Deck 5: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Question 1

In the results section of an APA-style report, a qualitative researcher will detail which of the following?

A) the interview script
B) background information on the hypothesis
C) references of works cited in the paper
D) central themes that re-occur throughout the interview

Answer 1

central themes that re-occur throughout the interview

Question 2

_____ is any way that the interviewer influences the participants' responses.

A) Reflexivity
B) Triangulation
C) Interviewer bias
D) Replication

Answer 2

Interviewer bias

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of quantitative research?

A) researcher attempts to minimize his/her influence in the research process
B) generally does not seek to establish cause-and-effect
C) provides conclusions using summaries, categories, and generalizations
D) favors studying participants in well-controlled laboratory settings

Answer 3

generally does not seek to establish cause-and-effect

Question 4

Carl is a relatively judgmental individual who holds a number of preconceived notions about everyone he meets. Assuming you introduce him to someone new, which type of processing is he likely to use to form an impression?

A) bottom-up
B) top-down
C) reflexive
D) inductive

Question 5

Barbra Walters is known for her well-prepared questions, whereas Howard Stern is known to follow a story and create questions "on the fly." The difference between their interview styles can best be explained by:

A) Barbra's use of unstructured interviews and Howard's use of structured interviews.
B) Barbra's use of unstructured interviews and Howard's use of semi-structured interviews.
C) Barbra's use of structured interviews and Howard's use of unstructured interviews.
D) Barbra's use of semi-structured interviews and Howard's use of structured interviews.

Question 6

How might a researcher engage in triangulation?

A) use the same techniques multiple times
B) use different techniques to obtain different information
C) study the same participants at multiple times
D) employ multiple techniques to assess the same information

Question 7

The systematic analysis of communication in which researchers organize responses in order to summarize the substance of the communication is known as _____ analysis.

A) conversation
B) content
C) grounded theory
D) critical incident

Question 8

A(n) _____ is a comprehensive description of a specific organization, group, or person studied over a length of time that contains information from a variety of sources.

A) case study
B) correlation
C) focus group
D) experiment

Question 9

Grounded theory technique is an approach in which researchers:

A) use information from participants to generate the categories and build a theory.
B) organize responses in order to summarize the substance of the communication is known.
C) examine the natural patterns of dialogue that focuses on features such as turn taking, gaze direction, and how speakers sequence speech.
D) make predictions based on theory and then gather information that will allow them to accept or reject that prediction.

Question 10

News reporters often use _____ analyses to tell the story of their interviewees.

A) qualitative
B) quantitative
C) mixed method
D) experimental

Question 11

Rochelle is about to interview a participant. If she is interested in conducting a successful interview, she should NOT:

A) become knowledgeable about the interviewee.
B) practice her questions, pronunciation, and delivery.
C) prepare segues to transition between topics.
D) spend time thinking about her questions while the participant to speaking.

Question 12

Which of the following is true?

A) Qualitative research aims to find generalizable conclusions.
B) Qualitative research does not use statistics.
C) Quantitative research focuses on detailed descriptions and explanations.
D) Qualitative research generally takes place in a research laboratory.

Question 13

The _____ approach looks at pieces of the whole, whereas the ____ approach examines participants' perceptions of a situation to understand its meaning.

A) holistic; stratified
B) holistic; phenomenological
C) phenomenological; mixed model
D) phenomenological; situated

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an interview format?

A) structured
B) unstructured
C) semi-unstructured
D) semi-structured

Question 15

In the _____ approach, researchers gather information before forming concrete ideas about how variables are related.

A) top-down
B) bottom-up
C) top-up
D) bottom-down

Question 16

Leon mailed out 2,000 copies of a questionnaire aimed at assessing people's feelings toward a proposed tax increase. He received 200 completed responses. In drawing conclusions about his findings, he should be most concerned about:

A) interviewer bias.
B) observer bias.
C) social desirability bias.
D) nonresponse bias.

Question 17

Cause-and-effect relationships are best examined using:

A) a bottom-up approach.
B) qualitative research.
C) quantitative research.
D) a top-down approach.

Question 18

If Stephanie is measuring the visual-dominance ratio of each participants' eye contact and gazing behavior when they are the speaker and the listener, she is most likely conducting a(n) _____ analysis.

