Deck 11: Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Question 1

Because Juan Daniel,who is Latin American,scores very highly on a measure of simpático,

A)only other Latin Americans will enjoy smooth social interactions with Juan Daniel.
B)its impact will not be evident in Juan Daniel's workplace.
C)he socializes with people more than his European-American friends do.
D)he is more likely to have an independent self-construal than an interdependent self-construal.
E)he will exhibit a Protestant work ethic when he is in social situations.

Answer 1

he socializes with people more than his European-American friends do.

Question 2

What is Adams's argument for why West Africans are more concerned about enemies than North Americans?

A)Africa is a more physically dangerous environment than is North America,so that any harmful behaviors of enemies are potentially more dangerous to the individual.
B)Africans have more of a prevention orientation than North Americans.
C)North Americans only create relationships if they stand to benefit from them,and enemies are not a benefit to them.
D)North Americans are more self-enhancing and are convinced that everyone loves them.Even though people often have enemies,they incorrectly perceive them to be their friends.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Answer 2

North Americans only create relationships if they stand to benefit from them,and enemies are not a benefit to them.

Question 3

You and a friend run into each other on the street,and you see that he is carrying a fish that he has just caught.You would love to get that fish home and cook it to make your wife happy.You and your friend agree that the fish is equivalent to the corn you are carrying in your bag.The two of you then exchange the fish for the corn before heading off to your respective homes.What is this an example of?

A)authority ranking
B)communal sharing
C)market pricing
D)equality matching
E)big-gun diplomacy

Answer 3

market pricing

Question 4

Your friend feels that there are few opportunities for him to make new friends and that he is permanently connected to the friends he has.Knowing this,you can expect that your

A)friend only has positive relationships.
B)friend's social circle is much larger than it would have been if he felt that there were many opportunities for him to make new friends.
C)friend is choosier about the friends he makes than if he felt there were many opportunities for him to make new friends.
D)friend only has negative relationships.
E)friend does not prefer friends who are similar to him over friends who are less similar to him.

Question 5

Four single Japanese people are participating in a dating TV show.Three of them serve as targets,and they each spend time with the remaining person (the chooser).The chooser must then decide which person he or she wants to date.Which of the following people is the chooser most likely to choose?

A)If the chooser is male,he will choose the one who is most similar to him.
B)Regardless of gender,the chooser will choose the person with the average body.
C)Regardless of gender,the chooser will choose the person who is most similar to him or her.
D)If the chooser is female,she will choose the person who is most similar to her.
E)Regardless of gender,the chooser will choose the person with the most bilateral facial symmetry.

Question 6

Which of the following products or services does NOT capitalize on universal bases of attraction?

A)makeup that covers skin blemishes
B)photo-editing software that can mix different body shapes together
C)creams that get rid of acne and pimples
D)laser procedures that remove scars
E)photo-editing software that can mix different faces together

Question 7

Lumusi is a Ghanaian teenager who reports having more enemies than does her American counterpart,Lisa.According to research discussed in the textbook on Ghana,which of the following explains why Lumusi reports having more enemies than Lisa?

A)There is more conflict in their lives,so Ghanaians need to be more wary about enemies.
B)Ghanaians have more relationships than Westerners,so it follows that they will also have more enemies.
C)Enemies are desirable in Ghanaian contexts,so people there seek them out.
D)Ghanaians are less likely to choose their relationship partners.
E)Lumusi may report having more enemies,but she actually does not.

Question 8

Jeremiah has moved around to ten different states in the United States within five years due to his job.This means that,compared to someone who has not moved around at all before,Jeremiah will

A)see his personality traits as more fluid and dependent on specific relationships.
B)be more open to trying out different local coffee shops.
C)be more unconditionally committed to the local sports team.
D)buy more things from national chain stores.
E)experience less similarity-attraction effect.

Question 9

A person says,"I do not need to maintain my friendships.I know that they will always be friends with me,and I will always be friends with them." According to the textbook,this person is likely to

A)engage in market pricing relationships.
B)have more friends than enemies.
C)not care so much whether a friend is like him or her.
D)be naïve and immature.
E)be in a relationship characterized by equality matching.

Question 10

Which of the following can be considered an accessibility universal?

