Deck 17: Emerging Adulthood: Biosocial Development

Question 1

Emerging adults rarely experience serious illness.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Around the world, emerging adults are the prime vectors of STIs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A program in Guatemala that provided adequate nutrition to pregnant women and children under age 3 revealed benefits for emerging adults 20 years later.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Recent statistics show that emerging adults are following the traditional sequence of marriage prior to parenthood.

Question 5

Health habits in emerging adulthood do not affect vitality in old age.

Question 6

Across adulthood, back and leg muscles shrink faster than arm muscles.

Question 7

Possible problems caused by the sexual patterns among emerging adults are increased anxiety and depression.

Question 8

For adults, including emerging adults, chronological age is an imperfect guide for physical, social, and cognitive transitions.

Question 9

College students may avoid getting a flu shot because it does not guarantee that they won't get the flu.

Question 10

Historically, most babies were born before their mothers reached 18 years of age.

Question 11

If it gets chilly, homeostasis causes pores to constrict and bodies to shiver.

Question 12

New students in college usually do not care a great deal about looking good.

Question 13

In the United States, older adults walk more and drive less than emerging adults.

Question 14

Homeostasis requires a response from the body systems, whereas allostasis refers to longer-term adjustment.

Question 15

Males gain more body fat than females during emerging adulthood.

Question 16

The process of aging begins in late adolescence, but few emerging adults are aware that their cells are aging.

Question 17

An individual is likely to continue to be physically active if the individual has friends who are physically active.

Question 18

The years between ages 18 and 25 are optimal for safe reproduction and hard physical work.

Question 19

For female emerging adults who engage in unprotected intercourse, pregnancy occurs within three months, on average.

Question 20

The period of development characterized by the postponement of marriage, parenthood, and work is now referred to as "late adolescence."

Question 21

All research finds that many emerging adults are anxious about themselves, their relationships, and their future.

Question 22

The rate of serious mental illness among emerging adults is almost triple that of adults over age 25.

Question 23

The rate of risk taking is much higher in males than in females.

Question 24

Most girls reach their maximum height around age _____.

A) 16
B) 18
C) 21
D) 30

Question 25

Social norms exert a particularly strong influence on college students.

Question 26

Emerging adults who are not in college are more likely to use drugs than are their college counterparts.

Question 27

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is considered to be in the developmental stage of _____.

A) adulthood
B) emerging adulthood
C) post-adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 28

Maximum strength potential typically peaks at about age _____.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 35
D) 45

Question 29

Xavier is a male in the developmental stage of emerging adulthood. He can expect to notice all the following physical changes EXCEPT for increased _____.

A) muscle growth
B) body fat
C) bone strength
D) arm strength

Question 30

Those who begin heavy drug use in college are less likely to sustain romances.

Question 31

The most common mood disorder is major depression.

Question 32

Taking risks can benefit an individual's development.

Question 33

Emerging adult men are less likely to suffer from schizophrenia than emerging adult women.

Question 34

Hans is a 21-year-old American college student. According to the text, Hans is in the developmental period of _____.

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) early adulthood
D) young adulthood

Question 35

Chanel has recently finished high school and is now attending college. After earning her bachelor's degree, she plans to continue to graduate school. In addition, Chanel is not seriously dating anyone and thinks marriage and parenthood are years away. Chanel is at which developmental stage?

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) extended adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 36

The incidence of psychological disorders rises during the emerging adulthood years.

Question 37

Which task would be easier for a 21-year-old than for a 51-year-old?

A) writing a letter by hand
B) carrying a bag of groceries from the store to the car
C) watching two hours of television
D) walking up four flights of stairs

Question 38

Most boys reach their maximum height around age _____.

A) 16
B) 18
C) 21
D) 30

Question 39

College students tend to underestimate how much the average student drinks and overestimate how their peers feel about the loud, late talking and other behaviors of students who are drunk.

Question 40

Drug abuse does not lead to drug addiction.

