Deck 7: Global Stratification

Question 1

Although it is expensive,coercion is the most effective means by which elites can maintain stratification of their societies.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In neocolonialism,"mother" nations establish military outposts within the controlled nation to protect their capital investments.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In every society,from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society,the MOST common basis for social stratification has been ________.

A)race
B)income
C)education
D)gender

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The maquiladoras are Mexican export plants that import components,manufacture a product,and then export the finished product to the United States,all without import or export taxes.

Question 5

The Least Industrialized Nations account for about 68 percent of the world's population.

Question 6

In contrast to most other stratification systems,Karl Marx's system had only two classes,each depending on the individual's relationship to the means of production.

Question 7

The Most Industrialized Nations are almost equally distributed between the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the world.

Question 8

In a caste system,social stratification is based on ascribed status.

Question 9

Melvin Tumin advanced the concept of merit as the primary factor in determining social class.

Question 10

Gaetano Mosca emphasized that every society is stratified based on power.

Question 11

In all places around the world where it is practiced,slavery is a permanent condition.

Question 12

Arnold Schwarzenegger's term as governor of California and Ronald Reagan's two terms as U.S. president are examples of prestige turning into power.

Question 13

The term "socialism" describes an intermediate step between capitalism and communism in which social classes are abolished but some individual inequality remains.

Question 14

In a class system,there is little opportunity for movement between classes.

Question 15

A system in which groups of people are divided into layers according to their relative power,property,and prestige is referred to as ________.

A)social stratification
B)social networking
C)the diversification of society
D)multiculturalism

Question 16

When slavery ended in the United States,it was replaced by a racial caste system.

Question 17

The impetus for colonialism was the advent of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 18

The growing interconnections between the world's wealthiest people have produced a global superclass.

Question 19

According to Karl Marx,false class consciousness is a condition in which the workers mistakenly believe they have the power to unite and overthrow the capitalists.

Question 20

The key to effectively maintaining social stratification involves the privileged class controlling ideas and information rather than depending on the use of force.

Question 21

The sociologist who believed that social class is made up of three components-property,power,and prestige-was ________.

A)Max Weber
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Karl Marx
D)Lewis Coser,Jr.

Question 22

At the steel plant,all minorities hired are assigned to work the battery pits,one of the dirtiest jobs in the mill. Even so,the battery pit workers wear this assignment as a badge of honor and have developed a close social bond that transcends the time they spend at the mill. How would Karl Marx describe their solidarity?

A)The workers are experiencing false class consciousness.
B)The workers are victims of social stratification.
C)The workers' sense of fairness has been influenced by primogeniture.
D)The workers share class consciousness.

Question 23

What term would Karl Marx use for today's workers who mistakenly identify with the capitalists simply because they own a few shares of stock or work as managers of large corporations?

A)class improvisation
B)social solidarity
C)social bond
D)false class consciousness

Question 24

A system of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement,such as slavery,is called ________.

A)a constitution
B)class consciousness
C)a caste system
D)an ideology

Question 25

If a person were living during Karl Marx's lifetime and worked at the Smittertown ironworks,Marx would consider that person a member of the ________.

A)proletariat
B)lumpenproletariat
C)bourgeoisie
D)middle class

Question 26

The ability to control others,even over their objections,is referred to as ________.

A)prestige
B)class
C)status
D)power

Question 27

In which of the following societies might slavery MOST likely exist?

A)the pastoral society
B)the agricultural society
C)the industrial society
D)the hunting and gathering society

Question 28

Bartholomew is one of the 6,000 richest people in the world. He is a part of the________.

A)hegemonic class
B)ruling class
C)global superclass
D)czar class

Question 29

In every society in the world,__________ is a basis for social stratification.

A)race
B)gender
C)age
D)education

Question 30

Social mobility refers to ________.

A)rigid stratification
B)discriminatory practices
C)changing class
D)moving to another location

Question 31

What is the basis of India's caste system?

A)race
B)religion
C)ethnicity
D)education

Question 32

Which American sociologist described the years of American colonial slavery when he said that "gradually the entire white South became an armed camp to keep Negroes in slavery and to kill the black rebel"?

A)Benjamin Quarles
B)W) E. B. Du Bois
C)Booker T. Washington
D)George Washington Carver

Question 33

Raul is a member of the Kshatriya who recently engaged in an intimate act with a member of the Dalit. Raul has seen the error of his ways,however,and wants to make amends for his indiscretions. Which statement BEST explains Raul's next course of action?

