Deck 16: Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Question 1

Which variable would be considered the within-groups variable?

A) Running status
B) Concentration
C) Flavoured water (placebo)
D) 9% solution (high dose)

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If you were to introduce an additional variable called 'force platform status' which denoted whether the force platform was visible to the participants or not, how many experimental conditions would there be?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If specific hypotheses to particular research questions are required, which of the following would be most appropriate?

A) Contrasts
B) Post hoc tests
C) Multiple t-tests
D) The ANOVA result alone is sufficient.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If you wanted to run a simple contrast on the force exerted when running over a force platform and you used the barefoot trial as control, where would it be best to position it in the SPSS data editor?

A) As the first data set
B) As the second data set
C) As the third data set
D) As the first or third data set

Question 5

What are the principal assumptions of a mixed design ANOVA? (You may select more than one option.)

A) Sphericity
B) Homogeneity of variance
C) Normally distributed curve
D) Asymmetry

Question 6

Which of the following are characteristics of a mixed model ANOVA? (You may select more than one option.)

A) Between-groups effects
B) Within-groups effects
C) Minimum of two independent variables
D) Maximum of two independent variables

Question 7

Ten experienced and ten novice distance runners (running status) were asked to run four marathons. During each run, a different carbohydrate solution (concentration) was consumed (flavoured water, placebo; 3% solution, low dose; 6% solution, medium dose; 9% solution, high dose) and race time was recorded. How many independent variables were measured?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 8

Suppose you wished to investigate the force exerted on a force platform between men and women with three different types of footwear (barefoot, no cushioning, basic neutral shoe, BC; and complex cushioned neutral shoe, CCS). If you wished to compare the force exerted when running barefoot with the BC shoe and then the CCS shoe, what type of contrast might be appropriate?

A) Simple
B) Repeated
C) Helmert
D) Deviation

Question 9

What does the within-groups table refer to?

A) Repeated-measures effects only
B) Interaction effects only
C) Repeated-measures and interaction effects
D) Between group effects

Question 10

Which variable would be considered the between-groups variable?

A) Running status
B) Concentration
C) Flavoured water (placebo)
D) 9% solution (high dose)

Question 11

Analyse the following output box. What can be deduced from the results of Levene's test?

A) All the values are significant.
B) All the values are not significant.
C) With the exception of the barefoot unseen condition, all the values are significant.
D) With the exception of the barefoot unseen condition, all the values are not significant.

Question 12

If you were investigating mental alertness when exposed to prolonged periods of sleep deprivation, what would be the most appropriate contrast to use if you were interested in the reduction in alertness from hour to hour (e.g. 1 vs. 2 h, 2 vs. 3 h, 3 vs. 4 h, etc.)?

A) Repeated
B) Simple
C) Helmert
D) Deviation

Question 13

A mixed design ANOVA is based on which type of model?

A) Linear
B) Binomial
C) Syntax
D) Asymmetrical

Question 14

What can be deduced about the sphericity of the shoe and shoe × platform variables?

A) Both variables are non-significant, and therefore sphericity can be assumed.
B) Both variables are significant, and therefore sphericity can be assumed.
C) Both variables are non-significant, and therefore sphericity cannot be assumed.
D) Both variables are significant, and therefore sphericity cannot be assumed.

Question 15

What do the between-group effects tell us about the gender variable?

A) There is no significant difference between male and female participants.
B) There is a significant difference between male and female participants.
C) There is significant difference between male and female participants when associated with the platform variable.
D) The results were marginally non-significant.

Question 16

Examine the within-group effects table. Which conditions were significant?

A) Shoe
B) Shoe × platform
C) Platform*
D) Gender × shoe × platform

Question 17

If one or more of the conditions was significant, what would be the next appropriate step?

A) Transform the data to stabilize the variance between the groups.
B) No action is required as a mixed design ANOVA is stable enough to withstand a heterogeneous result.
C) A non-parametric equivalent to a mixed design ANOVA is required.
D) None of the above actions are appropriate.

Question 18

When running a mixed design ANOVA for a particular experiment a significant Levene's test is found. What is the most likely cause?

A) Outlying data points / observations
B) Similar variance between the data sets
C) Data are normally distributed
D) Sphericity cannot be assumed

Question 19

How many levels were measured on the running status variable?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D)

Question 20

Analyse the SPSS file by running a mixed design ANOVA with a simple contrast for all three independent variables. You should see the following table. Why is there not a Mauchley's test significance value for the platform variable (i.e. whether the participants could see the force platform or not)?

A) There are only two levels for this variable.
B) The data were not normally distributed.
C) Levene's test was significant.
D) The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was not significant.

Question 21

Calculate the r-value (effect size) for the platform variable contrast assuming that F(1,df_R) = 57.1 and df_R = 14.

A) .8
B) 15
C) 1.2
D) 1.0

Question 22

Overall, how would you summarize the data presented in this example?

A) The more cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were not aware of the force platform position.
B) The more cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were aware of the force platform position.
C) The less cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were not aware of the force platform position.
D) The less cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were aware of the force platform position.