Deck 10: Endocrine System

Question 1

___________ are released within a tissue and affect the function of neighboring cells within that tissue.

A)Exocrine secretions
B)Neuroendocrines
C)Neurotransmitters
D)Paracrine signals

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which statement is incorrect? The secretion of a hormone from some endocrine glands is controlled by

A)a secretion released by an exocrine gland.
B)a chemical change in the blood.
C)nerve impulses from the nervous system.
D)a hormone secreted by another enodcrine gland.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The secretion of follicular-stimulating is controlled by

A)the concentration of water in body fluids.
B)a releasing hormone from hypothalamus.
C)a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.
D)the nerve impulses from hypothalamus.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

________ stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.

A)Oxytocin
B)Growth hormone
C)Prolactin
D)Follicular-stimulating hormone
E)Luteinizing hormone

Question 5

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones ______ pass across the plasma membrane; they cause the target cells to _______ that produce the characteristic effects of the hormones.

A)can; activate or inactivate the cellular enzymes
B)cannot; activate or inactivate the cellular enzymes
C)cannot; synthesize specific proteins
D)can; synthesize specific proteins

Question 6

________ hormones bind to a receptor on the ________, which releases an enzyme that converts ATP into cAMP.

A)Steroid and thyroid; nuclear membrane
B)Steroid and thyroid; plasma membrane
C)Nonsteroid; plasma membrane
D)Nonsteroid; nuclear membrane

Question 7

The secretion of prolactin is controlled by

A)the concentration of water in body fluids.
B)a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.
C)a releasing hormone from hypothalamus.
D)the nerve impulses from hypothalamus.

Question 8

Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands because

A)exocrine glands are made using cuboidal and columnar epithelia, while endocrine glands are not.
B)endocrine glands are widespread in the body, while exocrine glands are only found near the body surface.
C)exocrine glands produce hormones, while endocrine glands do not.
D)exocrine glands have a duct to carry their secretions, while endocrine glands do not.

Question 9

A hormone is a chemical messenger that produces specific responses in

A)all body cells.
B)only cells of internal organs.
C)only cells with receptors for that hormone.
D)only cells adjacent to the endocrine gland secreting the hormone.

Question 10

The secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone is controlled by

A)the concentration of water in body fluids.
B)a releasing hormone from hypothalamus.
C)a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.
D)the nerve impulses from hypothalamus.

Question 11

The secretion of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by

A)the concentration of water in body fluids.
B)the nerve impulses resulting from stretching of uterus or stimulation of nipples.
C)a releasing hormone from hypothalamus.
D)a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.

Question 12

________ hormones bind with an intracellular receptor to form a ________, which activates specific genes.

A)Steroid and thyroid; receptor-hormone complex
B)Steroid and thyroid; DNA-mRNA complex
C)Nonsteroid; receptor-hormone complex
D)Nonsteroid; DNA-mRNA complex

Question 13

________ stimulates milk secretion and maintains milk production by mammary glands.

A)Follicular-stimulating hormone
B)Luteinizing hormone
C)Oxytocin
D)Growth hormone
E)Prolactin

Question 14

________ stimulates the production of sperm in testes.

A)Follicular-stimulating hormone
B)Growth hormone
C)Oxytocin
D)Luteinizing hormone
E)Prolactin

Question 15

The secretion of oxytocin is controlled by

A)the concentration of water in body fluids.
B)a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.
C)the nerve impulses resulting from stretching of uterus or stimulation of nipples.
D)a releasing hormone from hypothalamus.

Question 16

Nonsteroid hormones ______ pass across the plasma membrane; they cause the target cells to _______ that produce the characteristic effects of the hormones.

A)can; activate or inactivate the cellular enzymes
B)cannot; synthesize specific proteins
C)can; synthesize specific proteins
D)cannot; activate or inactivate the cellular enzymes

Question 17

The secretion of growth hormone is controlled by

A)a releasing hormone from hypothalamus.
B)the nerve impulses from hypothalamus.
C)the concentration of water in body fluids.
D)a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.

Question 18

________ stimulates the contraction of mammary glands when nursing infant.

A)Growth hormone
B)Prolactin
C)Follicular-stimulating hormone
D)Oxytocin
E)Luteinizing hormone

Question 19

___________ are hormones released by neurons and enter the blood for distribution throughout the body.

A)Exocrine secretions
B)Neurotransmitters
C)Neuroendocrines
D)Paracrine signals

Question 20

The secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone is controlled by

A)a releasing hormone from hypothalamus.
B)a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.
C)the concentration of water in body fluids.
D)the nerve impulses from hypothalamus.

Question 21

________ is(are) important during infancy and childhood for normal development of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems.

A)Thyroid hormones
B)Cortisol
C)Growth hormone
D)Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 22

Which of the following hormones stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth?