A)arranged marriage
B)simpático
C)the mere exposure effect
D)market pricing
E)love marriage

Question 11

Trust toward strangers

A)is unusually low among Americans.
B)steadily decreases across the life span in all cultures.
C)is correlated with feelings of self-esteem.
D)is weaker in collectivistic cultures.
E)fluctuates across the life span in all cultures.

Question 12

According to the propinquity effect,which of the following people are most likely to become friends?

A)Jaedong and Fox,who live in neighboring apartment units
B)Betty and Bulma,who work in different departments of the same company
C)Amy and Alyssa,who meet each other at the bus stop every day
D)Malcolm and Maurice,two people who both drive the same model of car
E)Lara and Lindsay,who are both psychology majors

Question 13

How does the similarity-attraction effect relate to the conditionality of one's relationships?

A)Both account for communal sharing.
B)Both are accounted for by relational mobility.
C)Similarity-attraction effect causes greater conditionality of one's relationships.
D)Similarity-attraction effect has a negative relationship with conditionality.
E)There is no relationship between them.

Question 14

Which of the following people would NOT be considered universally to be physically attractive?

A)a person whose face does not have features of abnormal size
B)a person with an average-size body
C)a person whose left side of the face is the same as the right side of the face
D)a person with blemish-free skin
E)All of these people would be considered universally attractive.

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics would one think is attractive,regardless of what culture he or she is from?

A)blemish-free skin
B)athletic body types
C)people who are moderately similar to each other
D)people who are greatly different from each other
E)a body that is very average in terms of how much body fat one has

Question 16

Marina is going on a first date with someone who has moved to many different cities in the last few years.Marina's date will like her the most if she

A)exhibits a lot of simpático.
B)dislikes local coffee shops in favor of national chain ones.
C)has a heavier body shape.
D)is low on relational mobility.
E)has an interdependent self-construal.

Question 17

An example of communal sharing is

A)people exchanging Christmas gifts with each other.
B)buying something from eBay,where the seller's relationship with the buyer is independent of price.
C)a family in which each person takes turns taking out the garbage.
D)an office with a jar of coins,where workers can take or put in as many coins as they like.
E)the elder of a community giving away his wealth.

Question 18

Homare is a Japanese student and Heidi is a Canadian student.They are both trying to make new friends.Given the findings from research comparing Japanese and Canadians,we would expect that

A)Heidi,more so than Homare,would like a new person who is similar to her.
B)Homare,more so than Heidi,would travel longer distances in an effort to find new friends.
C)Heidi,more so than Homare,would persist in her friendship-making efforts longer,even when her efforts are not successful.
D)Homare,more so than Heidi,would be more likely to be attracted to people with average faces.
E)Heidi,relative to Homare,would be less motivated to form new friends,given her loyalty to her older friends.

Question 19

Sending your boss a Christmas card after he had first sent you one would best be seen as an example of

A)communal sharing.
B)authority ranking.
C)equality matching.
D)market pricing.
E)vertical collectivism.

Question 20

Jinro walks along the same street every day and sees the same red tree swing during his walk.The more he is exposed to this tree swing,the

A)more likely he will become bored with it and find it unattractive.
B)more he will like it if he is from a collectivistic culture,whereas the reverse would hold true if he is from an individualistic culture.
C)more likely he is to recognize it correctly.
D)more pleasant affect he will experience when processing it.
E)less he will like it if he is from a collectivistic culture,whereas the reverse would hold true if he is from an individualistic culture.

Question 21

The founder of a new society wants to create a social system in which arranged marriages are the norm,rather than love marriages.In order for this founder to be successful,which of the following must this new society have?

A)strong ties within nuclear families
B)a great deal of relational mobility
C)higher levels of marital satisfaction than love marriages after ten years of marriage
D)large kin groups with strong ties within them
E)a system of relationships characterized by market pricing

Question 22

Based on the textbook,draw a line graph to show the relationship between residential mobility and the likelihood that relationships within the culture are characterized by market pricing.

Question 23

Romantic love was evolutionarily advantageous because it

A)brought parents closer together to ensure survival of the child.
B)allowed people to exercise their personal agencies.
C)was a necessary foundation for marriages to have in order for the marriage to succeed.
D)promoted relational mobility.
E)led to greater social complexity.

Question 24

According to Gupta and Singh's research on marriage in India,after being married for ten or more years,which of the following most accurately portrays people's happiness in these marriages?

