Deck 16: Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

Question 1

The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is

A)interdependence.
B)associative living.
C)colonialism.
D)symbiosis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the figure,green alga resulted from and Euglena resulted from _ .

A)both primary and secondary endosymbiosis ...secondary endosymbiosis only
B)primary endosymbiosis ...primary endosymbiosis
C)secondary endosymbiosis only ...primary endosymbiosis
D)primary endosymbiosis ...both primary and secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Many species of which protist group have modified mitochondria that lack functional electron transport chains?

A)excavates
B)unikonts
C)rhizarians
D)ciliates

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following organisms are common soil decomposers that grow in colonies of branched chains of cells that superficially resembles a fungus?

A)yeasts
B)halobacteria
C)actinomycetes
D)cocci

Question 5

Plasmodium,the organism that causes malaria,is a(n)

A)amoeba.
B)ciliate.
C)stramenopile.
D)chromalveolate.

Question 6

Plasmodial slime molds

A)are photoautotrophic.
B)are primitive fungi.
C)contain many nuclei in one mass of cytoplasm.
D)are marine decomposers.

Question 7

Which stage of the life cycle shown is the sporophyte?

A)stage A
B)stage B
C)stage C
D)stage D

Question 8

Which of the following groups include organisms that are a key source of food in all aquatic environments and whose fossilized forms are used as a filter and as a grinding and polishing agent?

A)dinoflagellates
B)diatoms
C)amoebas
D)brown algae

Question 9

Rod- shaped bacteria are called

A)bacilli.
B)spirochetes.
C)cocci.
D)vibrios.

Question 10

Dinoflagellates are best described as

A)large,multicellular algae that resemble plants but do not have true leaves,stems,or roots.
B)marine and freshwater algae that can produce harmful red tides.
C)parasitic protozoans that must spend part of their life cycles in vertebrate hosts.
D)protozoans that use cilia to move and feed.

Question 11

The trickling filter at a sewage treatment plant works by

A)passing wastewater through a thick bed of rocks.Biofilms of bacteria and fungi on the rocks remove much of the organic material dissolved in the wastewater.
B)adding fertilizer to wastewater and passing it through a culture medium rich in oil- eating prokaryotes.
C)passing wastewater through fine sand,mechanically removing fine pollution particles.
D)passing wastewater through a thick bed of rocks that contain chemicals that sterilize the water and neutralize chemical pollutants or bind with them to produce a harmless precipitate.

Question 12

Which of the following causes food poisoning and typhoid fever?

A)Bacillus anthracis
B)Salmonella
C)Clostridium botulinum
D)E.coli

Question 13

Which of the following cellular structures is characteristic of amoebas?

A)cilia
B)flagella
C)pseudopodia
D)microvilli

Question 14

Which of the following options lists the events of protist evolution in the correct order,according to current science?

A)Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,protozoans were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis.
B)Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,algae were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis.
C)Chloroplasts and then mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,algae were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis.
D)Mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; chloroplasts then evolved through secondary endosymbiosis.

Question 15

Eukaryotes are prokaryotes.

A)more ancient than
B)dependent upon
C)more numerous than
D)more widespread than

Question 16

Which of the following statements about archaea is false?

A)Some archaea live in the digestive tracts of cattle.
B)Some archaea are adapted to extreme environments such as extremely salty or extremely hot habitats.
C)Archaea are abundant in the oceans.
D)Some archaea have mitochondria like those of eukaryotic cells.

Question 17

The use of prokaryotes and other organisms to clean up pollutants from soil,air,or water is called .

A)nitrogen fixation
B)decomposition
C)biocomposting
D)bioremediation

Question 18

There is a good chance you will eat carrageenan today and that you will eat nori at some point in your life,if you haven't already.In either case,you will be eating a product of

A)green algae.
B)brown algae.
C)diatoms.
D)red algae.

Question 19

Prokaryotic cell walls function

A)as a site of metabolic reactions (photosynthesis and cellular respiration).
B)to prevent the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment.
C)to promote flexibility and formation of pseudopodia.
D)to propel cells (locomotion).