A) conversation
B) grounded theory
C) content
D) archival

Question 19

When should the most sensitive questions be asked?

A) at the beginning of an interview
B) in the middle of an interview
C) at the end of an interview
D) strategically throughout the entire interview

Question 20

A campaign manager is trying to ascertain how her client is doing in the field. She decides to conduct a _____ to allow voters to openly discuss the pros and cons of her candidate.

A) poll
B) case study
C) focus group
D) visual ethnography

Question 21

Content analysis can be used on all of the following data formats, EXCEPT:

A) magazine articles.
B) today's weather.
C) speeches.
D) advertisements.

Question 22

In qualitative research, how do interviewers maintain confidentiality?

A) only state the participants' name in published reports
B) not ask for participants' names
C) use a pseudonym
D) mix-up participants' names so they are assigned to different responses

Question 23

Which is the correct order of operations in a bottom-up approach?

A) gather information; formulate theory; explore patterns
B) formulate theory; gather information; explore patterns
C) explore patterns; formulate theory; gather information
D) gather information; explore patterns; formulate theory

Question 24

A researcher wants to transform some data. It is possible for her to transform _____ data into _____ data.

A) qualitative; quantitative
B) quantitative; archival
C) quantitative; qualitative
D) qualitative; archival

Question 25

Which of the following may subtly create a more formal interview environment that deters the establishment of rapport between interviewer and interviewee?

A) warm-up questions
B) attractive appearance
C) nonverbal communications of openness
D) professional attire

Question 26

Maximo is a proponent of qualitative research. Accordingly, he is likely to prefer that data:

A) are averaged across participants.
B) are reported in terms of central tendency.
C) contain participants' thoughts in their own words.
D) are inferred from behavioral measures.

Question 27

Which of the following formats for an interview would provide the greatest amount of data?

A) face-to-face
B) email
C) instant message
D) telephone

Question 28

Conversation analysis is a technique that involves:

A) the systematic analysis of communication in which researchers organize responses in order to summarize the substance of the communication.
B) the process of using multiple techniques to assess the same information.
C) an examination of the natural patterns of dialogue that focuses on features such as turn taking, gaze direction, and how speakers sequence speech.
D) numbers and statistics to objectively examine associations between variables, predict outcomes, and make comparisons.

Question 29

Lawrence is on trial for a misdemeanor crime. Although he looks professional and upstanding in court, they prosecutor brings in his Facebook posts, which portray him in a negative light. In this case, Lawrence could be convicted because of:

A) archival data.
B) situated data.
C) holistic data.
D) phenomenological data.

Question 30

Learning about qualitative research methods will serve psychologists in each of the following roles, EXCEPT when:

A) conducting scholarship interviews.
B) doing some investigative reporting.
C) using statistics to find patterns in numerical data.
D) serving on a job-search committee.

Question 31

A(n) _____ interview is one in which the researcher anticipates potential topics but does not plan specific questions.

A) structured
B) unstructured
C) semi-unstructured
D) semistructured

Question 32

Scott is interviewing a nurse about health care. He begins his interview by saying, "My name is Scott. I am here to interview you as part of my research class. I would like to ask you questions about your job and your background in hopes of writing up what I find and submitting it to a journal for potential publication. I would like to record our interview. Let's start by having you tell me how you feel about the impact that the Affordable Care Act has had on your hospital." What is wrong with Scott's interview technique?

A) He fails to identify himself.
B) He does not ask enough opinion questions.
C) He is using language that is too elevated for his subject.
D) He does not create any rapport with the interviewee.

Question 33

The research strategy that involves using multiple techniques to assess the same information in different ways is called:

A) holistic analysis.
B) triangulation.
C) reflexivity.
D) situated analysis.

Question 34

Which research method seeks to generalize results to a broader population?

A) qualitative research
B) quantitative research
C) mixed methods research
D) bottom-up approach

Question 35

Jennifer recruits individuals who met a romantic partner through a dating website as participants for a focus group about online dating practices. Her results reveal that there is no stigma associated with this form of relationship initiation. Which of the following is most likely influencing her results?

