the relationship between friends in adulthood was portrayed. What themes are present in media depictions of friendships that might provide a useful way to approach research on this topic?

Question 65

Provide an analysis of the transition to parenthood from a biopsychosocial perspective.