Question 41

The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress via extra, unused functioning ability is referred to as "_____."

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) organ reserve
D) diathesis

Question 42

Conclusions based on U.S. college students may apply only to those who are WEIRD, which refers to _____.

A) the idea that they are chronic risk takers with little responsibility
B) "Western, Educated, Industrialized, and Rich Democracies"
C) "Witty, Educated, Intelligent, Risk-Taking, and Daring"
D) their deviation from the social norms of their parents' generations

Question 43

Three body functions protect emerging adults: _____.

A) lymph tissue, strong muscles, and a developing brain
B) organ reserve, homeostasis, and allostasis
C) metabolism, neurotransmitter production, and lymph tissue
D) the circulatory system, the metabolic system, and the neurological system

Question 44

Emerging adults tend to do which of the following regarding medical care?

A) overuse the system, frequently seeing doctors for even small complaints
B) need significant care by doctors and other medical professionals
C) avoid medical professionals, unless they are injured or pregnant
D) receive ongoing medical care but report significant activity limitations due to chronic health conditions

Question 45

Homeostasis is quickest in _____.

A) middle childhood
B) adolescence
C) early adulthood
D) middle adulthood

Question 46

_____ refers to the stresses of basic body systems that burden overall functioning, eventually causing hypertension, obesity, and diabetes.

A) Reserve
B) Homeostasis
C) Organ reserve
D) Allostatic load

Question 47

A dynamic longer-term body adjustment that affects overall physiology is referred to as "_____."

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) senescence
D) allostasis

Question 48

Bella has been skipping meals and eating very little for months. One night she goes out with friends and eats a full, heavy meal. Within hours, she is vomiting and has diarrhea. Bella's symptoms are likely the result of a(n) _____ adjustment.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostatic
C) senescence
D) allostatic

Question 49

Organ reserve power decreases each _____, but it usually does not matter, because people rarely need to draw on it.

A) day
B) month
C) year
D) decade

Question 50

Due to a job loss and divorce, 25-year-old Luke has been under an enormous amount of stress, yet he still feels good physically. The fact that Luke's body can continue to function well under this stress is likely due to _____.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) senescence
D) diathesis

Question 51

Developmentalists cluster adults into chronological age groups for all the following reasons EXCEPT _____.

A) age matters to adults as they live their lives
B) developmental variations are nonexistent
C) maturation and experience accumulate
D) cohort matters

Question 52

Which of the following statements is NOT true about emerging adulthood?

A) It is a time between full body growth and full adult roles.
B) Many of today's college students fall within the period of emerging adulthood.
C) Universal trends, including longer educational tracks and later first-time parenthood, have "created" this stage.
D) All individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 are now considered to be in this stage.

Question 53

Although the health of many emerging adults is good, some may be diagnosed with a chronic disease. All the following are common diagnoses for this age group EXCEPT _____.

A) high blood pressure
B) cancer
C) asthma
D) diabetes

Question 54

Faster heartbeats and heavier breathing, which accompany exercise, are _____.

A) homeostatic responses
B) metabolic indicators
C) organ reserves
D) allostatic loads

Question 55

Generally, emerging adulthood is characterized by _____ health.

A) good to excellent
B) failing
C) slowly improving
D) fair to poor

Question 56

The average age of marriage in the United States is _____ for women and _____ for men.

A) 25; 27
B) 28; 30
C) 27; 29
D) 30; 28

Question 57

In a large study, about 95 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds reported no activity limitations because of _____, a rate far better than that of any other age group.

A) pregnancy
B) increased psychological stress
C) work commitments
D) chronic health conditions

Question 58

A study of biological aging found that some people age _____ times faster than others, with about half of the difference between fast and slow aging evident by age 26.

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) ten

Question 59

Marishka, age 24, started an extreme diet last month. She has already lost 20 pounds, and due to restricting her food intake, Marishka rarely feels hungry. Marishka's eating behavior has triggered new _____, allowing her to function with fewer daily calories.

