Deck 10: Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

A classic argument in sociology is "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences." The text author uses this to demonstrate that:

A) majority groups cannot think of themselves as minority groups
B) minority groups often suffer from stereotype threats
C) even though majority and minority statuses are socially constructed, they are treated as "objective"
D) people rarely change their attitudes about race

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following were legal names assigned to people with mixed blood ancestry?

A) quadroon
B) octoroon
C) mulatto
D) pastiche

Answer 2

A, B, C

Question 3

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, folk ideas about race were supplemented with _____________ justifications for treating people of other races differently.

A) realistic
B) irrational
C) legal
D) scientific

Answer 3

D

Question 4

George Mendel's work on genetics and heredity during the nineteenth century led to the idea that:

A) races could not be distinguished from one another on the basis of genetic makeup
B) race was related to the melanin levels in skin based on sun exposure
C) races could be distinguished from one another on the basis of genetic makeup
D) aside from skin tone, people were the same physiologically, with the same number of genes

Question 5

The lines between racial and ethnic groups are:

A) separated by nature and nurture
B) very obvious
C) vague and unclear
D) historically defined

Question 6

When Latinos and blacks are portrayed in violent video games as criminals and members of gangs, this is an example of _________________:

A) stereotypes
B) mental representations
C) internal representations
D) pigeonholes

Question 7

Because oppression and subordination are associated with minority racial and ethnic categories, some individuals go to lengths to identify with the dominant group. Which of these are named in the text as ways that individuals attempt to assimilate?

A) Learning the dominant language
B) Changing one's name to one that sounds more like a member of the dominant group
C) Undergoing cosmetic surgery
D) Changing the looks of one's hair to look like the dominant group

Question 8

How old is the concept of race?

A) It is a twentieth-century phenomenon
B) It began around the Renaissance
C) It goes back to ancient history
D) Race is biological, so it has always been a category of importance

Question 9

President Barack Obama is typically referred to as black or African American, not "half-black" or "half African American," even though he had one white parent and one black parent and was raised by his white mother and white grandparents. The text argues that this is a legacy of:

A) racism
B) the hypodescent rule
C) social Darwinism
D) eugenics

Question 10

When a minority group is defined as a race and then negative characteristics are attributed to that group, it is called:

A) ethnocentric
B) racialism
C) racicsm
D) racial profiling

Question 11

African Americans and Asians are defined primarily as a(n):

A) ethnic group
B) racial group
C) cultural group
D) social group

Question 12

______________ is based on some real or presumed physical or biological characteristic, such as skin or hair color.

A) Ethnicity
B) Race
C) Culture

Question 13

____________ is defined on the basis of some real or presumed cultural characteristic, such as language or religion.

A) Ethnicity
B) Culture
C) Race
D) Biological heritage

Question 14

The hypodescent rule is a legacy of racial relations in America because it interpreted race as:

A) anyone with one black ancestor is considered black
B) anyone with at least two white grandparents is considered white
C) anyone who married a black person would be considered black in the eyes of the law
D) anyone whose skin tone was "hypodescent" or darker than a shade specified in the law, was considered black regardless of parentage

Question 15

According to the science of race, how many races are there?

A) 1,740 specific races
B) 4 major races
C) 30 races
D) Since race is a socially constructed category, there is not a scientifically specific answer that is correct

Question 16

The minority group is in a subordinate position in terms of wealth, power, and prestige, while a majority group is in the dominant position on those dimensions. This definition of group categories comes from sociologist:

A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Herbert Spencer

Question 17

The name of the movement that notoriously argued for genetic improvements to the human population through scientific manipulation is:

A) eugenics
B) social Darwinism
C) phrenology
D) the Human Genome Project

Question 18

_________________ refers to the belief that racial differences were the result of evolutionary differences among the races.

A) Cultural heritage
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Racial hypothesis
D) Social Darwinism

Question 19

While historical explanations of race favored __________ explanations, contemporary explanations of race tend to base explanations on ___________.

A) pseudoscientific; cultural factors
B) geographic; genetic factors
C) legal; social and cultural factors
D) scientific; genetic

Question 20

John is very proud of his Italian and French background. Therefore, it can be said that John is very proud of his ___________________.

