Deck 4: Physical Changes

Question 1

Behavioral controls fo incontinence Behavioral controls for helping individuals cope with incontinence include engaging in which type of measures?

A)Pelvic muscle training
B)Use of adult diapers
C)Urinating only when necessary
D)Increasing fluid intake

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Loss of bone mineral content in thigh example A man is worried about the possibility that his 83-year-old wife might fall and break her one of the bones in her ___________,which is one of the most susceptible in the body to loss of mineral content:

A)upper thigh
B)lower spine
C)upper arm
D)middle finger

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Loss of aerobic capacity Normal changes in the cardiovascular system with age in adulthood are reflected in a lowering of which measure?

A)Aerobic capacity
B)Low density lipoproteins
C)Left ventricular thickness
D)Blood pressure

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Androgenica alopecia - choice When older individuals experience the condition known as ____________________,they are likely to show pattern baldness.

A)androgenetic alopecia
B)geriatric melanitis
C)premature photogenia
D)progressive ontogenia

Question 5

Sunscreen and UV rays Sunscreen protects you from which harmful rays?

A)gamma
B)magnetic
C)ultraviolet
D)delta

Question 6

Best dietary approach The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:

A)take laxatives and other digestive aids on a regular basis.
B)add higher levels of saturated fats to their diets.
C)eat a diet that includes a relative balance among nutrients.
D)add more salt to the diet to increase salivary flow.

Question 7

Sarcopenia definition- stem Sarcopenia is associated with age-related changes in the___________:

A)bones.
B)lungs.
C)muscles.
D)kidneys.

Question 8

Flexibility training benefits example An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees,shoulders,and wrists.If you were her physical therapist,you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in:

A)strenuous exercise.
B)intake of sodium.
C)rest and relaxation.
D)flexibility training.

Question 9

Recommended working postures The U.S.Occupational Safety and Health Administration advises that a good working position at a computer involves:

A)feet to be slightly elevated above the floor.
B)wrists and hands to be slightly bent downward.
C)head and neck to lean slightly backward
D)upper arms and elbows to be close to the body.

Question 10

High density lipoproteins- choice Maintaining healthy cardiovascular functioning throughout your life means that you try to maximize which component in the blood?

A)low-density lipoprotein
B)hypothalamic-releasing factors
C)high-density lipoprotein
D)glomerular filtrates

Question 11

Loss of muscle mass example Barb

A)loss of muscle mass
B)relative increase in cartilage
C)decrease in collagen
D)reductions in glucose
E)Dahl is a 72-year-old woman who is pleased that for the first time in her life she has finally been able to shed excess pounds without having to diet.In reality,however,Barb's weight loss is probably not so good because it is due to:

Question 12

Nephron concept- stem The nephron is the cell responsible for the efficiency of which organ in the body?

A)Pancreas
B)Kidney
C)Lung
D)Liver

Question 13

Aging and alveoli One of the primary causes of aging of the respiratory system involves changes in the air sacs known as the:

A)diaphragms.
B)nephrons.
C)alveoli.
D)creatinines.

Question 14

BMI values A BMI in the range of 25-29.9 places the individual in the category of:

A)normal.
B)overweight.
C)obese.
D)extreme obesity.

Question 15

Immune senescence- choice A natural shrinking with age of the thymus gland contributes to the process known as:

A)glucocorticoid cascade.
B)immune senescence.
C)adrenal insufficiency.
D)pulmonary deficiency.

Question 16

Prostate enlargement The normal enlargement of the ___________ gland in men may cause difficulties with urination and pain.

A)nephron
B)pituitary
C)prostate
D)thyroid

Question 17

Sarcopenia example- stem A 79-year-old woman's exercise routine includes resistance training three times a week for an hour alternating with one-hour workouts on an elliptical machine.As a result,she will experience less of which particular age-related change in physical functioning?

A)tinnitus
B)presbycusis
C)cross-linking
D)sarcopenia

Question 18

Overactive bladder In the condition known as ______________,the individual has difficulty controlling urination and feels the need to urinate more frequently than normal.

A)urge incontinence
B)overactive bladder
C)stress incontinence
D)nephron dysfunction

Question 19

Collagen- choice Changes with age in the dermis layer of the skin are associated with age-related alterations in which protein,also found in connective tissue throughout the body?

A)melanin
B)collagen
C)insulin
D)elastin

Question 20

Sarcopenia and exercise Extensive research on exercise involving weight lifting and resistance training shows that these forms of exercise help to offset which normal age-related change in the muscles?

A)Somatopause.
B)Dysthermia.
C)Adrenopause.
D)Sarcopenia.

Question 21

Circadian rhythms and aging Research shows that the minority of older adults fall into which category of circadian rhythms?

A)Definitely evening.
B)Mostly morning.
C)Somewhat mid-afternoon.
D)Definitely morning.

Question 22

Somatopause of aging- stem The somatopause of aging involves changes in which hormones?

A)Hypothalamus-releasing factors
B)Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor
C)Cortisol-releasing factors
D)Basal metabolic hormone

Question 23

Neuronal fallout model Researchers who study the aging of the central nervous system contrast the view that growth is always possible with the model stating that aging causes inevitable degeneration,known as the:

A)neuronal fallout model.
B)glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis.
C)mechanical slowing proposal.
D)prosthetic decline theory.

Question 24

Plasticity in nervous system- stem The concept of plasticity in the nervous system refers to the fact that:

A)aging involves continued loss of synapses without replacement.
B)mental and physical exercise can offset age-related changes.
C)older adults experience more changes in the right than left hemisphere.
D)exposure to harsh toxins accelerates age-related losses.

Question 25

Presbyopia- choice Normal age-related changes in the lens of the eye results in which condition that afflicts all older adults?

