Deck 17: Seciton 3: Emerging Adulthood: Biosocial Development

Question 1

Xavier is a male in the developmental stage of emerging adulthood. He can expect to notice all of the following physical changes EXCEPT for increased _____.

A) muscle growth
B) body fat
C) bone strength
D) arm strength

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Hans is a 21-year-old American. According to the text, Hans is in the developmental stage of _____.

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) early adulthood
D) young adulthood

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements is NOT true about emerging adulthood?

A) It is a time between full body growth and full adult roles.
B) This developmental stage has not always existed.
C) Universal trends, including longer educational tracks and later first-time parenthood, have "created" this stage.
D) All individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 are now considered to be in this stage.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Developmentalists cluster adults into chronological age groups for all of the following reasons EXCEPT _____.

A) age matters to adults as they live their lives
B) developmental variations are nonexistent
C) maturation and experience accumulate
D) cohort matters

Question 5

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is considered to be in the developmental stage of _____.

A) adulthood
B) emerging adulthood
C) post-adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 6

Leg muscles _____ throughout adulthood.

A) decrease in strength
B) increase in strength
C) retain their adolescent strength
D) expand as height increases

Question 7

Although the health of many emerging adults is good, some may be diagnosed with a chronic disease. All of the following are common diagnoses for this age group EXCEPT _____.

A) high blood pressure
B) cancer
C) asthma
D) diabetes

Question 8

Which task would be easier for a 21-year-old than a 51-year-old?

A) write a letter by hand
B) carry a bag of groceries from the store to the car
C) watch 2 hours of television
D) walk up 4 flights of stairs

Question 9

Fatal disease is _____ worldwide during emerging adulthood.

A) common
B) rare
C) typical
D) unknown

Question 10

Biologically, emerging adulthood has traditionally been the optimal time for hard physical work and _____.

A) job success
B) relationship problems
C) decreased risk-taking
D) safe reproduction

Question 11

In a large study, about 95 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds reported no activity limitations due to _____, a rate far better than that of any other age group.

A) pregnancy
B) increased psychological stress
C) work commitments
D) chronic health conditions

Question 12

Chanel has recently finished high school and is now attending college. After earning her undergraduate degree she plans to continue on to graduate school. In addition, Chanel is not seriously dating anyone and thinks marriage and parenthood are years away. Chanel is at which developmental stage?

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) extended adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 13

During emerging adulthood, all body systems _____.

A) begin to develop
B) function optimally
C) cease developing
D) age rapidly

Question 14

Most girls reach their maximum height around age _____.

A) 16
B) 18
C) 21
D) 30

Question 15

For all adults, including emerging adults, chronological age is _____.

A) closely related to physical, cognitive, and social transitions
B) perfectly related to physical, cognitive, and social transitions
C) somewhat related to physical, cognitive, and social transitions
D) not related to physical, cognitive, and social transitions

Question 16

Most boys reach their maximum height around age _____.

A) 16
B) 18
C) 21
D) 30

Question 17

Emerging adults tend to do which of the following with regard to medical care?

A) overuse the system, frequently seeing doctors for even small complaints
B) need significant care by doctors and other medical professionals
C) avoid medical professionals, unless they are injured or pregnant
D) receive ongoing medical care, but report significant activity limitations due to chronic health conditions

Question 18

Generally, emerging adulthood is characterized by _____ health.

A) good to excellent
B) failing
C) slowly improving
D) fair to poor

Question 19

Riley is 23 years old. If she is like other individuals her age, which of the following health habits is Riley MOST likely to have?

A) keeping detailed medical records for personal use
B) avoiding dangerous activities
C) seeking medical help when injured
D) attending regular medical check-ups

Question 20

The process of aging by which the body becomes less strong and efficient is referred to as _____.

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) hikikomori
D) diathesis

Question 21

CeCe, who is 25, just finished a 5-mile jog. While cooling down, she notices that it is harder to jog 5 miles now than it was when she was 18. CeCe is experiencing _____.

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) hikikomori
D) diathesis

Question 22

Although Leah has a closet full of clothes and shoes she is shopping for a new outfit to wear on Saturday night. Leah wants to look good and she thinks a new outfit will help her accomplish this goal. Statistically, Leah is most likely to be what age?

A) 15 years old
B) 23 years old
C) 31 years old
D) 40 years old

Question 23

A particular body weight that an individual's homeostatic processes strive to maintain is referred to as the _____.

A) organ reserve
B) body mass index
C) set point
D) optimal weight

Question 24

Bella has been skipping meals and eating very little for months. One night she goes out with friends and eats a full, heavy meal. Within hours, she is vomiting and has diarrhea. Bella's symptoms are likely the result of a(n) _____ adjustment.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostatic
C) senescence
D) allostatic

Question 25

Organ reserve power decreases each _____, but it usually does not matter because people rarely need to draw on it.

A) day
B) month
C) year
D) decade

Question 26

What percentage of emerging adults reach the standard of exercising 30 minutes a day, five days a week?