A)oxytocin
B)luteinizing hormone
C)prolactin
D)follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 23

_________ results from the hypersecretion of thyroid hormones and is thought to be an autoimmune disorder.

A)Cretinism
B)Simple goiter
C)Myxedema
D)Graves disease

Question 24

_________ inhibits Ca²⁺ deposition by osteoblasts and Ca²⁺ excretion by the kidneys.

A)Aldosterone
B)Calcitonin
C)Parathyroid hormone
D)Thyroid hormones

Question 25

_________ stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones.

A)A releasing hormone from the posterior lobe of pituitary gland
B)A releasing hormone from hypothalamus
C)A releasing hormone from the anterior lobe of pituitary gland
D)The nerve impulses from a nerve

Question 26

ADH promotes

A)water retention by the kidneys.
B)water and sodium retention by the kidneys.
C)water excretion by the kidneys.
D)water and sodium excretion by the kidneys.

Question 27

__________ help(s) the body to cope with chronic stress.

A)Cortisol
B)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
C)Calcitonin
D)Thyroid hormones

Question 28

Acromegaly results from the

A)hypersecretion of GH during childhood and adulthood.
B)hyposecretion of GH during childhood.
C)hyposecretion of GH during childhood and adulthood.
D)hypersecretion of GH during childhood.
E)hypersecretion of GH during adulthood.

Question 29

The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine is controlled by

A)a releasing hormone from the pituitary gland.
B)the nerve impulses from the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)the nerve impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.
D)a change of blood glucose level.

Question 30

Pituitary dwarfism is caused by the

A)hyposecretion of GH during childhood and adulthood.
B)hyposecretion of GH during childhood.
C)hypersecretion of GH during childhood.
D)hypersecretion of GH during adulthood.
E)hypersecretion of GH during childhood and adulthood.

Question 31

_________ results from a severe hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in adults.

A)Graves disease
B)Cretinism
C)Myxedema
D)Simple goiter

Question 32

_________ stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin.

A)A releasing hormone from the pituitary gland
B)The nerve impulses from a nerve
C)An increase in blood Ca²⁺ concentration
D)A decrease in blood Ca²⁺ concentration

Question 33

________ is(are) the primary factor(s) that determine(s) the basal metabolic rate of the body.

A)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B)Cortisol
C)Thyroid hormones
D)Growth hormone

Question 34

_________ is an enlargement of thyroid gland that results from a deficiency of iodine in the diet.

A)Myxedema
B)Simple goiter
C)Cretinism
D)Graves disease

Question 35

The secretion of ________ is controlled by a ________ mechanism.

A)oxytocin; positive-feedback
B)oxytocin; negative-feedback
C)antidiuretic hormone; negative-feedback
D)antidiuretic hormone; positive-feedback

Question 36

_________ stimulates Ca²⁺ deposition by osteoblasts and Ca²⁺ excretion by the kidneys.

A)Parathyroid hormone
B)Calcitonin
C)Thyroid hormones
D)Aldosterone

Question 37

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the

A)adrenal cortex.
B)adrenal madulla.
C)pancreas.
D)kidneys.

Question 38

_________ activates vitamin

A)Cortisol
B)T₃
C)Calcitonin
D)
D)Parathyroid hormone

Question 39

_________ results from a severe hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in infants.

A)Simple goiter
B)Graves disease
C)Cretinism
D)Myxedema

Question 40

__________ prepare(s) the body to meet short-term stress.

A)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B)Calcitonin
C)Cortisol
D)Thyroid hormones

Question 41

The hormone(s) that regulate(s) wake-sleep cycles is(are) _________ produced by the ________ gland.

A)melatonin; posterior lobe of the pituitary
B)melatonin; pineal
C)growth hormone; anterior lobe of the pituitary
D)thymosins; thymus

Question 42

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

A)a reduction of the insulin receptors on target cells.
B)a severe hypersecretion of ADH.
C)a severe hyposecretion of ADH.
D)a reduction of ADH receptors on the target cells.
E)the hyposecretion of insulin due to destruction of beta cells.

Question 43

Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by

A)a severe hyposecretion of ADH.
B)the hyposecretion of insulin due to destruction of the beta cells.
C)a reduction of ADH receptors on the target cells.
D)a reduction of the insulin receptors on target cells.
E)a severe hypersecretion of ADH.

Question 44

The secretion of estrogens is controlled by

A)the nerve impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.
B)GH.
C)FSH.
D)LH.

Question 45

Addison disease results from the

A)hypersecretion by the adrenal cortex.
B)hyposecretion by the adrenal medulla.
C)hyposecretion by the adrenal cortex.
D)hypersecretion by the adrenal medulla.

