Deck 9: Foundations of Group Behavior

Question 1

The Walt Disney Company is world renowned for its destination resorts and theme parks. The company prides itself on providing the highest quality experiences for visitors to the parks and trains its employees as "cast members" who are all part of the show. Which group of employees is most likely to be considered an "outgroup" at the theme park?

A) those portraying famous Disney characters
B) those operating the rides
C) those repairing the rides
D) those cleaning the parks
E) those taking the tickets

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When a group stands still or becomes locked into a fixed course of action, it is referred to being in the period of ________.

A) stagnancy
B) inertia
C) dormancy
D) transition
E) completion

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Walt Disney Company is world renowned for its destination resorts and theme parks. The company prides itself on providing the highest quality experiences for visitors to the parks and trains its employees as "cast members" who are all part of the show. Which group of employees is most likely to be considered the "ingroup" at the theme park?

A) those portraying famous Disney characters
B) those operating the rides
C) those repairing the rides
D) those cleaning the parks
E) those taking the tickets

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which one of the following characteristics is not necessarily true about groups?

A) Group members are interdependent.
B) Groups have two or more members.
C) Groups are determined by the organization chart.
D) Groups interact.
E) Groups have particular objectives.

Question 5

Differentiate between formal and informal groups.

Question 6

Temporary groups with deadlines have their own unique sequencing of actions. The first of these actions is ________.

A) forming
B) first meeting
C) norming
D) transitioning
E) performing

Question 7

According to the punctuated-equilibrium model, the performance of the group decreases at the transition or midpoint of the process.

Question 8

At the midpoint of a project, groups tend to experience all of the following except which?

A) bursts of changes
B) dropping of old patterns
C) increased group conflict
D) adoption of new perspectives
E) heightened awareness of time

Question 9

Tammy, Lisa, Bart, Madaline, and Roberto all work at Frink Electronics. After work, Tammy, Lisa, and Madaline all enjoy going to the Lux Lounge for Happy Hour. Tammy, Lisa, and Madaline constitute a(n) ________ group.

A) task
B) formal
C) informal
D) performance
E) action

Question 10

According to the punctuated-equilibrium model, which two triggers bring about brief revolutionary change during the group's inertia?

A) group conflict and missed deadlines
B) missed deadlines and resource utilization
C) resource utilization and awareness of time
D) awareness of time and awareness of deadlines
E) awareness of deadlines and group conflict

Question 11

According to the punctuated-equilibrium model, once set, the group's direction is unlikely to be reexamined throughout the first half of its life.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding informal groups?

A) Informal groups are defined by the organization's structure.
B) In informal groups, the behaviors team members should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals.
C) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law is an informal group.
D) The six members of an airline flight crew are an informal group.
E) Command groups and task groups are examples of informal groups.

Question 13

Tammy, Lisa, Bart, Madaline, and Roberto all work at Frink Electronics. After work, Tammy, Lisa, and Madaline all enjoy going to the Lux Lounge for Happy Hour. Tammy, Lisa, Bart, Madaline, and Roberto constitute a(n) ________ group.

A) task
B) formal
C) informal
D) performance
E) action

Question 14

Julia, Bree, and David work in different departments but often eat lunch together. They are an example of a(n) ________ group.

A) formal
B) informal
C) command
D) task
E) interest

Question 15

Social Identity Theory deals with how people group together according to race or culture.

Question 16

When a group first meets, which of the following occurs?

A) General purpose is defined.
B) Assumptions on direction are made.
C) Approach to the project is determined.
D) Both A and C occur.
E) A, B, and C all occur.

Question 17

Please describe the six stages of the punctuated-equilibrium model.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a reason why people join groups?

A) to consume fewer hours in decision making
B) to fulfill social needs for affiliation
C) to feel stronger and have fewer self-doubts
D) to achieve something that cannot be individually achieved
E) to have increased feelings of worth

Question 19

Temporary groups with deadlines follow the five-stage group-development model of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

Question 20

Shehenna, Puja, and Miguel were all recently hired by Blair Industries as account representatives. During their orientation, these three discovered that they would not be receiving any paid vacation time for their first year of employment. Social identity theory tells us which of the following is likely to occur?

