Deck 24: Chromosomal Inheritance and Genetic Disorders

Question 1

A person who has an extra copy of a chromosome is said to have

A)monosomy.
B)bisomy.
C)trisomy.
D)nondisjunction.
E)duplication.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which refers to the loss of a complete chromosome?

A)inversion
B)translocation
C)deletion
D)duplication
E)monosomy

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which statement is NOT true about Down syndrome?

A)It is caused by a third copy of chromosome 21.
B)Greatly increased incidence occurs with fathers over age 40.
C)It is usually associated with chromosomal nondisjunction in meiosis.
D)Characteristics include mental retardation and extra eyelid folds.
E)Affected individuals display mental retardation.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the relationship between linked genes and independent assortment?

A)Linked genes show independent assortment.
B)Linked genes do not show independent assortment.
C)Whether or not genes are linked does not influence whether or not they show independent assortment.
D)There is no relationship between linked genes and independent assortment.
E)One of the linked genes will be inherited from the mother and the other one from the father.

Question 5

The most common autosomal abnormality present in people is

A)XXX.
B)XXY.
C)XO.
D)a deletion in chromosome 5.
E)an extra chromosome 21.

Question 6

The location of a gene on a chromosome is called

A)a locus.
B)homologous.
C)a linkage map.
D)a linkage group.
E)an allele.

Question 7

A normal male marries a color-blind woman.What percent of their female children will be color-blind?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
E)100%

Question 8

What determines whether or not genes located on the same chromosome can assort independently?

A)Genes located on the same chromosome can never assort independently.
B)Genes located on the same chromosome always assort independently.
C)Whether or not independent assortment occurs is due to random chance.
D)The distance between genes located on the same chromosome determines whether or not they can show any level of independent assortment.
E)The phenotype decides what that the gene will express.

Question 9

Karyotyping can be used to diagnose which of the following genetic disorders?

A)Down syndrome
B)phenylketonuria
C)neurofibromatosis
D)cystic fibrosis
E)hemophilia

Question 10

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis,this is termed

A)linked genes.
B)disjunction.
C)nondisjunction.
D)crossover.
E)monosomy.

Question 11

A female with two Barr bodies in her cells would have what combination of sex chromosomes?

A)XXY
B)XXXY
C)XXX
D)XX
E)XYY

Question 12

Which of the following would not be the same in a male and female?

A)the total number of autosomes
B)the loci for the majority of their genes
C)the types of sex chromosomes
D)the inheritance of one X chromosome from their mother
E)the need for two sex chromosomes

Question 13

If there is complete linkage with genes Ss (for smooth or wrinkled seeds)and Gg (for green or yellow seeds),what phenotypes would you expect in the offspring of a cross with one heterozygous parent (Ss,Gg),which would all produce all smooth and green seeds,and a homozygous recessive parent (ss,gg),which would produce all wrinkled yellow seeds?

A)smooth green seeds or wrinkled yellow seeds only
B)smooth green seeds only
C)smooth green seeds,wrinkled yellow seeds,smooth yellow seeds,and wrinkled green seeds
D)wrinkled yellow seeds only

Question 14

Down syndrome

A)is due to disjunction of chromosomes.
B)individuals have two number 21 chromosomes.
C)may occur at a lower rate in women over 40.
D)can occur if the sperm has an extra number 21 chromosome.
E)persons have normal-appearing eyelids.

Question 15

Which genetic trait is NOT associated with the chromosome involved in Down syndrome?

A)increased incidence of leukemia
B)cataracts
C)mental retardation
D)accelerated aging
E)cystic fibrosis

Question 16

All of the genes on a single chromosome are

A)a locus.
B)homologous.
C)a linkage map.
D)a linkage group.
E)an allele.

Question 17

If a person has short stature,a fold in the eyelids,fissured tongue,and mental retardation,they have

A)cri du chat syndrome.
B)Down syndrome.
C)fragile X syndrome.
D)Turner syndrome.
E)Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 18

Which statement is true regarding the Barr body?

A)It is found in the nuclei of females.
B)It is found in the nuclei of males.
C)It is found in the cytoplasm of males.
D)It is found in the cytoplasm of females.
E)It is a condensed,inactive Y chromosome.

