Deck 3: Seciton 4: Beginnings: Heredity and Environment

Question 1

An individual's collection of genes is called a phenotype.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The general term for the techniques designed to help infertile couples conceive and then sustain a pregnancy is in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When the 23 pairs of chromosomes duplicate and form two complete sets of the genome, this process is referred to as duplication.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Genes are located on chromosomes.

Question 5

When a person inherits a recessive gene that is not expressed in the phenotype, that person is a carrier of the gene.

Question 6

The cells that result from the early duplication and division processes are called stem cells, which are able to produce any other specialized cell.

Question 7

Dizygotic twins originate from the same zygote; therefore, they have the same genotype.

Question 8

Every ovum a woman creates contains an X chromosome.

Question 9

It is the mother's ovum that determines whether the developing baby will become a boy or a girl.

Question 10

Due to genetic inheritance, each child is the product of both parents, but only looks, sounds, and acts like one of them.

Question 11

An individual's phenotype is dependent entirely on an individual's genes.

Question 12

Almost every trait is polygenic, which means it is affected by many genes.

Question 13

If the 23rd pair of chromosomes contains one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, then the individual is male.

Question 14

When the effects of genes add up to make the phenotype, they are called dominant-recessive genes.

Question 15

Almost every cell in the human body has 23 single chromosomes.

Question 16

If the 23rd pair of chromosomes contains two X chromosomes, then that individual is a male.

Question 17

The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of genes in the same positions and sequence. If the code of the gene from one parent is exactly like the code of the same gene from the other parent, the gene pair is heterozygous.

Question 18

Each variation of a particular gene is called an allele of that gene.

Question 19

All humans have about 100,000 genes.

Question 20

Genes and alleles for alcoholism have been found exclusively on the Y chromosome.

Question 21

The most common extra-chromosome condition is fragile X syndrome.

Question 22

Genes affect disorders such as alcoholism and nearsightedness, but research indicates that the environment plays a role as well.

Question 23

Genes, culture, and age all affect vision.

Question 24

Heritability indicates how much of the variation of a trait can be traced to genes.

Question 25

Consultation and testing by trained experts that enable individuals to learn about their genetic heritage, including harmful conditions they might pass along to any children they may conceive, is referred to as couples counseling.

Question 26

Due to biological sex (XX or XY) women become drunk on more alcohol than men.