A) interviewer bias
B) observer bias
C) volunteer bias
D) context bias

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of qualitative research?

A) It favors studying participants in well-controlled laboratory settings.
B) The researcher has a large influence in the research process and acknowledges biases that may stem from that role.
C) This approach values each participant's perspective and insight into their own experience.
D) It avoids summating, categorizing, or reducing data in any way during data collection.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a "warm up" question?

A) they less sensitive
B) they are not offensive
C) they are general
D) they are personal

Question 38

_____ research uses statistics to objectively examine relationships, whereas _____ research uses words to understand participants' unique experiences.

A) Qualitative; quantitative
B) Quantitative; mixed
C) Qualitative; mixed
D) Quantitative; qualitative

Question 39

Top-down analysis uses a(n) ____ approach, and bottom-up analysis uses a(n) _____ approach.

A) inductive; deductive
B) deductive; inductive
C) objective; subjective
D) subjective; objective

Question 40

Which qualitative research approach is like a puzzle, putting together smaller pieces to reveal a larger picture?

A) archival analysis
B) phenomenological analysis
C) holistic analysis
D) situated analysis

Question 41

Aram is interested in understanding naming trends in the United States. As part of his investigation he studies birth records from around the nation. He wants to focus on the origin of certain names. From his research, he generates categories and establishes themes with regard to who is likely to choose novel or unique names as compared with more traditional, family names. Which type of technique is Aram using?

Question 42

List an advantage that interviews have over surveys.

Question 43

List both subtle and blatant ways that the interviewer may bias an interview.

Question 44

What is nonresponse bias and how does it affect research results?

Question 45

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Callaghan, J. E., Gambo, Y. & Fellin, L. C. (2015). Hearing the silences: Adult Nigerian women's accounts of 'early marriages.' Feminism and Psychology, 25, 506-527.
The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of early marriage on women's lives. To that end, the authors interviewed six Nigerian women who were married between the ages of 8 and 15 years. Each interview was conducted in the woman's own home and was designed to obtain insight into her perception of early marriage with regard to its impact on her childhood and identity as a woman. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. The results revealed that women felt their identities were defined by marriage and motherhood and that early marriage significantly disrupted their childhood experience. Women also reported that early marriage was traumatic to their childhood and something they were poorly prepared for.
(Scenario I) The study described in Scenario I is a _____ study.

A) quantitative
B) mixed-method
C) qualitative
D) case

Question 46

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Callaghan, J. E., Gambo, Y. & Fellin, L. C. (2015). Hearing the silences: Adult Nigerian women's accounts of 'early marriages.' Feminism and Psychology, 25, 506-527.
The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of early marriage on women's lives. To that end, the authors interviewed six Nigerian women who were married between the ages of 8 and 15 years. Each interview was conducted in the woman's own home and was designed to obtain insight into her perception of early marriage with regard to its impact on her childhood and identity as a woman. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. The results revealed that women felt their identities were defined by marriage and motherhood and that early marriage significantly disrupted their childhood experience. Women also reported that early marriage was traumatic to their childhood and something they were poorly prepared for.
(Scenario I) Which qualitative method of data collection best describes the study discussed in Scenario I?

A) action research
B) case study
C) ethnography
D) phenomenological

Question 47

How does a holistic analysis benefit qualitative researchers?

Question 48

Why might some scientists argue that mixed methods research is the "best of both worlds"?

Question 49

How can researchers use reflexivity to minimize interviewer bias?

Question 50

What are characteristics of a good interviewer?

Question 51

If McKenzie was conducting a content analysis on the contents of Better Homes and Gardens magazine, what would her results likely reveal?

Question 52

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

Question 53

Qualitative research generally involves a smaller sample size than quantitative data. Why is this the case?