A)presbyopia
B)glaucoma
C)tinnitus
D)dysthermia

Question 26

Melatonin side effects Melatonin supplements,occasionally used by older adults to offset changes with age,may have unwanted effects such as:

A)indigestion.
B)slower metabolic rate.
C)lowered blood pressure.
D)drowsiness.

Question 27

Cataract cause Which of the following is a documented risk factor for developing cataracts?

A)Listening to loud music.
B)Cigarette smoking.
C)Looking at bright colored pictures.
D)Reading small print in the dark.

Question 28

Thyroid hormones and BMR The basal metabolic rate (BMR)is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?

A)melatonin
B)androgen
C)thyroid
D)growth factor

Question 29

Cortisol and hippocampus Increases in cortisol with age are thought to have negative effects on which of the body's organs?

A)prostate
B)hippocampus
C)thymus
D)pineal gland

Question 30

Menopause symptoms Women experiencing the menopause may encounter which of the following physiological symptoms?

A)Thicker bone density
B)Lowered LDL levels
C)Increases in testosterone
D)High blood pressure

Question 31

White matter hyperintensities- choice Brain scans show that older adults have more of these abnormalities in the brain consisting of clumps of dying neurons known as:

A)myelin sheath extensions (MSE)
B)white matter hyperintensities (WMH)
C)nerve ending fractures (NEF)
D)anterograde degenerative structures (ADS)

Question 32

Prefrontal cortex A number of studies relate age-related changes in the ____________ and decreases in planning and ability to encode information in long-term memory.

A)brain stem
B)hypothalamus
C)occipital lobe
D)prefrontal cortex

Question 33

Age-related macular degeneration- choice Central vision is affected but peripheral vision is maintained in which cause of blindness in later life?

A)Age-related presbycusis
B)Glaucoma
C)Age-related macular degeneration
D)Cataract

Question 34

Hippocampus and memory Age-related changes in the hippocampus are associated with loss of functioning in the area of:

A)balance.
B)sleep.
C)memory.
D)vision.

Question 35

Sleep apnea- stem In the condition known as sleep apnea,the older adult experiences which symptoms during the night?

A)Constant leg movements.
B)Frequent need to urinate.
C)Restricted airflow in the throat.
D)Disturbing nightmares.

Question 36

Heat-related deaths example The main reason that older adults are more likely to die during extreme periods of cold weather is that:

A)they cannot maintain their core body temperature.
B)their sweat glands function less effectively.
C)they lack the ability to sense the outside temperature.
D)their skin is more sensitive to temperature extremes.

Question 37

Adrenopause- stem The adrenopause observed in older adults reflects age-related changes in which hormone?

A)DHEA
B)cortisol
C)IGF-1
D)insulin

Question 38

Presbyopia- choice Middle-aged and older adults wear bifocals to correct for which age-related change in the eyes?

A)presbycusis
B)cataracts
C)anosmia
D)presbyopia

Question 39

HAROLD model In the model of aging known as ____________,changes with age in the brain occur in which older adults can activate the hemisphere opposite to the one usually used in a task.

A)PASA
B)HRT
C)EEG
D)HAROLD

Question 40

Andropause- choice Changes in the male sex hormone testosterone are referred to as:

A)testosteropause.
B)andropause.
C)adrenopause.
D)perimenopause.

Question 41

Tai Chi to maintain balance Research has shown that the regular practice of _________ can help reduce an older person's risk of falling.

A)hypnosis
B)acupuncture
C)Tai Chi.
D)meditation.

Question 42

Fall prevention Gerontologists recommend that older adults at risk of falling receive which type of intervention?

A)reduce the fear of falling
B)restrict them to one-floor dwellings
C)eliminate exercise from their daily routines
D)lower their sense of self-efficacy

Question 43

Presbycusis- stem Presbycusis seems to have the greatest effect on hearing sounds that are:

A)low in pitch.
B)low in frequency.
C)high in decibels.
D)high in pitch.

Question 44

Olfactory changes and toxins Research on the olfactory sensation in older adults suggests strongly that one of the most important causes is:

A)loss of chemical receptors.
B)exposure to environmental toxins.
C)genetic predisposition.
D)increases in mucus membranes in the nose.

Question 45

Touch sensitivity changes Which parts of the body seem to undergo the greatest losses in touch sensitivity?

A)Lower back and thighs.
B)Lips and tongue.
C)Shoulders and arms.
D)Hands and feet.

Question 46

Effect of smoking on smell and taste sensitivity Older adults with a history of ___________ are more likely than others to experience loss of smell and taste sensitivity.

A)extreme exercise
B)sleep disorders
C)glucose intolerance
D)cigarette smoking

Question 47

Presbycusis and noise Experts worry that future generations of older adults will experience more age-related hearing loss due to which preventable behavior?

A)failure to engage in aerobic exercise.
B)overuse of earphones in portable listening devices.
C)workplace exposure to industrial noise.
D)thinning of the atmosphere's ozone layer.

Question 48

Pain and cognitive performance According to a large study conducted in the U.K.,older adults who suffer from chronic back pain also have a higher rate of:

A)cataract formation.
B)dizziness and vertigo.
C)cognitive symptoms.
D)olfactory impairment.

Question 49

Glaucoma- choice A build-up of pressure within the eyeball is involved in which form of blindness that affects older adults?

A)cataract
B)presbycusis
C)foveal degeneration
D)glaucoma

Question 50

Presbycusis compensaion One way you can communicate more effectively with older adults who suffer from hearing loss is to:

A)speak as loud as possible.
B)talk to them as you would to children.
C)use as little body language as possible.
D)reduce interference from outside noise.