Deck 8: Two-Group Design: Part 2

Question 1

Aya is a developmental psychologist who is interested in studying children's acrophobia (i.e. ,fear of heights).In her experimental study,she randomly assigns some infants to crawl to their mothers on the floor.Other infants must crawl across a glass table (allowing them to see how high they were off of the ground)to get to their mothers.In her study,who is in the control condition?

A) participants who crawl on the floor
B) participants who crawl on the glass table
C) participants who show a fear of heights
D) participants who do not show a fear of heights

Answer 1

participants who crawl on the floor

Question 2

After conducting an independent samples t-test on your data,what test statistic should you examine to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between groups?

A) degrees of freedom
B) p level
C) effect size
D) t score

Answer 2

p level

Question 3

Elizabeth was interested in investigating whether people who use credit cards spend more money than people who pay in cash.To examine this research question experimentally,she _____ the type of payment participants used and _____ money spent.

A) manipulated;measured
B) measured;manipulated
C) varied;manipulated
D) manipulated;varied

Answer 3

manipulated;measured

Question 4

Malica recently completed an experiment that revealed participants are less likely to offer assistance to a victim when there are many bystanders than when there are fewer bystanders.Which of the following represents a plausible follow-up experiment to extend her current findings?

A) investigating whether the rate of 911 calls for victim assistance is higher in more heavily populated cities than in less populated cities
B) looking for archival data on gender differences in helping behavior as documented by newspapers and police records
C) gathering self-report data of whether participants have provided more assistance to friends than to strangers throughout their lives
D) examining whether participants primed to think about helping are more likely to provide assistance than are those who are not primed to think about helping

Question 5

In a study examining the impact of wearing eyeglasses on the likelihood of being hired for a job,participants who are assigned to wear eyeglasses to their job interviews are in the _____ condition.

A) control
B) experimental
C) null
D) independent

Question 6

Experimenters use random assignment of participants to different groups in order to:

A) increase the likelihood that the participants in each group knew one another.
B) increase the likelihood that participants within a group were similar to one another.
C) reduce the likelihood of any preexisting differences between groups.
D) ensure that each groups had the same number of participants.

Question 7

Which of the following steps in the research process would take place after data analysis?

A) conduct a relevant literature review
B) replicate findings to increase confidence in results
C) randomly assign participants to conditions
D) operationally define the independent and dependent variables

Question 8

Why might an experimenter choose to use a behavioral measure of the dependent variable rather than a self-report measure?

A) Studies in which participants know they are being evaluated are too artificial to be informative.
B) It is impossible to empirically investigate what a person is thinking.
C) Self-report measures are only appropriate for nonexperimental designs.
D) Self-report measures are more susceptible to social desirability biases.

Question 9

Professor Loman is interested in conducting a study examining the impact of class discussions on students' overall understanding of course concepts.In his experiment he uses a convenience sample of college-aged students.Ultimately,this is not a problem,because:

A) all psychology studies use college-aged samples.
B) convenience samples measure nearly the entire population of interest.
C) the impact of class discussion on course comprehension is believed to be a universal phenomenon.
D) college students are the target population for this particular study.

Question 10

After data collection,an experimenter must do each of the following,EXCEPT:

A) verify that groups are similar on variables that would provide alternate explanations.
B) establish that the manipulation was effective.
C) test the research hypothesis.
D) assess the likelihood of participants ending up in either the experimental or control condition.

Question 11

Independent samples t-tests are appropriate for which of the following?

A) correlations
B) interviews
C) two-group experimental designs
D) multi-group experimental designs

Question 12

A t-test for independent means is appropriate for studies who use a:

A) within-subjects design with two levels of the independent variable.
B) within-subjects design with more than two levels of the independent variable.
C) between-subjects design with two levels of the independent variable.
D) between-subjects design with more than two levels of the independent variable.

Question 13

Eric wants to verify that automatic toothbrushes work better than manual toothbrushes.To test this,he randomly assigns 25 participants to use a Sonicare toothbrush and 25 people to use a manual toothbrush.At the end of the study period he has a dentist inspect each participants' teeth.In his study,the _____ would be considered the independent variable,whereas the _____ would be considered the dependent variable.

A) type of toothbrush;number of cavities
B) manual toothbrush;automatic toothbrush
C) automatic toothbrush;manual toothbrush
D) number of cavities;type of toothbrush

Question 14

Each of the following bolsters confidence in the obtained results of an experiment,EXCEPT:

A) when researchers find a significant difference between the control and experimental groups on the manipulation check.
B) the investigation reveals a significant difference between groups on preexisting differences.
C) statistical analyses reveal a moderate effect size.
D) the investigation fails to reveal significant differences between groups on preexisting characteristics.

Question 15

Jasmine is a health psychologist who is interested in experimentally investigating whether massages increase psychological well-being.In her study,participants are either assigned to receive one massage a week for a month or no massages during the month-long study.The independent variable in Jasmine's study is operationally defined as:

A) the number of massages one has had in their lifetime.
B) the number of massages one receives during the one month study period.
C) the number of massages one has given in their lifetime.
D) the number of massages one gives during the one month study period.

Question 16

Which of the following is a disadvantage of experimental study designs as compared to nonexperimental study designs?

A) Experiments can only be used to examine phenomena in a research laboratory.
B) Experimental designs are more artificial than nonexperimental designs.
C) Experiments establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
D) Experimental designs fail to establish covariation.

Question 17

Costanza conducts a true experiment examining the effect of energy drinks on work performance.As such,you know that her experiment has _____ internal validity.

A) no
B) low
C) adequate
D) too much

Question 18

In designing an experiment,the _____ should be developed before the _____.

A) study design;theory
B) hypothesis;theory
C) study design;research question
D) research question;hypothesis

Question 19

When results of an experiment reveal a large effect size for the dependent variable,this tells you that:

A) the difference between groups is statistically significant.
B) the magnitude of difference between groups reveals a practically significant finding.
C) there is covariation between the independent and dependent variables.
D) the experiment has the required amount of mundane realism.

Question 20

In an experiment,researchers assign participants to either the experimental or control condition by using:

A) convenience assignment.
B) convenience sampling.
C) random sampling.
D) random assignment.