A) The trio will quit.
B) The trio will bond together closely.
C) The trio will bond with others in the organization.
D) The trio will turn on each other.
E) The trio will sue.

Question 21

Which of the following types of norms are likely to be the most common?

A) appearance norms
B) social arrangement norms
C) resource allocation norms
D) performance norms
E) behavioral norms

Question 22

When ________, the result is role conflict.

A) we lack the skills required for performing the role
B) we do not approve of the behavioral requirements of a role
C) our view of the role is different from others' expectations of that role
D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another
E) different groups of people associate different norms with a role

Question 23

Which term refers to a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit?

A) norms
B) status
C) role
D) cohesiveness
E) diversity

Question 24

The important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong are known as the ________ groups.

A) conformation
B) reference
C) status
D) power
E) appearance

Question 25

Explain the following terms: "role perception" and "role expectation."

Question 26

Role expectations indicate our view of how we're supposed to act in a given situation.

Question 27

A role indicates a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.

Question 28

Which of the following is most likely to experience interrole conflict?

A) A policewoman who is also a mother
B) A college student who is also working full time
C) A politician who is also a clergyman
D) An actor who is also homosexual
E) A college professor who is also an author

Question 29

Which of the following is not an example of a performance norm?

A) when an employee needs to look busy
B) how hard an employee should work
C) the appropriate levels of tardiness
D) the acceptable level of output
E) how to get the job done

Question 30

Role ________ indicates the way others believe you should act in a given context.

A) perception
B) identity
C) expectation
D) criterion
E) style

Question 31

Which of the following terms best describes the acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a group's members?

A) norms
B) rules
C) status
D) traditions
E) role perception

Question 32

Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. In such a situation, Zach is most likely to experience ________.

A) role conflict
B) emotional contagion
C) cognitive dissonance
D) emotional labor
E) self-concordance

Question 33

Role perception indicates ________.

A) others' belief regarding how you should act in a given situation
B) the skills required for performing the job
C) the social norms that are to be followed while performing the role
D) our view of how we're supposed to act in a given situation
E) acceptable standards of behavior shared by nongroup members

Question 34

Rhoda is an executive assistant at a major medical center. Because she works directly with the head doctor, Rhoda feels that it is appropriate to council patients on their upcoming procedures. Marge, a recent graduate with a degree in Healthcare Administration, also works at the medical center and is responsible for new patients. Marge typically becomes irritated when Rhoda attempts to council new patients. Rhoda is struggling with her ________.

A) role perception
B) role expectation
C) role norms
D) social norms
E) performance norm

Question 35

Interrole conflict refers to being pulled in several different directions within the workplace.

Question 36

Which of the following terms refers to the process by which an individual's desire for acceptance by the group and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change in individual attitudes and behaviors?

A) conformity
B) coercion
C) commitment
D) convergence
E) confluence

Question 37

You have been working at Saxet Consulting for the past year and are expected to complete three client reviews per week. You have been very productive and have been completing two extra reviews per week. At a recent team meeting, you expected to receive praise from the President for this extra work; however, your manager took credit for the extra work and received the praise from the President. What has your manager violated and what is your likely reaction?

Question 38

________ are the way others believe you should act in a given situation.

A) Social identities
B) Citizenship behaviors
C) Role expectations
D) Psychological contracts
E) Group status

Question 39

Milhouse, a classically trained violinist, recently joined a country band. The members of the band, though they like Milhouse, do not appreciate his attention to details and the preppy way he dresses. The band is pressuring Milhouse to change in order to fit into the group. Which of the following represents the most likely conformity expected of Milhouse?

