Deck 1: An Introduction to Sociology in the Global Age

Question 1

When globalization increases negative flows, such as spreading diseases or pollution, it is called:

A) terrorism
B) deviant globalization
C) hypercapitalism
D) antiglobalizaion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the author, George Ritzer, no social change is as important today as _______________.

A) social movements
B) globalization
C) climate change
D) the growth of inequality

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Mohamed Bouazizi's public suicide was a spark that set in motion the revolution in Tunisia, which spread throughout much of the Middle East. The author uses this to demonstrate what important lesson that can be learned from studying sociology?

A) Individual thought and action is influenced by groups, culture, and society
B) Social changes often start slow but spread rapidly
C) Individuals are responsible for pushing society toward greater freedom
D) Social change that starts out strong often loses momentum

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The introduction of mobile phones, and their widespread use by individuals all over the world, has influenced all kinds of factors, including car accident rates, dinner etiquette, and how freshman college students communicate with their parents. This is an example of:

A) McDonaldization
B) the butterfly effect
C) the Hawthorne effect
D) the sociological imagination

Question 5

Many news sources attribute the beginning of the Tunisian revolution and the Arab Spring to the death of Mohamed Bouazizi, who set himself on fire before a government office as a form of protest. In the textbook, Ritzer says that sociologists would:

A) agree. Bouazizi's act is the underlying cause of the Arab Spring.
B) disagree and attribute the revolution to a counterreaction by the government.
C) disagree. Political and economic preconditions led to Arab Spring.
D) mostly focus on how society influenced Bouazizi's behavior.

Question 6

The mass introduction of high-speed internet has allowed people around the world to obtain information faster than ever before. It has influenced many factors around the globe, including how people meet through networks and how often people can communicate. Sociology would point to high-speed internet as an example of:

A) the butterfly effect
B) the social change effect
C) commodification
D) globalization

Question 7

_____________ sociology collaborates outside of academia with practical problems, addressing a wide range of social issues that concern local, national, and global groups.

A) Reform
B) Pragmatist
C) Public
D) Contemporary

Question 8

As globalization takes place, the movement of products and people of the world becomes more ___________.

A) monitored
B) regulated
C) unequal
D) fluid

Question 9

The postindustrial age began around the middle of the twentieth century, but transitioned into the _________________ at the beginning of the twenty-first century.

A) social age
B) cyber age
C) space age
D) information age

Question 10

In which period do more people of both genders perform free labor?

A) The industrial age
B) The postindustrial age
C) The information age
D) The postmodern age

Question 11

The main focus of sociology is:

A) to study and explain what motivates individual behaviors
B) to study the way people are influenced by groups or organizations
C) to study how people affect and are affected by social structures and social processes
D) to study the organizations that people create

Question 12

Sociology is the systematic study of:

A) the way people are influenced by groups
B) the way people influence one another
C) organizations and social structures
D) the way people are affected and affect social structures and processes

Question 13

During the increase of globalization, what effect has social structures had on the flow of products and information?

A) Social structures typically enable better global flows
B) Social structures are typically designed to impede global flows
C) Social structures exist to both increase and limit global flows
D) Social structures have little effect on the flow of products and information

Question 14

In the United States, manufacturing has __________ since the middle of the twentieth century, signaling a move out of the _______________ age.

A) decreased; industrial
B) decreased; preindustrial
C) increased; preindustrial
D) increased; agrarian

Question 15

The iPhone has been purchased by millions of people and has revolutionized the ways phones function in society. This shows that increased consumption patterns:

A) support the way capitalism weeds out good and bad products
B) influences not just the economy but also culture
C) is more likely to sort the rich from the poor
D) have their greatest influence on the young generation

Question 16

Sociology was founded in the eighteenth and nineteenth century, when the study of __________________ became a special focus of attention.

A) the United States
B) the Industrial Revolution
C) the nuclear family
D) the decline of religion

Question 17

McDonaldization is a concept that describes:

A) the process of globalization
B) the creation of rational systems that can guide mass production
C) the way that cultural diffusion happens
D) the creation of an unskilled and low paid underclass of workers

Question 18

McDonald's, blue jeans, and Pizza Hut are now found in countries all over the world. This is an example of the effects of:

A) cultural lag
B) globalization
C) cultural relativity
D) McDonaldization

Question 19

An important lesson in sociology exemplified by the introductory story about how the Arab Spring began is to show the impact that an individual can have on societal structures and processes. The idea that a person can impact large-scale structures is called:

A) public sociology
B) mediated interaction
C) the butterfly effect
D) the sociological imagination

Question 20

Sociologists are interested in the development of a new "_____________" economy, where businesses such as Uber, Airbnb.com, and others are a growing model for providing services using technology.

A) postindustrial
B) Google
C) sharing
D) technocratic

Question 21

According to Erving Goffman, the Vietnam War protestors would be considered _______________________ as they realized their power to create change and affect the entire society.