A) racial background
B) interpersonal background
C) ethnicity
D) social heritage

Question 21

According to your text, who is MOST likely to rely on Social Security benefits?

A) White men over the age of 65
B) Black women over the age of 65
C) Asian men over the age of 65
D) Hispanic women over the age of 75

Question 22

White consumption of black culture in the United States has historically been:

A) broad and general
B) highly selective
C) not done at all
D) punishable by law

Question 23

Many schools and employers have instituted a policy of ____________________, which attempts to offset institutional racism by taking race and other minority group factors into consideration when making decisions.

A) intersectionality
B) affirmatory action
C) hegemony
D) affirmative action

Question 24

Perhaps ironically, more recent Hispanic immigrants often perform better in school than those who have been here longer. This is called:

A) the immigrant advantage
B) immigrant motivation
C) immigrant paradox
D) first-generation pressure

Question 25

Prejudice is a(n) _______________, whereas discrimination is a(n) ______________.

A) action; attitude
B) process; belief
C) activity; action
D) attitude; action

Question 26

Mike, who is white, is upset because he got passed over for a promotion by a fellow employee, who is Latino, named Joe. He proceeds to write hateful e-mails about Joe to his fellow coworkers. Mike's actions can be categorized as being driven by a ______________________ motive.

A) political-territorial
B) bigotry
C) ideological
D) criminal-materialist

Question 27

Which of the statements is FALSE in regard to prejudice and discrimination?

A) One can't discriminate without holding prejudicial attitudes.
B) One can be prejudicial and not discriminate against others.
C) Prejudice and discrimination don't always go hand in hand.
D) One can discriminate and not be prejudicial.

Question 28

When a set of ideas that reflects the point of view of a white person is accepted as the taken for granted understanding of how to interpret culture, it is referred to as:

A) white privilege
B) white racial frame
C) xenophobia
D) institutional racism

Question 29

___________________ is the idea that members of a minority group are affected by the nature of their position in other systems or forms of social inequality.

A) Multiracialism
B) Pluralism
C) Intersectionality
D) Hegemony

Question 30

Recently, a black family moved into an all-white neighborhood. The whites who lived in the neighborhood wanted the black family to leave so they began to harass them on a daily basis. This is an example of ______________________ motive.

A) ideological
B) bigotry
C) political-territorial
D) emotional

Question 31

When immigrants come to the United States, many of them feel compelled to give up their native language in order to learn English. This is an example of ______________________.

A) segregation
B) genocide
C) assimilation
D) pluralism

Question 32

Recently, members of a gang decided to write negative racial slurs all over a rival gang's territory just for the fun of it. This is an example of which racial motive?

A) Emotional motive
B) Bigotry motive
C) Ideological motive
D) Political-territorial motive

Question 33

According to your text, an example of racialized marketing is:

A) alcohol
B) automobiles
C) menthol cigarettes
D) ethnic foods

Question 34

Many tourists are attracted to attend a luau when they visit Hawaii. This is an example of:

A) intersectionality
B) xenophobia
C) commercialization of ethnicity
D) assimilation

Question 35

When majority group members who occupy lower levels in the hierarchy sense that their superiors expect them to behave in a racist manner, they are operating from a:

A) group norm motive
B) structural motive
C) bigotry motive
D) ideological motive

Question 36

Research indicates that prejudice and racism at the individual level _________________.

A) has been steadily increasing
B) has remained the same in recent decades
C) has been decreasing
D) can't be documented because it's hard to detect

Question 37

When hospitals give preferential treatment to whites as opposed to members of minority groups, this is referred to as:

A) prejudicial bias
B) individual bias
C) institutional discrimination
D) individual discrimination

Question 38

Many American tourists who visit Mexico experience many vendors who try to sell items that are found only within the Mexican culture. This is an example of:

A) the commercialization of racial groups
B) intersectionality
C) the commercialization of ethnicity
D) rational ideology

Question 39

Which of these are included as factors related to lower educational attainment for black students?