A) for Milhouse to bathe less
B) for Milhouse to wear jeans and boots
C) for Milhouse to play the fiddle
D) both A and B
E) both A and C

Question 40

Rhoda is an executive assistant at a major medical center. Because she works directly with the head doctor, Rhoda feels that it is appropriate to council patients on their upcoming procedures. Marge, a recent graduate with a degree in Healthcare Administration, also works at the medical center and is responsible for new patients. Marge typically becomes irritated when Rhoda attempts to council new patients. Marge's irritation with Rhoda can be explained by ________.

A) role perception
B) role expectation
C) role norms
D) social norms
E) performance norm

Question 41

High-status group members interrupt others more often than low-status members.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on group interaction?

A) Lower-status members state fewer commands than high status members.
B) Lower-status members tend to be more assertive group members as compared to high-status members.
C) Lower-status members speak more often as compared to high-status members.
D) Lower-status members interrupt others more often compared to high-status members.
E) As compared to high-status members, lower-status members tend to participate in group discussions more actively.

Question 43

According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status?

A) control over the resources needed by the group
B) contribution to goals
C) ability to conform to group norms
D) personality
E) talent

Question 44

As compared to collectivist cultures, conformity to social norms is higher in individualistic cultures.

Question 45

Most likely, what would be the size of the group that is expected to implement a marketing plan?

A) two
B) five
C) seven
D) ten
E) over twelve

Question 46

Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?

A) increase the rewards the group is given if it succeeds
B) increase the amount by which the group's progress is monitored
C) ensure that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified
D) increase the size of the group
E) increase the group's work load

Question 47

High-status members of groups are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.

Question 48

Groups of approximately ________ members tend to be more effective for taking action.

A) two
B) seven
C) eleven
D) sixteen
E) twenty-one

Question 49

Research has indicated that in gender-diverse groups, strong politically correct norms increase group ________.

A) dissention
B) citizenship behaviors
C) turnover
D) creativity
E) expectations

Question 50

Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members?

A) negativity offset
B) deviant workplace behavior
C) self-concordance
D) emotional contagion
E) positivity offset

Question 51

Joe is the manager of the marketing department of an organization. He is restructuring his department and is creating teams to increase the effectiveness of his department. He recognizes that the size of groups impacts their overall behavior and effectiveness. Joe is forming a fact-finding group. What would be the better group size to gain diverse input?

A) two
B) five
C) seven
D) ten
E) over twelve

Question 52

The idea of social loafing is most prominent in which country?

A) China
B) Israel
C) Serbia
D) Russia
E) Canada

Question 53

Low-status groups, perhaps in response to discrimination, are likely to leverage ________ to compete for higher status.

A) ingroup fighting
B) outgroup fighting
C) citizenship behaviors
D) outgroup favoritism
E) ingroup favoritism

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true regarding behavior in a group?

A) Group norms do not press us toward conformity.
B) A recent study suggests those working in a group were less likely to lie, cheat, and steal than individuals working alone.
C) Conformity to social norms is higher in individualistic cultures as compared to that in collectivist cultures.
D) Deviant workplace behavior is likely to flourish where it's supported by group norms.
E) The low-status people in the group speak more often as compared to the high-status people.

Question 55

Since group results cannot be attributed to any single person, the relationship between an individual's input and the group's output is clouded and this increases the possibility of ________.

A) self-concordance
B) emotional contagion
C) negative offset
D) social loafing
E) emotional labor

Question 56

Which of the following terms indicates the tendency of individuals to spend less effort when working collectively?

A) groupthink
B) collective efficacy
C) social loafing
D) groupshift
E) clustering

Question 57

Julio and Waylin both work at a trendy uptown clothing store and were hired at the same time. Julio was recently promoted over Waylin (who is balding), even though Julio often misses work. Which element of status explains this occurrence?

A) power a person wield over others
B) person's ability to contribute to group goals
C) an individual's personal characteristics
D) group interactions
E) the size of the organization

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure?

A) High-status individuals are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.
B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low-status jobs.
C) Lower-status people are better able to resist conformity pressures than their high-status peers.
D) Groups exert equal conformity pressure on all individuals regardless of their status.
E) As compared to high-status members, low-status members are given a wider range of discretion as long as their activities aren't severely detrimental to group goal achievement.