A) homeostatic reactions
B) metabolic syndrome
C) organ reserves
D) caloric reactions

Question 60

During emerging adulthood, all body systems _____.

A) begin to develop
B) function optimally
C) cease developing
D) age rapidly

Question 61

The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adulthood) study began with more than 4,000 healthy 18- to 30-year-olds; most were reexamined 7 to 20 years later. The study found that _____.

A) those who were the most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age
B) those who were the least fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age
C) those who were the least and most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age
D) there was no relation between fitness level at the first assessment and later health conditions

Question 62

Although Leah has a closet full of clothes and shoes, she is shopping for a new outfit to wear on Saturday night. Leah wants to look good, and she thinks a new outfit will help her accomplish this goal. Statistically, Leah is most likely to be which age?

A) 15
B) 23
C) 31
D) 40

Question 63

_____ emerging adults believe that premarital sex is acceptable.

A) Almost all
B) About one-third of
C) Less than half of
D) Few

Question 64

Robert is just leaving his 11:00 A.M. college class, and he is extremely hungry. He heads over to the cafeteria and orders a meal. After eating for about 10 minutes, Robert is feeling full and decides not to finish the entire meal. Robert's behavior is likely under the influence of his _____.

A) organ reserve
B) body mass index
C) set point
D) optimal weight

Question 65

_____ correlates with almost every chronic illness.

A) Age
B) Gender
C) Sitting for long periods
D) Overeating

Question 66

Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents. Their solution is _____.

A) abstinence
B) monogamy
C) contraception
D) early marriage

Question 67

The ratio between weight and height that is used to determine whether a person is below, at, or above normal weight is referred to as the "_____."

A) organ reserve
B) body mass index
C) set point
D) optimal weight

Question 68

Historically, peak newborn survival occurred when mothers were _____ years old at the time of birth.

A) 15 to 22
B) 18 to 25
C) 25 to 32
D) 30 to 37

Question 69

In the United States and worldwide, women above age 30 are having _____ children than they did twenty years earlier, and emerging adults are having _____ children than they did then.

A) more; fewer
B) fewer; fewer
C) fewer; more
D) more; more

Question 70

Grace is in her early 20s and exercises regularly. As she ages, which is likely going to encourage her to continue to exercise regularly?

A) becoming a parent
B) having an active friend
C) getting married
D) working 50+ hours each week

Question 71

About _____ percent of all emerging U.S. adults are within the normal range for body weight.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 80

Question 72

Which two factors encourage exercise among individuals?

A) friendship and communities
B) friendship and a desk job
C) communities and parenthood
D) parenthood and marriage

Question 73

Aiden and Savannah, both age 20, are sexually active and do not use contraception. If they continue to avoid using contraception, conception is likely in _____.

A) three months
B) six months
C) a year
D) two years

Question 74

Delilah is currently a 22-year-old college student. Like most of her peers, she believes that premarital sex is _____.

A) okay if you plan to get married
B) wrong
C) acceptable
D) very risky

Question 75

Two factors tend to encourage physical activity: _____.

A) friendship and communities
B) age and gender
C) occupation and cultural values
D) participation in a sexual relationship and access to a gym

Question 76

A particular body weight that an individual's homeostatic processes strive to maintain is referred to as the "_____."

A) organ reserve
B) body mass index
C) set point
D) optimal weight

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT true about the sexual-reproductive system of emerging adults?

A) Miscarriage is less common.
B) Conception is quicker.
C) Orgasms are more frequent.
D) Serious birth complications are usual.

Question 78

Chase exercises six days a week to have a fit, muscular, and attractive body. Chase is most likely which age?

A) 12
B) 16
C) 20
D) 40

Question 79

About _____ percent of all new cases of STIs worldwide occur in people under the age of 26.

A) 1
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

Question 80

Which percentage of emerging adults reaches the standard of exercising 30 minutes a day, five days a week?

A) 25 percent
B) 43 percent
C) 62 percent
D) 80 percent