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Callaghan, J. E., Gambo, Y. & Fellin, L. C. (2015). Hearing the silences: Adult Nigerian women's accounts of 'early marriages.' Feminism and Psychology, 25, 506-527.
The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of early marriage on women's lives. To that end, the authors interviewed six Nigerian women who were married between the ages of 8 and 15 years. Each interview was conducted in the woman's own home and was designed to obtain insight into her perception of early marriage with regard to its impact on her childhood and identity as a woman. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. The results revealed that women felt their identities were defined by marriage and motherhood and that early marriage significantly disrupted their childhood experience. Women also reported that early marriage was traumatic to their childhood and something they were poorly prepared for.
(Scenario I) By interviewing the women in their own homes, the researchers of the study described in Scenario I used:

A) situated analysis.
B) holistic analysis.
C) triangulation.
D) reflexivity.

Question 55

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Callaghan, J. E., Gambo, Y. & Fellin, L. C. (2015). Hearing the silences: Adult Nigerian women's accounts of 'early marriages.' Feminism and Psychology, 25, 506-527.
The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of early marriage on women's lives. To that end, the authors interviewed six Nigerian women who were married between the ages of 8 and 15 years. Each interview was conducted in the woman's own home and was designed to obtain insight into her perception of early marriage with regard to its impact on her childhood and identity as a woman. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. The results revealed that women felt their identities were defined by marriage and motherhood and that early marriage significantly disrupted their childhood experience. Women also reported that early marriage was traumatic to their childhood and something they were poorly prepared for.
(Scenario I) Suppose the researchers of the study described in Scenario I began their work with the hypothesis that early marriage is a traumatic event for women. They would be using the _____ approach.

A) interactive
B) top-down
C) integrative
D) bottom-up

Question 56

What is triangulation?

Question 57

Compare and contrast top-down and bottom-up approaches to research.

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Rose, I. D., Friedman, D. B., Spencer, S. M., Annang, L. & Lindley, L. L. (2013). Health information-seeking practices of African American young men who have sex with men: a qualitative study. Youth and Society, doi: 10.1177/0044118X13491769
Rose and colleagues were interested in learning what sexual health practices are engaged in by homosexual African American young men. To that end, 42 men between the ages of 18 and 21 years were recruited from a local LGBT youth service in a Midwestern town to participate in the study. The men were randomly divided into six groups of seven. Each group met with an interviewer who facilitated a semistructured discussion to learn how accessible sexual health care information was, the methods the men used to obtain sexual health information, and how access to sexual health information may be improved. This information was recorded via audiotape and transcribed for analysis. Two independent researchers categorized and coded the data for emerging themes. The analyses revealed that men get their information about sexual health from a variety of sources. Informal sources included friends, family, and the Internet, and formal sources included medical professionals. The men reported a preference for obtaining information via the Internet or their parents, and reported that these sources are particularly helpful in providing information about sexually transmitted diseases.
(Scenario II) The researchers of the study described in Scenario II categorized sources of information. The process of doing this is called:

A) conversation analysis.
B) content analysis.
C) holistic analysis.
D) situated analysis.

Question 59

Juana is interested in examining whether males or females are more avid readers. What archival data can you use to examine the differential reading habits between the sexes?

Question 60

Why do qualitative researchers start their interviews and focus groups with warm-up questions?

Question 61

_____ is a middle ground that includes the strengths, but omits the weaknesses, of both qualitative and quantitative research.

A) Experimental studies
B) Correlational studies
C) Bottom-up studies
D) Mixed methods research

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Rose, I. D., Friedman, D. B., Spencer, S. M., Annang, L. & Lindley, L. L. (2013). Health information-seeking practices of African American young men who have sex with men: a qualitative study. Youth and Society, doi: 10.1177/0044118X13491769
Rose and colleagues were interested in learning what sexual health practices are engaged in by homosexual African American young men. To that end, 42 men between the ages of 18 and 21 years were recruited from a local LGBT youth service in a Midwestern town to participate in the study. The men were randomly divided into six groups of seven. Each group met with an interviewer who facilitated a semistructured discussion to learn how accessible sexual health care information was, the methods the men used to obtain sexual health information, and how access to sexual health information may be improved. This information was recorded via audiotape and transcribed for analysis. Two independent researchers categorized and coded the data for emerging themes. The analyses revealed that men get their information about sexual health from a variety of sources. Informal sources included friends, family, and the Internet, and formal sources included medical professionals. The men reported a preference for obtaining information via the Internet or their parents, and reported that these sources are particularly helpful in providing information about sexually transmitted diseases.
(Scenario II) Which qualitative method is described in Scenario II?