Question 19

Color-blindness is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait.A male who is color-blind marries a heterozygous woman.What percent of their total children will be color-blind?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
E)100%

Question 20

The ____ gene causes mental retardation by increasing the levels of purines in the blood.

A)Gart
B)Dart
C)RFLP
D)SRY
E)Barr

Question 21

If a person has a portion of number 5 chromosome missing,they may have

A)Down syndrome.
B)cri du chat syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Klinefelter syndrome.
E)Jacobs syndrome.

Question 22

An XXX female would most likely result from nondisjunction in

A)the mother during egg formation.
B)the father during sperm formation.
C)in both the mother and father during gamete formation.
D)the fertilized egg.
E)neither the mother nor the father.

Question 23

If a woman is a carrier for the color-blind recessive allele and her husband has normal vision,what are their chances that a son will be color-blind?

A)None,because the father is normal.
B)50%,since the mother is only a carrier.
C)100% because the mother has the gene.
D)25% because the mother is a hybrid.
E)None since the son will also be just a carrier.

Question 24

Which refers to the movement of a piece of one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome?

A)inversion
B)translocation
C)deletion
D)duplication
E)monosomy

Question 25

Generally,it is not possible to determine whether nondisjunction failed to occur in oogenesis or spermatogenesis.However,it is possible to assert that _____ resulted in nondisjunction in ____.

A)XXY; oogenesis
B)XYY; spermatogenesis
C)XXX; oogenesis
D)XXY; spermatogenesis
E)XO; oogenesis

Question 26

If a chromosomal segment appears more than once in the same chromosome,it is termed a(n)

A)translocation.
B)duplication.
C)deletion.
D)inversion.
E)polyploid.

Question 27

The cri du chat syndrome represents a chromosomal mutation type termed

A)translocation.
B)duplication.
C)deletion.
D)inversion.
E)polyploidy.

Question 28

A person with an XO genotype is classified as having

A)Down syndrome.
B)cri du chat syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Klinefelter syndrome.
E)a poly-X state.

Question 29

An individual who has an XXY combination of sex chromosomes is said to have _____ syndrome.

A)Klinefelter
B)Turner
C)Down
D)fragile X
E)cri du chat

Question 30

If an individual has a XYY genotype,they are classified as having

A)Down syndrome.
B)cri du chat syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Klinefelter syndrome.
E)Jacobs syndrome.

Question 31

Which of the following conditions is NOT due to a sex-linked gene?

A)color-blindness
B)hemophilia
C)muscular dystrophy
D)Klinefelter syndrome
E)inability to see red or green

Question 32

If a person inherits two X chromosomes,this individual will be

A)female.
B)male.
C)color-blind.
D)sterile.
E)a poly-X female.

Question 33

Genes on the ___ chromosome determine if the sex of a child will be male or female.

A)X
B)Y
C)21st
D)5th
E)19th

Question 34

A female that does not undergo puberty or menstruate or lacks breast development may have

A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Down syndrome.
C)cri du chat syndrome.
D)Turner syndrome.
E)poly-X female state.

Question 35

Which refers to the addition of a repeat segment of a chromosome?

A)inversion
B)translocation
C)deletion
D)duplication
E)monosomy

Question 36

The trait diagrammed in Figure 24.1 is a(n)

A)dominant X-linked trait.
B)recessive X-linked trait.
C)recessive Y-linked trait.
D)autosomal dominant trait.
E)dominant Y-linked trait.

Question 37

Which refers to the loss of a portion of a chromosome?

A)inversion
B)translocation
C)deletion
D)duplication
E)monosomy

Question 38

Considering that males can have Klinefelter (XXY)syndrome,XYY,and normal XY chromosomal combinations,and females can have Turner (XO)syndrome,poly-X (XXX,XXXX),and normal XX combinations,it is obvious that

A)maleness results from the presence of only one X chromosome.
B)maleness results from the absence of two or more X chromosomes.
C)maleness results from the minimal presence of one Y chromosome.
D)femaleness results from the presence of two or more X chromosomes.
E)sex determination is a delicate balance between X and Y chromosomes.