A) 21 percent
B) 41 percent
C) 61 percent
D) 81 percent

Question 27

What two factors encourage exercise among individuals?

A) friendship and communities
B) friendship and a desk job
C) communities and parenthood
D) parenthood and marriage

Question 28

Beginning around age 25, the maximum heart rate _____ and the resting heart rate _____.

A) increases; remains stable
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; remains stable

Question 29

The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adulthood) study began with over four thousand healthy 18- to 30-year-olds; most were reexamined 7 to 20 years later. The study found that _____.

A) those who were the most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
B) those who were the least fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
C) those who were the least and most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
D) there was no relation between fitness level at the first assessment and later health conditions.

Question 30

Robert is just leaving his 11:00 a.m. college class and he is extremely hungry. He heads over to the cafeteria and orders a meal. After eating for about 10 minutes Robert is feeling full and decides not to finish the entire meal. Robert's behavior is likely under the influence of his _____.

A) organ reserve
B) body mass index
C) set point
D) optimal weight

Question 31

The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress via extra, unused functioning ability is referred to as _____.

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) organ reserve
D) diathesis

Question 32

Maximum strength potential typically begins to decline by age _____.

A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35

Question 33

Due to a job loss and divorce, 25-year-old Luke has been under an enormous amount of stress, yet he still feels good physically. The fact that Luke's body can continue to function well under this stress is likely due to _____.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) senescence
D) diathesis

Question 34

Chase exercises 6 days a week in order to have a fit, muscular, and attractive body. Chase is most likely what age?

A) 20 years old
B) 40 years old
C) 60 years old
D) 80 years old

Question 35

Grace is in her early 20s and exercises regularly. As she ages, what is likely going to encourage her to continue to exercise regularly?

A) becoming a parent
B) having an active friend
C) getting married
D) working 50+ hours each week

Question 36

Young adults rarely experience serious illness because which three systems of body functioning tend to work in harmony?

A) organ reserve, homeostasis, allostasis
B) homeostasis, senescence, allostasis
C) senescence, organ reserve, allostasis
D) homeostasis, senescence, organ reserve

Question 37

Senescence begins in _____.

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

Question 38

Carl, age 23, just had an athletic check-up. He was told that as he gets older his _____ heart rate will remain stable, but his _____ heart rate will decline.

A) resting; maximum
B) resting; minimum
C) maximum; resting
D) minimum; resting

Question 39

Exercise helps protect _____ from serious illness.

A) adolescents
B) emerging adults
C) adults
D) everyone

Question 40

A dynamic longer-term body adjustment that affects overall physiology is referred to as _____.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) senescence
D) allostasis

Question 41

Claudia began using an IUD, a long-acting form of contraception, at age 18. While using the IUD, she became pregnant and proceeded to have her first child. Claudia's case is _____.

A) typical of the way first pregnancies happen
B) typical because IUDs almost always fail
C) atypical because IUDs rarely fail
D) atypical because a shorter-acting form of contraception should have been used with the IUD

Question 42

On average, well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of _____.

A) night terrors
B) physical ailments
C) vivid dreams
D) psychopathology

Question 43

About _____ of emerging adults believe that premarital sex and non-marital childbirth are morally wrong.

A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three-fourths

Question 44

About _____ percent of all emerging U.S. adults are within the normal range for body weight.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 80

Question 45

Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents. Their solution is _____.

A) abstinence
B) monogamy
C) contraception
D) early marriage

Question 46

Which individual is most likely to be an STI vector?

A) Michael, age 15
B) Thomas, age 23
C) Dean, age 39
D) Ross, age 55

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT true about the sexual-reproductive system of emerging adults?

A) Miscarriage is less common.
B) Conception is quicker.
C) Orgasms are more frequent.
D) Serious birth complications are usual.

Question 48

Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections?

A) serial monogamy
B) international travel
C) localized prostitution
D) modern contraception

Question 49

Most emerging adults think that _____ is the purpose of sex.

A) reproduction
B) retaliation
C) relationship
D) recreation

Question 50

A vector is _____.

A) a person who dies from a disease
B) a type of sexually transmitted disease
C) a person who spreads a disease
D) someone who has a communicable illness

Question 51

Largely due to the sexual activities of young adults, _____ has become a worldwide epidemic.

A) premarital sex
B) HIV
C) teenage pregnancy
D) contraception

Question 52

With regard to modern contraception, _____ has a failure rate of about 1 in 400 women.

A) the pill
B) Depo-Provera
C) the condom
D) abstinence

Question 53

Historically, peak newborn survival occurred when mothers were _____ years old at the time of birth.

A) 15 to 22
B) 18 to 25
C) 25 to 32
D) 30 to 37

Question 54

The ratio between weight and height that is used to determine whether a person is below, at, or above normal weight is referred to as the _____.

A) organ reserve
B) body mass index
C) set point
D) optimal weight

Question 55

Peyton is thinking about why she has sex and concludes that it is because she wants to strengthen her bond with her partner. Peyton's attitude about sex falls into which category?