Question 20

A slimy layer of bacteria coating a surface is also known as a .

A)tissue
B)plague
C)biofilm
D)bioaggregate

Question 21

are chromalveolates that commonly are found decomposing dead animals in freshwater habitats.

A)Plasmodial slime molds
B)Water molds
C)Cellular slime molds
D)Brown algae

Question 22

Multicellular organisms evolved from three different ancestral lineages: chromalveolates,unikonts,and archaeplastids.Of these,fungi and animals evolved from two different lineages of and land plants are .

A)chromalveolates ...unikonts
B)unikonts ...archaeplastids
C)chromalveolates ...archaeplastids
D)archaeplastids ...unikonts

Question 23

Which of the following is a parasitic excavate that causes African sleeping sickness,a disease spread by the tsetse fly?

A)Trypanosoma
B)Plasmodium
C)Paramecium
D)Amoeba

Question 24

Barry Marshall and his collaborators showed that

A)Helicobacter pylori bacteria are protective against peptic ulcers.
B)Helicobacter pylori bacteria cause chronic gastritis and stomach ulcers.
C)lab animals are easily infected by Helicobacter pylori.
D)lifestyle factors such as stress,diet,and smoking cause chronic gastritis and stomach ulcers.

Question 25

Evidence for the relatively close relationship of archaea to eukaryotes includes

A)the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of both groups.
B)the absence of introns from genes in both groups.
C)the fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerases
D)the fact that both contain circular DNA without histones.

Question 26

The three diseases that represent high- priority threats as biological weapons today are

A)smallpox,influenza,and typhus.
B)syphilis,Chlamydia,and HIV.
C)anthrax,smallpox,and Thiobacillus.
D)anthrax,plague,and botulinum toxin.

Question 27

Individual prokaryote cells are about eukaryote cells; collectively,all prokaryote cells on Earth .

A)one- tenth as big as ...weigh about ten times as much as the total mass of eukaryote cells
B)one- tenth as big as ...weigh about one- tenth the total mass of eukaryote cells
C)the same size as ...weigh about one- tenth the total mass of eukaryote cells
D)ten times bigger than ...weigh about ten times as much as the total mass of eukaryote cells

Question 28

One difference between gram- positive and gram- negative bacteria is

A)gram- positive bacteria are spiral- shaped and gram- negative bacteria are either rod- shaped or spherical.
B)only gram- negative bacteria can form endospores.
C)gram- positive bacteria have more peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
D)gram- positive bacteria have fimbriae but gram- negative bacteria do not.

Question 29

Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from and their energy from .

A)CO2 ...sunlight
B)CO2 ...reactions involving inorganic chemicals
C)organic molecules ...sunlight
D)methane ...sunlight

Question 30

The main ingredient of oil is

A)algae
B)diatoms
C)bacteria
D)dinoflagellates

Question 31

Kelp,a seaweed that is anchored to the seafloor by rootlike structures and can grow to heights of 60 m,is a kind of

A)green alga.
B)water mold.
C)brown alga.
D)diatoms.

Question 32

Which of the following is a member of the domain Archaea?

A)spirochetes
B)methanogens
C)chlamydias
D)gram- positive bacteria

Question 33

You collect a protist from a rotting log and grow it in a petri dish containing E.coli,which it engulfs.For a while the protists multiply as single cells.Then the E.coli run short,and the protists aggregate to form a clump,which rises up to become a stalked structure with a globular head.What kind of protist have you got?

A)a water mold
B)a free- living amoeba
C)a plasmodial slime mold
D)a cellular slime mold

Question 34

are heterotrophic protists; _ are photoautotrophic protists.

A)Protozoans ...algae
B)Protozoans ...plants
C)Parasites ...protozoans
D)Mixotrophs ...protozoans

Question 35

Unlike archaean and eukaryote cell walls,bacterial cell walls contain a unique substance called

A)glycogen.
B)cellulose.
C)phospholipid.
D)peptidoglycan.

Question 36

In what way does the green alga Ulva resemble land plants?