A) dangerous giants
B) the power elite
C) social constructionists
D) communists

Question 22

The power of clothing designers to influence what fashions women wear has been analyzed as a form of encouraging women to engage in a project of ongoing body discipline. This is an example of:

A) agency-structure analysis
B) social constructionism
C) sociological imagination
D) social reform

Question 23

In his theory of violence, contemporary sociologist Randall Collins includes both individuals who must have skills to carry out violent interactions and the materials and resources that an organization must equip themselves with in order to carry out violence. His theory includes both _____________ and _______________ components.

A) public; private
B) global; local
C) agency; structural
D) micro; macro

Question 24

Many people believe that when they get laid off from their job they are alone, but many soon come to realize that this is a result of the current recession. They are able to connect their ____________ troubles to ______________ issues.

A) public; private
B) individualistic; common
C) secret; overt
D) private; public

Question 25

If a researcher, choosing to study poverty within a major city, chooses to focus on the relationship between social class and level of poverty, he/she would be utilizing a _________ analytical approach.

A) Micro
B) Macro
C) Dangerous giant
D) Social construction

Question 26

If a researcher, deciding to study crime within a specific community, chooses to interview residents to gain some insight into the problem, he/she would be utilizing ____________ analysis.

A) micro
B) macro
C) public
D) organic

Question 27

According to sociologist Erving Goffman, individuals are _______________ because they can disrupt and destroy the structures in which they participate.

A) chaos agents
B) communists
C) dangerous giants
D) delusional

Question 28

________________ is the significance of the individual to have the capacity to influence the shape of society and culture.

A) Empowerment
B) Agency
C) Social construction
D) Efficacy

Question 29

_____________________ is a sociologist who argued that a money economy is significant because it speeds up consumption and also allows people to consume more than they otherwise would.

A) C. Wright Mills
B) Auguste Comte
C) Georg Simmel
D) Karl Marx

Question 30

There are four defining characteristics of McDonaldization. Which of the following is NOT one of these characteristics?

A) Efficiency
B) Calculability
C) Control
D) Expansion

Question 31

________________ was a social reformist who focused on the relationships between the military and influential leaders of major corporations.

A) Auguste Comte
B) Karl Marx
C) C. Wright Mills
D) Émile Durkheim

Question 32

__________________________ is the ability to look at the social world from different perspectives.

A) Sociological imagination
B) Mediated interaction
C) Social constructionism
D) Public sociology

Question 33

As a college student, the choices in how to obtain your education are affected by which main sociological issue(s) that Dr. Ritzer presents in his text?

A) Globalization
B) Mediated interaction
C) Consumption
D) Three interrelated themes of globalization, consumption, and the digital world

Question 34

One of the four defining characteristics of McDonaldization is predictability. What does predictability refer to here?

A) The ability to predict the future growth of the company
B) The ability to predict one's experience across different settings
C) The ability to predict where the product will spread
D) The ability to predict who will buy the product

Question 35

When it comes to the digital world, which of the following questions IS LEAST LIKELY to be a research interest of sociology:

A) Who has internet access around the world?
B) How can social networking sites increase interaction between people?
C) How does the increase in technology affect cognitive growth of teenagers?
D) How do smart phones affect the norms of eating in a restaurant?

Question 36

A researcher who is studying the issues within a local school district realizes that these problems are occurring in the majority of public school districts within the United States. This researcher is connecting _______ to _________ social phenomena.

A) local; global
B) micro; macro
C) private; public
D) agency; structure

Question 37

The Power Elite was written by:

A) Auguste Comte
B) C. Wright Mills
C) Karl Marx
D) Émile Durkheim

Question 38

Dr. Ritzer presents three main concerns as the centerpiece for his text. These concerns are:

A) globalization, consumption, and the digital world
B) globalization, global economics, and the Internet
C) capitalism, industrialism, and the Information Age
D) the industrial revolution, the agricultural revolution, and the information revolution

Question 39

One of the biggest challenges for sociologists who want to participate in public sociology is:

A) to compete with "pop sociology" sources effectively
B) to find available avenues outside of academic journals where sociology can be shared
C) to preserve the integrity of one's ideas rather than have them "McDonaldized"
D) to find ways to make sociological phenomena relevant to real people

Question 40

___________ is often considered one of the earliest important sociologists who studied the link between micro and macro issues when he studied workers in the capitalistic economic systems.

A) Karl Marx
B) Auguste Comte
C) Georg Simmel
D) C. Wright Mills

Question 41

Migration of people and products is a new trend that defines the global age.

Question 42

The number of women who are involved in sex trafficking has decreased each year.

Question 43

Polygamy is practiced in some parts of the world, such as Africa and Saudi Arabia. Monogamy is the dominant form of marital relations in the United States. Many people believe that polygamy and monogamy are deviant practices because they are not using:

A) cultural diffusion
B) the sociological imagination
C) resourcefulness
D) the sociological vision

Question 44

There is a division in sociology between those who advocate for a _____ approach to social problems and those who advocate for a _____ approach.

A) public; private
B) pure science; social reform
C) statistical; narrative
D) personal; community

Question 45

A(n) ______________________ might study a society's cultural aspects, such as looking at a specific tribe and its practices-what they eat, how they organize families, how they use resources-in detail.

