Deck 28: phytochemicals

Question 1

Current research suggests that the health benefits of phytochemicals come only in supplement form.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Because they are not nutrients, high intakes of phytochemical supplements are not harmful.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

No RDA can be set for phytoestrogens at this point because

A) science has not yet substantiated the claims of benefit.
B) they encourage the production of endogenous estrogens.
C) they compete with flavonoids to promote cancer cell growth.
D) they appear to reduce some forms of cancer while promoting the development of others.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Peanut butter is a rich source of

A) lycopene.
B) resveratrol.
C) lutein.
D) curcumin.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Phytochemicals are nutrients necessary for sustaining health and life.
B) Phytochemicals protect plants from insects and microbes.
C) Phytochemicals have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cataracts.
D) Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants.

Question 6

Phytoestrogens are found in

A) garlic, leeks and onions.
B) soy milk, tofu and flaxseed.
C) berries, black and green tea and chocolate
D) coffee beans, potatoes and mustard.

Question 7

Antioxidants neutralize

A) phytochemicals.
B) free radicals.
C) vitamins.
D) acids.

Question 8

Initial information regarding the importance of phytochemicals in our diet came from large-scale ________ studies.

A) epidemiological
B) biochemical
C) cellular
D) animal

Question 9

There is no RDA for phytochemicals because

A) their effect in the body is dependent upon their interactions with each other and other nutrients.
B) there has not been enough research on individual phytochemicals to reach any conclusions.
C) there are no negative effects associated with high levels of antioxidants.
D) phytochemicals are associated with micronutrients that already have established RDAs.

Question 10

Carotenoids are found in

A) berries, black and green tea and chocolate.
B) coffee beans, potatoes and mustard.
C) carrots, cantaloupe and sweet potatoes.
D) garlic, leeks and onions.

Question 11

A basic principle of toxicology is that

A) all supplements originated as naturally occurring compounds.
B) any compound can be toxic if the dose is high enough.
C) if something is good for you then more is better.
D) Small amounts of any compound are well tolerated by the body.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a health-promoting function associated with a high intake of plant-based foods?

A) reduction in inflammation that is linked to the development of heart disease
B) slowing of tumor cell growth in the development of cancer
C) decrease in bone loss associated with the osteoporosis
D) enhanced immune function to protect against infection

Question 13

Which of the following sources of phytochemicals is thought to be the MOST beneficial to human health?

A) supplements
B) whole foods
C) functional foods
D) processed foods

Question 14

Cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts and certain neurologic disorders are categorized as

A) metabolic diseases.
B) psychological diseases.
C) diseases of the first-world.
D) diseases of aging.

Question 15

Phytochemicals are

A) micronutrients.
B) macronutrients.
C) found only in plants.
D) found only in animals.

Question 16

Research has found that the health-promoting properties of phytochemicals are primarily due to their antioxidant activity.

Question 17

The risk for macular degeneration and other age-related eye-diseases can be reduced through the consumption of

A) carotenoids.
B) flavonoids.
C) phenolic acids.
D) organosulphur compounds.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the consumption of foods containing phytochemicals?

A) They increase the risk of diseases of aging.
B) They reduce the risk of cancer.
C) They increase the rates of infection.
D) They increase the rates of blood clotting.

Question 19

An RDA for phytochemicals has not been established.

Question 20

Epidemiological studies cannot identify cause-and-effect relationships between food intake and disease.

Question 21

The reason that phytochemicals are found naturally in plant foods is to increase their nutrient content.

Question 22

Intense exercise can be a source of free radicals.

Question 23

Spinach and sweet potatoes are rich sources of phytochemicals.

Question 24

Phytochemicals help protect against the development of certain cancers by instructing the cancer cells to die.

Question 25

The majority of the research demonstrating the relationship between a reduced disease risk and a high intake of plant food comes from large epidemiological studies.