Question 59

________ can increase the power of norms.

A) Communication
B) Emotions
C) Group status
D) Role expectations
E) Social identity

Question 60

What is deviant workplace behavior? How is deviant workplace behavior influenced by the group to which the individual belongs?

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true regarding group decision making?

A) If creativity is important then individuals tend to be more effective than groups.
B) Group decision making tends to decrease the acceptance of the solution.
C) Group decisions are typically less time consuming than individual decisions.
D) Group decisions are generally less accurate than the decisions of the average individual in a group.
E) Groups generate more complete information and knowledge than individuals.

Question 62

If a group is highly cohesive then it will be highly productive even with low performance norms.

Question 63

Gender diversity can be a challenge to a group, but if inclusiveness is stressed, ________ and ________ are lowered.

A) harassment; discrimination
B) discrimination; status
C) status; group conflict
D) group conflict; dissatisfaction
E) dissatisfaction; harassment

Question 64

In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________.

A) self-concordance
B) groupshift
C) satisficing
D) emotional labor
E) groupthink

Question 65

Which is not a weakness of group decision making?

A) Group decision making is time consuming.
B) Group decisions tend to be less creative than individual decisions.
C) Group decisions suffer from ambiguous responsibility.
D) Group decisions can be dominated by one or a few members.
E) In a group decision, the responsibility of any single member is diluted.

Question 66

Which of the following terms indicates the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and are motivated to stay in the group?

A) cohesiveness
B) integration
C) sociability
D) reliability
E) interdependence

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity?

A) When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are also low, productivity will be high.
B) The productivity of the group is affected by the performance norms but not by the cohesiveness of the group.
C) If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be high.
D) If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, productivity will be low.
E) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.

Question 68

Which of the following is not a characteristic of group diversity?

A) increased conflicts
B) lower group morale
C) higher dropout rates
D) decreased cohesiveness
E) greater factual errors

Question 69

Which of the following is not likely to encourage group cohesiveness?

A) stimulating competition with other groups
B) increasing the size of the group
C) obtaining agreement upon the established goals
D) increasing the group's status and the perceived difficulty of attaining membership
E) physically isolating the group

Question 70

Alberto is working with a group of fifteen people to coordinate the merger of two corporations. Everyone in the group is highly qualified, offers relevant information, and has high norms. Still, the group seems to be slow at outlining a definitive plan for the merger. With the information provided, what would be the fastest and best way for Alberto to increase cohesiveness and productivity?

A) hold long meetings at a restaurant or in a social setting
B) stimulate competition within the group
C) decrease the time members spend together
D) decrease the size of the group
E) invite more members into the group

Question 71

Which of the following factors corresponds to deep-level diversity in groups?

A) national origin, race, and gender
B) roles, status, and power
C) ability, intelligence, and personality
D) underlying attitudes, values, and opinions
E) security, self-esteem, and affiliation

Question 72

Describe the relationship between cohesiveness and productivity.

Question 73

In order to avoid status inequity, organizations should remove elements which cause status, such as job titles and chains of command.

Question 74

According to the status characteristics theory, what are the three sources of status?

Question 75

Gottfried lives in a fairly upscale apartment complex whose residents are all young professionals. Gottfried is a friendly person and is usually nice to everyone, including the maintenance staff at the apartment. On Saturday, Gottfried went to the apartment pool party and was seen talking to the maintenance staff on his way into the pool area. During the party, Gottfried was shunned by the other people. Why did this happen?

Question 76

What are some ways to prevent social loafing?

Question 77

The degree to which members of the group are similar to, or different from, one another is considered as diversity.

Question 78

How does group size affect a group's behavior?

Question 79

The phenomenon of ________ describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.

A) social loafing
B) groupshift
C) groupthink
D) group polarization
E) satisficing

Question 80

Increasing the group's status and the perceived difficulty of attaining membership encourages group cohesiveness.