Question 46

________ is the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that stimulates the kidneys to retain ________ and maintains blood volume and blood pressure.

A)Parathormone; calcium ions
B)Aldosterone; sodium ions
C)Aldosterone; potassium ions
D)Cortisol; glucose

Question 47

The secretion of testosterone is controlled by

A)the nerve impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.
B)FSH.
C)GH.
D)LH.

Question 48

Cushing syndrome results from the

A)hypersecretion by the adrenal medulla.
B)hyposecretion by the adrenal cortex.
C)hyposecretion by the adrenal medulla.
D)hypersecretion by the adrenal cortex.

Question 49

The hormone _________ stimulates movement of glucose into body cells and the conversion of glucose into glycogen.

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)cortisol
D)epinephrine

Question 50

_________ stimulate(s) the development and maturation of the male reproductive organs and the secondary sex characteristics.

A)Testosterone
B)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
C)Progesterone
D)Estrogens

Question 51

The thymus gland is typically ________ in children than adults, and is involved in the maturation of _________.

A)smaller; lymphocytes
B)larger; lymphocytes
C)smaller; neurons
D)larger; neurons

Question 52

Type I diabetes mellitus is caused by

A)a severe hypersecretion of ADH.
B)a reduction of the insulin receptors on target cells.
C)a reduction of ADH receptors on the target cells.
D)a severe hyposecretion of ADH.
E)the hyposecretion of insulin due to destruction of the beta cells.

Question 53

_________ is characterized by a decrease in blood Ca²⁺ level, which may result in cardiac arrest and tetany of skeletal muscles.

A)Cushing syndrome
B)Hyperparathyroidism
C)Addison disease
D)Hypoparathyroidism
E)Hyperthyroidism

Question 54

_________ is characterized by high blood pressure, high blood glucose level, fat accumulation on the trunk, fatigue, and edema.

A)Hyperparathyroidism
B)Hyperthyroidism
C)Addison disease
D)Hypoparathyroidism
E)Cushing syndrome

Question 55

_________ is characterized by soft and weak bones that are prone to spontaneous fractures and may lead to the formation of kidney stones.

A)Addison disease
B)Hyperparathyroidism
C)Hyperthyroidism
D)Cushing syndrome
E)Hypoparathyroidism

Question 56

_________ stimulate(s) the development and maturation of the female reproductive organs and the secondary sex characteristics.

A)Testosterone
B)Estrogens
C)Progesterone
D)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 57

________ is secreted by alpha cells of pancreas, its secretion is stimulated by ________ in blood glucose level.

A)Insulin; a decrease
B)Glucagon, an increase
C)Glucagon, a decrease
D)Insulin; an increase

Question 58

________ is secreted by beta cells of pancreas, its secretion is stimulated by ________ in blood glucose level.

A)Glucagon, an increase
B)Glucagon, a decrease
C)Insulin; a decrease
D)Insulin; an increase

Question 59

_________ prepare(s) the uterus for receiving a preembryo and maintain(s) the pregnancy.

A)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B)Testosterone
C)Progesterone
D)Estrogens

Question 60

The secretion of cortisol is controlled by

A)a releasing hormone from the pituitary gland.
B)the nerve impulses from the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)the nerve impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.
D)a decrease in blood concentration of sodium ions.

Question 61

________ increase(s) metabolic rate and promote(s) protein synthesis.

A)Growth hormone
B)Thyroid hormones
C)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
D)Cortisol

Question 62

________ promote(s) protein synthesis, increase(s) the release of fat from adipose tissue, and stimulate(s) the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

A)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B)Cortisol
C)Growth hormone
D)Thyroid hormones

Question 63

The adrenal androgens

A)promote the early development of female reproductive organs.
B)contribute to the female sex drive, have no significant effect on adult males.
C)contribute to the male sex drive, have no significant effect on adult females.
D)promote the early development of male and female reproductive organs.

Question 64

________ reduce(s) inflammation.

A)Thyroid hormones
B)Cortisol
C)Epinephrine
D)Aldosterone

Question 65

________ maintain(s) the normal balance of Na⁺ and K⁺ in body fluid.

A)Cortisol
B)Epinephrine
C)Thyroid hormones
D)Aldosterone

Question 66

________ promote(s) the conversion of noncarbohydrate nutrients to glucose.

A)Thyroid hormones
B)Aldosterone
C)Epinephrine
D)Cortisol

Question 67

The hypothalamus regulates hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland using ________, while it regulates the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland using ________.

A)nerve impulses; hormones
B)hormones; nerve impulses
C)hormones; hormones
D)nerve impulses; nerve impulses

Question 68

________ increase(s) metabolic rate and stimulate(s) the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

A)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B)Growth hormone
C)Cortisol
D)Thyroid hormones