A)Raul will commit to become an indentured servant.
B)Raul will seek the forgiveness of twelve reputable men in his community.
C)Raul will sacrifice his most prized oxen or goats to the gods.
D)Raul will undergo ablution.

Question 34

Which of the following characteristics is MOST associated with the class system?

A)class distinction for life based on ascription
B)enforced norms of endogamy
C)movement up and down the class ladder
D)ownership of one group of people by another

Question 35

In every society in the world,men's earnings _________.

A)decrease as they get older
B)are directly related to level of education
C)are greater than women's earnings
D)depend solely on race

Question 36

Which two theorists concluded that the universality of stratification can be explained by the necessity to motivate the most qualified people to fill the most important and demanding positions in a society?

A)Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
B)Max Weber and Emile Durkheim
C)Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
D)Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin

Question 37

What were the three major causes of slavery prior to life in the American colonies?

A)gender,racism,and social class
B)debt,crime,and war
C)gender,politics,and ethnicity
D)racism,religion,and gender

Question 38

What is the significant difference between the class system and the systems of slavery and caste?

A)The class system is not based on religion.
B)The class system has fluid boundaries.
C)The class system works in democracies.
D)The class system existed before the other three.

Question 39

The fact that some slaves served as tutors in Roman homes indicates that ________.

A)most slaves were women
B)some slaves were children
C)slaves were not always viewed as inferior
D)slaves had darker skin that their masters

Question 40

In some societies,closely related members of the ruling class and the upper class marry to preserve the boundaries between castes,so the superior caste will not be contaminated by the inferior caste. This is a practice known as ________.

A)ritual pollution
B)apartheid
C)endogamy
D)indentured service

Question 41

According to Gaetano Mosca,every society is stratified by ________ to ensure that society's work gets done.

A)wealth
B)power
C)race
D)gender

Question 42

On what factor was the stratification system of the old Soviet Union based?

A)ownership of the means of production
B)elimination of all class distinctions
C)inherited wealth
D)membership in the Communist party

Question 43

Great Britain was one of the first nations in which industrial capitalism developed. According to world system theory,Great Britain would be a ________ nation.

A)semiperiphery
B)periphery
C)core
D)Most Industrialized

Question 44

In his book,The Ruling Class,Gaetano Mosca offered three arguments regarding society and power. All of the following represent his arguments EXCEPT for which one?

A)No society can exist unless it is organized.
B)Leadership means an inequality of power.
C)Human nature is self-centered.
D)People in power use their positions to seize greater rewards for others.

Question 45

What is the primary way by which the British maintain their class system from one generation to the next?

A)religious doctrine
B)occupational placement
C)educational achievement
D)racial and ethnic background

Question 46

Which of the following nations fails to fit into the stratification typology of Most Industrialized Nations,Industrializing Nations,and Least Industrialized Nations?

A)Kuwait
B)Russia
C)Australia
D)South Africa

Question 47

The spread of an economic system based on investing to make profits,which is becoming the world's dominant economic system,is referred to as ________.

A)the globalization of capitalism
B)the capitalization of the world economy
C)the economic colonization
D)the periphery of nations

Question 48

What was the purpose of colonialism as it was practiced by the major European powers during eighteenth,nineteenth,and twentieth centuries?

A)to exploit the annexed nation's people and resources
B)to establish a protectorate to preserve the annexed nation's freedom
C)to form limited partnerships with the annexed nation
D)to establish a new nation-state

Question 49

Of the following technologies,which does the government have the greatest difficulty controlling?

A)Internet communications and e-mails
B)radio broadcasts
C)syndicated television news programs
D)books,magazines,and newspapers

Question 50

The Acme Corporation has adopted "Tiny Brothers" as a means of controlling employees. What is a "Tiny Brother"?

A)a corporate spy
B)a security camera
C)a security officer
D)a computer spyware program

Question 51

Which of the following led to the discontinuation of the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" to describe global stratification?

A)the Industrial Revolution
B)the end of World War II
C)the breakup of the Soviet Union
D)the emergence of the postindustrial society

Question 52

In Great Britain,what percentage of the population makes up the elite upper class?

A)1 percent
B)4 percent
C)11 percent
D)18 percent

Question 53

Based on the global stratification model,nations of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe are classified as ________.

A)the Most Industrialized Nations
B)the Industrializing Nations
C)the Third World Nations
D)the Least Industrialized Nations

Question 54

The concept of the maquiladoras was made possible by the passage of the ________.