A) action research
B) focus group
C) case study
D) phenomenological

Question 63

Which type of study provides little guidance or structure and is unconcerned with keeping participants' experiences as similar as possible?

A) qualitative research
B) quantitative research
C) mixed research
D) top-down approach

Question 64

Where do qualitative research studies generally take place?

A) in a research laboratory
B) in their natural setting
C) in a structured setting
D) online

Question 65

Which of the following is a key goal of qualitative research?

A) understanding individuals in a specific context
B) consistency
C) generalizability of results
D) validity

Question 66

Mixed methods research is:

A) a method that uses numbers and statistics to objectively examine associations between variables, predict outcomes, and make comparisons.
B) research that focuses on gaining in-depth information on a few individuals with the goal of developing a more thorough understanding of their perspectives and experiences.
C) a blend of qualitative and quantitative research methods that capitalizes on the strengths of each to examine a research question.
D) the process of using multiple techniques to assess the same information.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Roegman, R., Knight, M. G., Taylor, A. M. & Watson, V. W. (2014). From microscope to mirror: doctoral students' evolving positionalities through engagement with culturally sensitive research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29(1), 44-65.
The purpose this study was to examine the "experiences of doctoral students in a qualitative research course that centers culture throughout the research process." In addition to interviewing each student individually, the researchers also examined a variety of student assignments including written papers, conference presentations, and group activities. The results of the study demonstrate the ways in which students develop their cultural perspectives.
(Scenario III) The authors began analyzing the data by categorizing the various sources of information obtained in Scenario III based on themes and exemplars. Which of the following best describes what they were doing?

A) They were engaging in conversation analysis.
B) They were employing the use of content analysis.
C) They were developing a grounded theory.
D) They were systematically coding the data.

Question 68

Quantitative research is well-suited for each of the following, EXCEPT:

A) determining how variables relate.
B) predicting outcomes.
C) gaining detailed descriptions of experience and perspective.
D) making comparisons.

Question 69

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Roegman, R., Knight, M. G., Taylor, A. M. & Watson, V. W. (2014). From microscope to mirror: doctoral students' evolving positionalities through engagement with culturally sensitive research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29(1), 44-65.
The purpose this study was to examine the "experiences of doctoral students in a qualitative research course that centers culture throughout the research process." In addition to interviewing each student individually, the researchers also examined a variety of student assignments including written papers, conference presentations, and group activities. The results of the study demonstrate the ways in which students develop their cultural perspectives.
(Scenario III) To have obtained the best data during each student interview, the researchers should have:

A) used short questions that provoke long answers.
B) avoided specific questions.
C) asked follow-up questions.
D) All of the above.

Question 70

Quantitative is to qualitative as:

A) numbers are to pictures.
B) words are to pictures.
C) numbers are to words.
D) pictures are to words.

Question 71

Research that focuses on gaining in-depth information about a few individuals with the goal of developing a more thorough understanding of their perspectives and experiences is called:

A) qualitative research.
B) quantitative research.
C) mixed methods research.
D) experimental research.

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Roegman, R., Knight, M. G., Taylor, A. M. & Watson, V. W. (2014). From microscope to mirror: doctoral students' evolving positionalities through engagement with culturally sensitive research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29(1), 44-65.
The purpose this study was to examine the "experiences of doctoral students in a qualitative research course that centers culture throughout the research process." In addition to interviewing each student individually, the researchers also examined a variety of student assignments including written papers, conference presentations, and group activities. The results of the study demonstrate the ways in which students develop their cultural perspectives.
(Scenario III) Why didn't the researchers perform statistical analyses on the data obtained in Scenario III?

A) Statistics may only be used in quantitative studies.
B) Qualitative studies cannot test hypotheses.
C) Qualitative studies are focused more on subjective experiences and experiences.
D) All of the above.