A)It has a complex life cycle with diploid body cells and haploid gametes.
B)It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations.
C)It has a multicellular haploid stage that alternates with a unicellular diploid stage.
D)It produces diploid gametes.

Question 37

The largest group of prokaryotes is the ,which obtain both energy and carbon from .

A)photoautotrophs ...light
B)chemoheterotrophs ...organic molecules
C)chemoautotrophs ...decaying organic material
D)autotrophs ...inorganic molecules

Question 38

Which of the following organisms first introduced oxygen into Earth's atmosphere?

A)green algae
B)cyanobacteria
C)early protozoans
D)plants

Question 39

In secondary endosymbiosis,a(n)became endosymbiotic in a(n)_ .

A)heterotrophic eukaryotic protist ...autotrophic heterotrophic protist
B)autotrophic eukaryotic protist ...heterotrophic eukaryotic protist
C)autotrophic prokaryote ...heterotrophic eukaryotic protist
D)heterotrophic prokaryote ...autotrophic eukaryotic protist

Question 40

Intestinal gas is evidence of active _ in one's digestive tract.

A)halophiles
B)thermophiles
C)yeast cultures
D)methanogens

Question 41

Which of the following groups includes the protists that reside within the cells of corals?

A)diatoms
B)ciliates
C)brown algae
D)dinoflagellates

Question 42

Which two groups of protists produce hard mineralized skeletal structures or cell walls that contribute to marine sediments and form fossils?

A)green algae and brown algae
B)cellular slime molds and water molds
C)dinoflagellates and diatoms
D)foraminiferans and radiolarians

Question 43

A bacterium living in an underground septic tank thrives by absorbing organic compounds from decomposing wastes.What is it?

A)a chemoautotroph
B)a photoheterotroph
C)a chemoheterotroph
D)a photoautotroph

Question 44

Which of the following options correctly pairs a structure with its function in prokaryote cells?

A)endospore = food digestion vacuole
B)capsule = rigid protective structure enclosing cell
C)flagella = feeding appendages
D)fimbriae = help prokaryotes stick to each other and to surfaces

Question 45

According to current scientific thinking,true multicellular organisms

A)descend from several different kinds of unicellular protists,which became multicellular through specialization and cooperation among cells within a colony.
B)cannot be traced to any existing or fossil intermediate stages; thus,there is no current scientific theory for the process that generated multicellular organisms from unicellular ancestors.
C)formed through the fusion of several separate species of unicellular protists,who carried out different complementary functions within the evolving organism.
D)are all descended from a single colonial protist ancestor.

Question 46

An unknown bacterial species is recovered from a sick patient's digestive tract.It has a membrane outside the cell wall that contains toxic lipids.This observation indicates

A)that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics,because the pathogen is a gram- negative species.
B)that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control,because the pathogen is a gram- negative species.
C)that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control,because the pathogen is a gram- positive species.
D)that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics,because the pathogen is a gram- positive species.

Question 47

Prokaryotes are classified into

A)kingdom Bacteria and kingdom Archaea.
B)kingdom Protista and kingdom Bacteria.
C)domain Bacteria and domain Archaea.
D)domain Protista and domain Archaea.

Question 48

are toxic proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria,whereas are toxic components of the outer membrane of gram- negative pathogens.

A)Endotoxins ...phosphotoxins
B)Exotoxins ...enterotoxins
C)Exotoxins ...endotoxins
D)Endotoxins ...botulinum toxins

Question 49

You culture the dried soup from a 4,000- year- old cooking pot found in an Egyptian tomb and obtain a distinctive species of prokaryote.You immerse a test tube of these bacteria in boiling water for several hours,but the colony grows back.This species is probably

A)a spirochete.
B)a cyanobacteria.
C)endospore- forming.
D)halophilic.

Question 50

Cyanobacteria

A)are chemoautotrophs.
B)are eukaryotes and are the earliest type of algae.
C)are photosynthetic archaea.
D)are the only prokaryotes with plantlike oxygen- generating photosynthesis.