Question 39

If a chromosomal segment is turned around 180 $\degree$ ,the chromosomal mutation is termed a(n)

A)translocation.
B)duplication.
C)deletion.
D)inversion.
E)monosomy.

Question 40

The reason that missing an X chromosome and having an extra X chromosome do NOT cause more harm than they do is best explained by the

A)inactivation of any X beyond the first as a Barr body.
B)presence of genes on the Y chromosome that determine maleness.
C)presence of genes on the X chromosomes that determine femaleness.
D)loss of a sex chromosome in normal cells as embryo development occurs.
E)a higher level of gene-repair enzyme activity on sex chromosomes.

Question 41

Which one of the following disorders listed below is NOT caused by a change in chromosome structure?

A)fragile X syndrome
B)Klinefelter syndrome
C)Williams syndrome
D)cri du chat syndrome
E)All of the answer choices are caused by a change in chromosome structure.

Question 42

Which trait is not part of the linkage group found on chromosome 19?

A)production of elastin
B)muscular dystrophy
C)hair color (brown)
D)eye color (green/blue)
E)colorectal cancer

Question 43

In fruit flies,bar eye is inherited by an X-linked allele (B for bar).If a heterozygous bar-eyed female is mated to a non-bar-eyed male,what will be the expected ratio of phenotype given four offspring?

A)two bar-eyed females,two bar-eyed males
B)one bar-eyed and one non-bar-eyed female,one bar-eyed and one non-bar-eyed male
C)three bar-eyed females and one non-bar-eyed male
D)bar-eyed females only
E)non-bar-eyed males only

Question 44

A mother is a carrier for blue eyes (autosomal recessive)and for hemophilia (X-linked recessive).Which of these is a correct statement?

A)All sons will have blue eyes and be hemophiliacs.
B)It depends on the father's genotype as to whether the sons will have blue eyes and/or be hemophiliacs.
C)The father's genotype can determine whether a son will have blue eyes but cannot determine whether a son will be a hemophiliac.
D)Regardless of the father,no sons will have blue eyes or be hemophiliacs.
E)There is a linkage between eye color and hemophilia.

Question 45

A karyotype will NOT reveal which of the following genetic diseases?

A)Turner syndrome
B)Klinefelter syndrome
C)Down syndrome
D)cri du chat syndrome
E)hemophilia

Question 46

A color-blind (recessive trait)woman will pass the allele to

A)her sons only.
B)all her children.
C)her daughters only.
D)none of her children.
E)her husband.

Question 47

Which genetic disorder is the result of a deletion of a section of an individual's chromosome?

A)Williams syndrome
B)Klinefelter syndrome
C)Down syndrome
D)Turner syndrome
E)None of the answer choices is the result of a deletion of a section of an individual's chromosome.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT true about a karyotype?

A)Homologous chromosomes are arranged in pairs.
B)Sex chromosomes are identified separately from autosomes.
C)All chromosome pairs are numbered differently for males and females.
D)Chromosome pairs are assorted by both size and shape.
E)Banding patterns are used in pairing chromosomes.

Question 49

Hemophilia (h)is a sex-linked recessive trait.If a hemophiliac male marries a carrier female,

A)50% of their daughters will be hemophiliac.
B)75% of their daughters will be hemophiliac.
C)25% of their daughters will be hemophiliac.
D)25% of their sons will be hemophiliac.
E)75% of their sons will be hemophiliac.

Question 50

Which disorder is characterized by a lack of the protein dystrophin?

A)hemophilia
B)color-blindness
C)muscular dystrophy
D)Down syndrome
E)cystic fibrosis

Question 51

Describe a genetic disorder associated with a deletion in chromosomal number.

Question 52

Which of the following sex-linked disorders is characterized by an abnormal number of repeat sequences in the genome?

A)fragile X syndrome
B)hemophilia
C)color-blindness
D)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
E)None of the answer choices is true.

Question 53

Which of the following sex-linked diseases is characterized by the absence of a clotting factor?

A)hemophilia
B)fragile X syndrome
C)color-blindness
D)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
E)None of the answer choices is true.