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Rose, I. D., Friedman, D. B., Spencer, S. M., Annang, L. & Lindley, L. L. (2013). Health information-seeking practices of African American young men who have sex with men: a qualitative study. Youth and Society, doi: 10.1177/0044118X13491769
Rose and colleagues were interested in learning what sexual health practices are engaged in by homosexual African American young men. To that end, 42 men between the ages of 18 and 21 years were recruited from a local LGBT youth service in a Midwestern town to participate in the study. The men were randomly divided into six groups of seven. Each group met with an interviewer who facilitated a semistructured discussion to learn how accessible sexual health care information was, the methods the men used to obtain sexual health information, and how access to sexual health information may be improved. This information was recorded via audiotape and transcribed for analysis. Two independent researchers categorized and coded the data for emerging themes. The analyses revealed that men get their information about sexual health from a variety of sources. Informal sources included friends, family, and the Internet, and formal sources included medical professionals. The men reported a preference for obtaining information via the Internet or their parents, and reported that these sources are particularly helpful in providing information about sexually transmitted diseases.
(Scenario II) Which is NOT an advantage of using a recording device to collect qualitative data?

A) It reduces interviewer bias.
B) It ensures important information will not be missed.
C) It makes data analysis more time efficient.
D) It allows the interviewer to stay engaged in the discussion.

Question 74

More detailed is to less detailed as:

A) qualitative is to quantitative.
B) quantitative is to mixed.
C) mixed is to qualitative.
D) quantitative is to qualitative.

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Rose, I. D., Friedman, D. B., Spencer, S. M., Annang, L. & Lindley, L. L. (2013). Health information-seeking practices of African American young men who have sex with men: a qualitative study. Youth and Society, doi: 10.1177/0044118X13491769
Rose and colleagues were interested in learning what sexual health practices are engaged in by homosexual African American young men. To that end, 42 men between the ages of 18 and 21 years were recruited from a local LGBT youth service in a Midwestern town to participate in the study. The men were randomly divided into six groups of seven. Each group met with an interviewer who facilitated a semistructured discussion to learn how accessible sexual health care information was, the methods the men used to obtain sexual health information, and how access to sexual health information may be improved. This information was recorded via audiotape and transcribed for analysis. Two independent researchers categorized and coded the data for emerging themes. The analyses revealed that men get their information about sexual health from a variety of sources. Informal sources included friends, family, and the Internet, and formal sources included medical professionals. The men reported a preference for obtaining information via the Internet or their parents, and reported that these sources are particularly helpful in providing information about sexually transmitted diseases.
(Scenario II) Suppose the researchers of the study described in Scenario II also interviewed sexual health care professionals to learn of the accessibility of sexual health information in the community. In doing so, they would be engaged in:

A) triangulation.
B) reflexivity.
C) situated analysis.
D) holistic analysis.

Question 76

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Roegman, R., Knight, M. G., Taylor, A. M. & Watson, V. W. (2014). From microscope to mirror: doctoral students' evolving positionalities through engagement with culturally sensitive research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29(1), 44-65.
The purpose this study was to examine the "experiences of doctoral students in a qualitative research course that centers culture throughout the research process." In addition to interviewing each student individually, the researchers also examined a variety of student assignments including written papers, conference presentations, and group activities. The results of the study demonstrate the ways in which students develop their cultural perspectives.
(Scenario III) Which qualitative method is described in Scenario III?

A) action research
B) focus group
C) case study
D) phenomenological

Question 77

Which of the following is a key feature of qualitative research?

A) The researcher attempts to minimize his/her influence in the research process.
B) It generally seeks to establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
C) It provides conclusions using summaries, categories, and generalizations.
D) It favors studying participants in natural settings.

Question 78

Upon completion of data collection Julian will use statistics to look for meaningful relationships between the variables under investigation. In this study Julian is using:

A) qualitative research.
B) quantitative research.
C) mixed methods research.
D) nonexperimental research.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a concern for qualitative research?

A) demand characteristics
B) social desirability bias
C) experimenter bias
D) generalizability of results to a broader population

Question 80

Quantitative research is:

A) a method that uses numbers and statistics to objectively examine associations between variables, predict outcomes, and make comparisons.
B) research that focuses on gaining in-depth information on a few individuals with the goal of developing a more thorough understanding of their perspectives and experiences.
C) a blend of research methods that capitalizes on the strengths of each to examine a research question.
D) the process of using multiple techniques to assess the same information.