A) The likelihood of growing up with siblings who did not go to college
B) The likelihood of growing up in a single-parent household
C) Black students often disengage in school due to an oppositional peer culture
D) Black students are likely to be at a poorer public schools with a majority of black students

Question 40

Mary is a waitress who refuses to wait on black customers. This is an example of:

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) intersectionality
D) stereotyping

Question 41

People who are French would be considered an ethnic group.

Question 42

Which statement regarding individual and institutional discrimination is true?

A) Individual discrimination is always linked to prejudicial attitudes
B) Individual discrimination is more difficult to detect then institutional discrimination
C) Institutional discrimination occurs between two individuals
D) Institutional discrimination is harder to detect compared to individual discrimination

Question 43

Prejudice is an attitude and discrimination is an action.

Question 44

John believes that people who have a Latino background are lazy. This would be referred to as discrimination.

Question 45

A racial group is defined primarily by physical characteristics, whereas an ethnic group is defined primarily by cultural characteristics.

Question 46

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between ethnic identity and globalization is true?

A) Ethnic identities are very fragile
B) Globalization is a force in the creation and proliferation of ethnic identity
C) Ethnic identity and globalization are part of the same modern process
D) Ethnicity usually becomes part of a person's core identity

Question 47

New Mexico and Texas are two states which have a majority-minority population.

Question 48

A stereotype is a generalization about an entire category of people.

Question 49

Philadelphia is a city where many religions are practiced and many different types of languages are spoken. This is an example of segregation.

Question 50

Racism involves defining a majority group as a race and attributing negative characteristics to that group.

Question 51

Joe decides to spray paint racial slurs on his neighbor's car because he believes it is fun and enjoyable to do so. This is example of a criminal-materialist motive.

Question 52

Neo-Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan are examples of __________________.

A) xenophobic groups
B) hate groups
C) racial groups
D) hegemonic groups

Question 53

Women would be categorized as a minority group, whereas men would be categorized as a majority group.

Question 54

A racial group is defined primary by cultural characteristics.

Question 55

The Holocaust is an example of ___________________.
a.
assimilation
b.
genocide
c.
amalgamation
d.
segregation

Question 56

An example of assimilation would be Asian immigrants who come to the United States and give up their cultural traditions.

Question 57

The one drop rule or one black ancestor rule is also known as the hyperdescent rule.

Question 58

________________ refers to the dispersal, typically involuntary, of a racial or ethnic population from its traditional homeland and over a wide geographic area.

A) Assimilation
B) Genocide
C) Segregation
D) Diaspora

Question 59

___________________ refers to the establishment by the dominant group of policies that allow or require the forcible removal of people of another ethnic group.

A) Assimilation
B) Genocide
C) Ethnic cleansing
D) Pluralism

Question 60

An example of genocide occurred when American Indians were killed in large numbers by the white settlers in the period of westward expansion.

Question 61

Discuss institutional racism and provide an example (the example can be hypothetical). Differentiate individual racism from institutional racism. Can institutional racism happen when an individual is not racist?

Question 62

Differentiate between race and ethnicity and give two examples of each type of group.

Question 63

Diaspora refers to the dispersal, typically involuntary, of a racial or ethnic group from its traditional homeland.

Question 64

Hitler was an example of someone who used ideological motives to sway the German people that the Jewish population was inferior to the Aryan race.

Question 65

A bank has a history of giving low-interest loans to whites and charging high-interest loans to minority groups. This is an example of individual racism.

Question 66

Define a majority and a minority group. Give an example of each type of group.

Question 67

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? Give an example of each. Can a person be prejudicial without being discriminatory? Explain your answer. Can a person be discriminatory without being prejudicial? Explain your answer.

Question 68

In this essay, discuss the factors that affect blacks and Hispanics when it comes to educational attainment. What are some of the relationships between educational attainment and other life factors that might help to explain lower levels of educational attainment? How does lower educational attainment in turn affect other outcomes?

Question 69

Institutional discrimination is harder to detect when compared to individual discrimination.

Question 70

Today, genocide is no longer being practiced within nation-states.

Question 71

Institutional discrimination can be found within the educational and health care systems.

Question 72

Ethnic cleansing is defined as the establishment by the minority group of policies that allow or require the forcible removal of people of another racial group.