A) reproduction
B) retaliation
C) relationship
D) recreation

Question 56

Delilah is currently a 22-year-old college student. Like most of her peers she believes that premarital sex is _____.

A) okay if you plan to get married
B) wrong
C) acceptable
D) very risky

Question 57

In the United States and worldwide, women above age 30 are having _____ children than they did twenty years earlier, and emerging adults are having _____ children than they did then.

A) more; fewer
B) fewer; fewer
C) fewer; more
D) more; more

Question 58

About _____ percent of all new cases of STIs worldwide occur in people under the age of 26.

A) 1
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

Question 59

Emerging adults eat about _____ as many fruits and vegetables as they should.

A) a quarter
B) a third
C) half
D) three-quarters

Question 60

One study in the United States found that college students who live _____ ate a more balanced, healthier diet than their peers who did not.

A) on college campuses
B) with their parents
C) in an apartment off campus
D) alone

Question 61

Before they reach age 30, about _____ percent of U.S. residents suffer from a mood disorder like mania, bipolar disorder, or major depression.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 90

Question 62

Ren is experiencing hikikomori. For the past six months he has stayed in his room almost all the time due to the anxiety he feels toward the social and academic pressures of college. Ren lives in _____.

A) the United States
B) Brazil
C) Japan
D) Sweden

Question 63

About one-third of emerging adults in the United States have been arrested at least once, usually for _____.

A) violent offenses
B) property offenses
C) drug-related offenses
D) sexual assault

Question 64

Which emerging adult is more likely to experience psychopathology?

A) Jana, who has a family history of depression and recently experienced a romantic relationship break-up
B) Brody, who just lost his job, but is using the extra time to study for his college classes
C) Kevin, who has a family history of anxiety and is working part-time in the college library
D) Allison, who has a supportive family and is earning good grades in her college classes

Question 65

About _____ of U.S. residents below the age of 25 experience anxiety disorders.

A) one-eighth
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) one-half

Question 66

Janel is a 19-year-old who has developed a fear of interacting with people. She is most likely experiencing _____.

A) schizophrenia
B) major depression
C) social phobia
D) OCD

Question 67

Diagnosis of _____ is most common from ages 18 to 24, with men more likely to develop the disorder than women.

A) schizophrenia
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) anxiety
D) bipolar

Question 68

Statistically, which of these 21-year-olds would be the most likely to engage in extreme drinking?

A) Henry, who did not go to college and works full-time
B) Stanley, who is a college junior
C) Hillary, who graduated from college ten years ago
D) Jessica, who did not go to college and works part-time

Question 69

Joya is a 21-year-old college student. Statistically, she is MOST likely to _____.

A) smoke cigarettes
B) binge drink
C) use illegal drugs
D) be an addict

Question 70

Layla has not been interested in even her favorite activities for several weeks. She has trouble sleeping and concentrating. She has also felt very hopeless about the future. Layla may be experiencing _____.

A) schizophrenia
B) major depression
C) social phobia
D) mania

Question 71

Family members may know when a person is abusing drugs, and this gives them a chance to intervene. However, intervention is least likely during _____.

A) adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) adulthood
D) late adulthood

Question 72

Forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and that are attractive and thrilling as a result are referred to as _____ sports.

A) thrilling
B) extreme
C) injury-inducing
D) mundane

Question 73

The use of illegal drugs peaks from ages _____ and declines more sharply than the use of cigarettes and alcohol.

A) 15 to 22
B) 18 to 25
C) 21 to 28
D) 24 to 31

Question 74

Shaun has just taken a position as an emergency room nurse. He is likely to notice _____.

A) an absence of emerging adults in the emergency room
B) emerging adults who do not respond to typical doses of medications
C) emerging adults with a variety of injuries
D) emerging adults suffering from heart disease, cancer, and stroke

Question 75

According to the text, which of the following is NOT likely to contribute to increased instances of psychopathology in emerging adults?

A) greater sexual freedom
B) high unemployment
C) less parental day-to-day involvement
D) more education

Question 76

Using a drug in a quantity or a manner that harms physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being is called drug _____.

A) abuse
B) use
C) addiction
D) dependence

Question 77

Emerging adults are in a high-risk category for _____.

A) serious injury and violent death
B) complications from surgery
C) age discrimination
D) infertility

Question 78

Risk-taking during emerging adulthood _____.

A) is usually beneficial to society
B) is usually harmful to society
C) rarely has an effect on society
D) may benefit or harm society

Question 79

The view that psychological disorders are produced by the interaction of a genetic vulnerability and environmental factors and life events is referred to as the _____.

A) gene-environment model
B) gene-stress model
C) diathesis-environment model
D) diathesis-stress model

Question 80

Jorge spends his weekends engaged in freestyle motocross. Jorge is participating in a(n) _____ sport.

A) spiritual
B) extreme
C) illegal
D) college