A) psychologist
B) anthropologist
C) geographer
D) political scientist

Question 46

Today, more people communicate via e-mail than in person. This is an example of the changing ________________________ that are taking place.

A) social processes
B) procedures
C) cognitive processes
D) All of the above

Question 47

Many companies outside of the United States, such as those in China, manufacture goods that are shipped to American companies. Americans then purchase these goods and use them for various purposes. This is an example of:

A) cultural lag
B) globalization
C) consumption
D) diffusion

Question 48

Often times, when people visit doctors' offices, there are pictures on the wall meant to have a "calming" effect on the patients. Patients view the pictures and feel more comfortable about the visit because they may imagine they are visiting one of the places in the pictures. This is an example of:

A) the butterfly effect
B) the social construction of reality
C) the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
D) the sociological imagination

Question 49

There is a continuum that runs from the most microscopic of social phenomena to the most macroscopic of social realities, with phenomena at roughly the midpoint of this continuum best thought of as _____ realities.

A) intermediate
B) in-between
C) halfway
D) meso

Question 50

Sociology focuses on the ways in which the social world is continually changing.

Question 51

How is sociology different from commonsense understandings of the social world?

A) Sociology is intentional and common sense is not
B) Sociology is systematic and rigorous; common sense is not
C) Sociology requires sampling large portions of the population
D) Sociology focuses only on questions of scientific relevance

Question 52

In the transition to an information economy, more people of both genders perform labor for free.

Question 53

______________ invented the term sociology.

A) Émile Durkheim
B) Auguste Comte
C) Jane Addams
D) Friederich Engels

Question 54

Every society has a certain ________________ which dictates how that society's institutions are organized and which roles need to be filled within those organizations.

A) organizational structure
B) social structure
C) governing body
D) social construction

Question 55

Human trafficking benefits from globalization but is illegal worldwide.

Question 56

Bullfighting is a popular sport in Spain: however, many Americans think of bullfighting in a negative light due to the brutality of the sport. However, if these Americans looked at bullfighting from the perspective of the Spaniards, they would understand that this is part of their culture and is a tradition. They would be using their:

A) cultural resourcefulness
B) intellectual reasoning
C) sociological imagination
D) None of the above

Question 57

Advertisers of various products are constantly trying to understand how people utilize their product and influence the tastes of individuals who will perpetuate their products as "cool." This is an example of:

A) the sociological imagination
B) the social construction of reality
C) the dramaturgical effect
D) the sociological effect of reality

Question 58

Sports teams and governmental hierarchies are two examples of _________________________.

A) social classes
B) social structures
C) social systems
D) social organizations

Question 59

In the global age, borders between European countries increased, while borders between countries in other parts of the world relaxed.

Question 60

There are negative types of globalization, such as terrorism and sex trafficking.

Question 61

Many people now consider work and production less important than consumption.

Question 62

Sociology is one of the humanities, such as history and communication.

Question 63

Consider the issue of student debt in the current educational environment in the lens of "the sociological imagination." How might you use the sociological imagination to understand different aspects of the increase in student loan debt in the twenty-first century? First, describe what it means to use a sociological imagination; then apply this to the student debt crisis.

Question 64

An example of mediated interaction would be communicating over the Internet in a chat room.

Question 65

Concepts from sociology's early days continue to be applicable and still are applied to social issues by contemporary sociologists.

Question 66

Macroanalysis involves focusing on the influence of groups and organizations.

Question 67

The social science fields differ from one another, but sociology is the field that gives the broadest possible view of society and its interrelationships.

Question 68

Despite the recession, excessive consumption has continued at a steady pace, making it unlikely that we will soon enter a "postconsumption age."

Question 69

Explain the concept of McDonaldization. Why is it called "McDonaldization"? What are the four characteristics that define this process? Describe concretely how each of the four characteristics worked in fast food.

Question 70

The sociological imagination can help people make the connection between public issues and private troubles.

Question 71

Sociologists who engage in pure science believe sociology should be studied in order to change society for the better.

Question 72

Auguste Comte wrote a book that discusses the dynamics of the power elite.

Question 73

Select one of two social issues-gay marriage or legalization of marijuana. Indicate your selection in your answer. Explain the types of questions a sociologist would ask to explore the micro and macro levels of analysis.

Question 74

U.S. consumption greatly increased at the end of the twentieth century, but since the recession, there are some indications that we may be entering a postconsumption age. What types of benefits and problems does a postconsumption age raise for U.S. society? Offer at least one specific example of something that would improve or decline as a result of lowered consumption.

Question 75

In his text, George Ritzer defines globalization as an increased flow of people, products, and processes around the world. Consider the way that globalization affects your experience of college education. Describe how one product or process has changed the experience of college education for you through the effects of globalization. Give concrete factors describing why the product or process you describe is part of globalization.

Question 76

Describe the differences and similarities between the two purposes of sociology: pure science and social reform. Do you believe that sociology should focus more on pure science or social reform? Explain your stance.

Question 77

Sociologists do not engage in social reform; the job of the sociologist is only to engage in "pure science" research.