A)females in love marriages  females in arranged marriages  males in love marriages  males in arranged marriages
B)females in love marriages  males in love marriages  males in arranged marriages  females in arranged marriages
C)males in love marriages  females in arranged marriages  males in arranged marriages  females in love marriages
D)males in arranged marriages  females in arranged marriages  males in love marriages  females in love marriages
E)males in arranged marriages  males in love marriages  females in love marriages  females in arranged marriages

Question 25

Differentiate between how someone with high relational mobility views his or her social relationships versus someone with low relational mobility.

Question 26

Empirically,arranged marriages are terrible because no one is ever satisfied with their marriages.True or false?

A)False-they at least start out with more marital satisfaction than people in love marriages.
B)True-arranged marriages signal a lack of personal agency,leading to unhappiness.
C)False-only women have marital dissatisfaction in arranged marriages.
D)True-arranged marriages have always been rare in human history because our ancestors understood that it leads to marital dissatisfaction.
E)False-arranged marriages that last over ten years have greater marital satisfaction than love marriages.

Question 27

If a Japanese and an American were each contacted by a stranger for help,we would expect that the

A)American would trust the stranger less than the Japanese.
B)American would only trust the stranger more than the Japanese if the American had an acquaintance who knew the stranger.
C)Japanese would trust the stranger more than the American only if the stranger were of the same sex as himself or herself.
D)American would trust the stranger more than the Japanese only if the American had heard about the stranger previously.
E)Japanese would trust the stranger less than the American.

Question 28

Given the widely different standards of attractiveness around the world,one cannot say that universal standards of attractiveness exist. why?

Question 29

Miranda is trying to examine what attributes are perceived to be attractive by different cultures around the world.She has a list of four attributes: having facial symmetry,having a thin body,having blemish-free skin,and having a face with extreme facial features.She travels around the world to ask people from different cultures whether they think each attribute is attractive.Based on empirical evidence about culture-perceived attractiveness,draw a graph that shows a pattern of results that portrays the proportion of cultures that would find each attribute attractive.

Question 30

Which of the following is true about arranged marriages?

A)Within every culture that has them,they are more successful in the long run,on average,than love marriages.
B)In preindustrial societies,the most common form of marriage is parents choosing the partner,with the individuals unable to object.
C)Rates of arranged marriages have been increasing over the past several years in India.
D)Many preindustrial societies rely on love marriages rather than arranged marriages.
E)Arranged marriages do not allow for love to develop because love in a relationship is dependent on the personal choice of partner.

Question 31

Romantic love,discussed within the context of monogamous human relationships in the textbook,exists because it was evolutionarily advantageous for our ancestors.True or false?

A)True-more children from parents who experienced romantic love survived to pass on their genes,compared to parents without romantic love.
B)False-romantic love hindered an individual's ability to spread one's genetic material.
C)True-romantic love led people to become more skilled hunters and gatherers,allowing for greater survivability.
D)False-someone experiencing romantic love was more likely to hunt more dangerous prey than someone not experiencing romantic love.
E)True-romantic love meant more sex with more partners,and this meant one would have a greater number of viable babies.

Question 32

Arranged marriages

A)are associated with unhappy marriages for both men and women.
B)are increasing in frequency throughout the world.
C)are unusual in preindustrial societies.
D)are less common in cultures with nuclear families as opposed to extended families.
E)prevent love from developing.

Question 33

Romantic love is

A)a recent phenomenon in some human cultures.
B)something that appears to exist in all cultures.
C)a product of individualism and a concern with meeting an individual's unique needs.
D)something that grows with age until the birth of children.
E)a product of collectivism and a concern with accommodating both parties in a relationship.

Question 34

Sanjay is an Indian male who has been in an arranged marriage for fifteen years.Sana is an Indian female who has been in a love marriage for more than ten years.Based on research by Gupta and Singh,which person is likely to be happier?

A)Sanjay
B)Sana
C)Sanjay is happier as long as his wife bears him a son.
D)Sana is happier as long as she is able to bear a son for her husband.
E)They are equally happy.

Question 35

Given what is discussed in the textbook,draw a line graph to show what the relationship would look like for the following pairs of variables: 1)relational mobility and independent/interdependent self-construal;and 2)relational mobility and residential mobility.