A)Taft-Hartley Trade Act
B)North American Free Trade Agreement
C)Sherman Anti-Trust Act
D)International Commerce Act of Latin America

Question 55

Who or what are the maquiladoras?

A)death squads that hunt and kill the beggar children of Brazil
B)elite members of Mexico's newly emerging industrial capitalists
C)assembly-for-export factories along the Mexican border
D)Mexican migrant workers who cross the border to pick crops in the U.S.

Question 56

One of the effective methods of control employed during the rule of monarchies was the divine right of kings. This was a method of maintaining stratification that falls under the general category of ________.

A)controlling ideas
B)controlling information
C)using technology
D)using superior force

Question 57

What term did Lenin and Trotsky use to describe the intermediate step between the czarist society prior to the revolution and the ideal society they hoped to establish?

A)capitalism
B)communism
C)socialism
D)totalitarianism

Question 58

What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?

A)The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society.
B)A strong middle class would emerge.
C)Workers would abandon their jobs,unionize,and gain the power to negotiate.
D)Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control.

Question 59

According to Melvin Tumin,which of the following high school seniors will MOST likely attend college?

A)the A- student from a decaying urban slum
B)the student who scored the mean on the college entrance exam
C)the C+ student from the upper class
D)the promising student in need of financial aid

Question 60

In world system theory,nations that have been totally left out of the development of capitalism and allowed to stagnate are called ________.

A)semiperiphery nations
B)core nations
C)periphery nations
D)the external area

Question 61

What has been the unique purpose of child slavery in present-day Kuwait,Qatar,and Saudi Arabia?

Question 62

The Industrialized Nations' control of the Least Industrialized Nations through debts owed to them,which is referred to as ________.

A)imperialism
B)neocolonialism
C)modernization
D)capitalism

Question 63

What was Gaetano Mosca's primary argument for the reason why society is stratified?

Question 64

Two countries previously classified as Least Industrialized Nations that are building strong competition with Western nations because of cheap telecommunications and outsourced jobs from multinational corporations are ________ and ________.

A)Vietnam; Indonesia
B)China; India
C)Japan; Brazil
D)Indonesia; Taiwan

Question 65

John Kenneth Galbraith's theory of global stratification,referred to as a culture of poverty,is based on a concept first proposed by ________.

A)Frank Tannenbaum
B)John Hanaway
C)Oscar Lewis
D)William Ogden

Question 66

What prediction was made by Karl Marx regarding the behavior of workers in a capitalist society?

Question 67

What is the global superclass?

Question 68

What single factor controlled one's social class,according to Karl Marx?

Question 69

According to Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore,how are highly qualified people motivated to enter high-pressure positions?

Question 70

Does the caste system in India still exist?

Question 71

Who or what are the "Asian Tigers"?

A)the Pacific Rim nations that have a strong capitalist base
B)a group of Marxists opposed to capitalism developing in Southeast Asia
C)the neocolonialists who have exploited the rubber fields of Indonesia
D)a Japanese baseball team that serves as a model for capitalism

Question 72

Why do the ruling elite in the Least Industrialized Nations work so closely with the heads of multinational corporations to develop informal partnerships?

A)to develop the necessary political stability to maintain the partnership
B)to expand the middle class throughout Least Industrialized Nations
C)to increase humanitarian aid to the poor
D)to increase the standard of living of people in poor nations

Question 73

Some nations have traditionally been in poverty from one generation to the next,relying on tradition rather than experimenting with new technology that might improve their standard of living. This explanation for global stratification is called ________.

A)culture of poverty
B)world system theory
C)dependency theory
D)theory of undeveloped nations

Question 74

Based on the classical view,what were the three causes of slavery?

Question 75

What are the three variables that contribute MOST to determining one's location in a system of social stratification based on class?

Question 76

Multinational corporations often funnel money to elites in the Least Industrialized Nations to create a "favorable business climate." In reality,this term refers to the creation of ________ and ________.

A)open markets; long-term leases
B)government subsidies; massive workforces
C)open markets; low taxes
D)low taxes; cheap labor

Question 77

What is the major means of control used by the neocolonialists to maintain global stratification?

A)using military occupation as a form of coercion
B)bribing the country's government officials
C)creating debt along with ever-mounting interest
D)controlling the country's mass media

Question 78

Who were the lumpenproletariat?

Question 79

In societies that use a caste system for stratification,what is ablution?

Question 80

Why was slavery made inheritable when it was adopted by landowners in the American colonies?