Deck 13: C: Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Greenfield,B.L. ,Owens,M.D.& Ley,D.(2014).Opioid use in Albuquerque,New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability.Addiction Science and Clinical Practice,9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities.In order to understand how to address the problem,the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture.To that end,the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators,healthcare employees,and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area.Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription;common themes were then assessed.The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment.The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
The authors of Scenario III appear to have analyzed the interview responses using:

A) a t-test.
B) content analysis.
C) an ANOVA.
D) a correlation.

Answer 1

content analysis.

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Greenfield,B.L. ,Owens,M.D.& Ley,D.(2014).Opioid use in Albuquerque,New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability.Addiction Science and Clinical Practice,9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities.In order to understand how to address the problem,the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture.To that end,the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators,healthcare employees,and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area.Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription;common themes were then assessed.The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment.The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
Suppose the city of Albuquerque implements a program to educate children about the dangers of prescription opioid drugs.In order to determine the effectiveness of this program they should conduct a(n)

A) needs evaluation.
B) outcomes evaluation.
C) programmatic research.
D) process evaluation.

Answer 2

outcomes evaluation.

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Baronowski,T. ,Davis,M. ,Resnicow,K. ,et al.(2000).Gimme 5 fruit,juice,and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation.Health Education and Behavior,27,96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children.After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home,the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups.In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year.Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education.Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home.The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group.The results indicated that the program was effective,but the impact was small.On average,children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings.Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively.A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
The needs assessment associated with the study described in Scenario I probably included:

A) statistics indicating a rise in childhood obesity.
B) information about an increase in type 2 diabetes.
C) data reporting a decrease in physical activity.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

all of the above.

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Greenfield,B.L. ,Owens,M.D.& Ley,D.(2014).Opioid use in Albuquerque,New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability.Addiction Science and Clinical Practice,9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities.In order to understand how to address the problem,the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture.To that end,the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators,healthcare employees,and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area.Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription;common themes were then assessed.The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment.The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
Suppose each interviewee was asked to rate the extent to which illegal opioid drug use is a problem by using a 10-point scale where 0 = no problem and 10 = huge problem.Several years later,after a prevention program had been established,individuals were again asked to indicate how much a problem opioid drug use is.Which type of test would be used to determine whether opioid drug perceptions changed?

A) a t-test
B) content analysis
C) an ANOVA
D) a correlation

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Greenfield,B.L. ,Owens,M.D.& Ley,D.(2014).Opioid use in Albuquerque,New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability.Addiction Science and Clinical Practice,9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities.In order to understand how to address the problem,the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture.To that end,the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators,healthcare employees,and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area.Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription;common themes were then assessed.The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment.The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
The study described in Scenario III is a(n):

A) needs assessment.
B) process assessment.
C) outcome assessment.
D) termination assessment.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Esbensen,F. ,Peterson,D. ,Taylor,T.J. ,et al.(2011).Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T. )program.Journal of School Violence,10,53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T)program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix,Arizona,in response to an increase in local gang activity.The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting.Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities,as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement,a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S.Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective.As a result,the program was modified.The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
During the planning phase of the G.R.E.A.T program,the researchers most likely conducted a(n):

A) literature search.
B) focus group.
C) interview.
D) all of the above.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Baronowski,T. ,Davis,M. ,Resnicow,K. ,et al.(2000).Gimme 5 fruit,juice,and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation.Health Education and Behavior,27,96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children.After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home,the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups.In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year.Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education.Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home.The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group.The results indicated that the program was effective,but the impact was small.On average,children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings.Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively.A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
What benefit did the word cloud described in Scenario I probably have?

A) It helped with interpreting the data.
B) It helped with writing the results section in APA style.
C) It helped in making recommendations.
D) It helped in sharing the results of the program evaluation.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Esbensen,F. ,Peterson,D. ,Taylor,T.J. ,et al.(2011).Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T. )program.Journal of School Violence,10,53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T)program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix,Arizona,in response to an increase in local gang activity.The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting.Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities,as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement,a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S.Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective.As a result,the program was modified.The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
Which type of evaluation best describes the 2006 study described in Scenario II?

A) needs
B) process
C) outcomes
D) termination

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Esbensen,F. ,Peterson,D. ,Taylor,T.J. ,et al.(2011).Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T. )program.Journal of School Violence,10,53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T)program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix,Arizona,in response to an increase in local gang activity.The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting.Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities,as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement,a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S.Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective.As a result,the program was modified.The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
When communicating the results about the effectiveness of the G.R.E.A.T.program,the authors should:

A) use APA format and style.
B) thoroughly discuss the statistics.
C) clearly summarize key findings.
D) all of the above.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Esbensen,F. ,Peterson,D. ,Taylor,T.J. ,et al.(2011).Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T. )program.Journal of School Violence,10,53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T)program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix,Arizona,in response to an increase in local gang activity.The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting.Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities,as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement,a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S.Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective.As a result,the program was modified.The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
The authors of the 2006 study described in Scenario II probably received a(n)____________ from the U.S.Department of Justice.

A) grant
B) violation
C) sanction
D) indictment

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Baronowski,T. ,Davis,M. ,Resnicow,K. ,et al.(2000).Gimme 5 fruit,juice,and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation.Health Education and Behavior,27,96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children.After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home,the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups.In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year.Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education.Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home.The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group.The results indicated that the program was effective,but the impact was small.On average,children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings.Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively.A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
According to the authors of Scenario I,the results of this study are similar to the results of earlier studies,the Minnesota 5 a Day Power Plus,and the New Orleans Gimme 5 Project.Together,these data contribute to a body of:

A) programmatic research.
B) qualitative research.
C) quantitative research.
D) mixed-methods research.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Esbensen,F. ,Peterson,D. ,Taylor,T.J. ,et al.(2011).Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T. )program.Journal of School Violence,10,53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T)program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix,Arizona,in response to an increase in local gang activity.The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting.Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities,as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement,a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S.Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective.As a result,the program was modified.The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
Which of the following is a goal of the G.R.E.A.T.program?

A) to advance scientific understanding of a phenomenon
B) to build upon,or advance a theory
C) to provide a specific organization with actionable information that can have immediate implications that benefit their program
D) to provide evidence to the U.S.Department of Justice that gang activity must be eliminated

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Baronowski,T. ,Davis,M. ,Resnicow,K. ,et al.(2000).Gimme 5 fruit,juice,and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation.Health Education and Behavior,27,96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children.After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home,the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups.In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year.Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education.Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home.The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group.The results indicated that the program was effective,but the impact was small.On average,children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings.Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively.A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
Who may have been a stakeholder in the study described in Scenario I?

A) elementary school children
B) parents
C) teachers
D) all of the above