Deck 12: Dna Technology and Genomics

Question 1

What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual?

A)DNA outline
B)DNA scrutiny
C)DNA fingerprinting
D)DNA profiling

Answer 1

D

Question 2

are a major source of restriction enzymes.

A)Archaea
B)Chief cells
C)Bacteria
D)Parietal cells

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which step in this process requires use of restriction enzymes?

A)step A
B)step B
C)step C
D)step D

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Genome sequence analysis suggests that Neanderthals

A)could not speak.
B)frequently interbred with humans.
C)are more closely related to chimpanzees than humans.
D)at least sometimes had pale skin and red hair.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about genomics is false?

A)The first complete genome to be sequenced was a prokaryote.
B)DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes.
C)Genes from different species that have analogous sequences suggest similar function.
D)Whole sets of genes and their interactions are studied in the field of genomics.

Question 6

Genomic libraries can be constructed using either bacterial plasmids or what other vector?

A)human chromosomes
B)bacteriophages
C)tRNA
D)ribosomes

Question 7

Golden rice is golden in color because it is rich in

A)vitamin C.
B)chromium picolinate.
C)vitamin A.
D)beta- carotene.

Question 8

In the process of human gene cloning using plasmids,the bacterial plasmid

A)is used to insert the human gene into the bacterial chromosome.
B)functions as a vector.
C)is the source of the gene to be cloned.
D)is cultured inside the human cell,which contains the gene to be cloned.

Question 9

In order for gene therapy to be permanent,

A)the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells.
B)the normal gene must be added to the germ line cells.
C)the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply.
D)the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity.

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of human DNA is noncoding?

A)99.9%
B)49%
C)98.5%
D)79%

Question 11

Which of the following genetically modified organisms has not been developed by genetic engineers (at least,not yet)?

A)Transgenic pig with a roundworm gene that allows them to make more omega- 3 fatty acids
B)Transgenic corn with the gene for human insulin
C)Transgenic rice with genes for milk proteins
D)Transgenic salmon with a growth hormone gene that allows them to grow more quickly

Question 12

The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual,heat- resistant _ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.

A)DNA polymerase molecules
B)restriction enzymes
C)phages
D)plasmids

Question 13

Genetically modifying cells may directly affect future generations.

A)germ
B)T
C)somatic
D)basal

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding repetitive DNA is false?

A)Repetitive DNA can show great variation among individuals.
B)Repetitive DNA is identical in all humans.
C)Repetitive DNA is usually repeated multiple times in the genome.
D)Repetitive DNA is usually found between genes.

Question 15

Approximately what percentage of the human genome is identical to that of a chimpanzee?

A)62.3%
B)98.8%
C)92.0%
D)50.0%

Question 16

Which of the following statements about DNA technology is false?

A)DNA technology is now used to produce vaccines that are harmless mutants of a pathogen.
B)DNA technology is now used to mass- produce human growth hormone.
C)DNA technology is now used to mass- produce human insulin.
D)DNA technology is now used to create cells that can identify and kill cancer cells.

Question 17

Which of the following pieces of evidence would be considered the best for establishing biological relatedness?

A)a very close match in the DNA profile
B)testimony from relatives
C)pictures from family reunions
D)birth certificates

Question 18

The approach to gene cloning employs a mixture of fragments from the entire genome of an organism and results in the production of thousands of different recombinant plasmids.

A)V- protein
B)Ti
C)shotgun
D)AK- 47

Question 19

Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called

A)short terminal repeats.
B)restriction sites.
C)promoter sequences.
D)sticky ends.

Question 20

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein,

A)the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation.
B)the plasmids are inserted into the bacterial chromosome.
C)the bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell containing the desired gene (often the cell of a plant or animal).
D)the plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium.

Question 21

When genetic variation in one nucleotide is found in at least 1% of the population,it is known as

A)short tandem repeats.
B)recombinant DNA.
C)variable DNA.
D)single nucleotide polymorphism.

Question 22

The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to

A)bind to DNA and thereby activate transcription.
B)allow plasmids to attach to the main bacterial chromosome.
C)bind to ribosomes and thereby activate translation.
D)form hydrogen- bonded base pairs with complementary single- stranded stretches of DNA.

Question 23

"Sticky ends" are

A)produced by PCR.
B)always long sequences of a single nucleotide.
C)produced by the action of DNA ligase.
D)DNA fragments with single- stranded ends.

Question 24

The enzyme that converts information stored in their RNA to information stored in DNA is

A)reverse transcriptase.
B)a restriction enzyme.
C)RNA polymerase.
D)DNA ligase.

Question 25

Which step in the creation of cDNA involves the use of reverse transcriptase?

A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4

Question 26

A collection of DNA fragments obtained from the genome of one organism,inserted by recombinant DNA techniques into the genome of a host organism (one fragment per host genome),and maintained there is called a

A)gene bank.
B)genomic library.
C)DNA file.
D)DNA collection.

Question 27

During the process of electrophoresis,the functions like a molecular sieve,separating the samples according to their size.

A)gel
B)sample mixture
C)positively charged electrode
D)negatively charged electrode

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?

A)Telomeres seem to have a structural function.
B)Scientists think that the typical human gene specifies just one polypeptide.
C)Long stretches of repetitive DNA are prominent at centromeres and ends of chromosomes.
D)Current estimates are that there are 20,000 genes in the human genome.

Question 29

Why is the whole- genome shotgun method currently the tool of choice for analyzing genomes?

A)It is very labor- intense.
B)It is extremely accurate.
C)Multiple genomes can be analyzed simultaneously.
D)It is fast and inexpensive.

Question 30

The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that

A)cow,pig,or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than three months.
B)human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow,pig,or horse insulin.
C)using human insulin increases the probability that,in the future,the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin.
D)there are too few cows,pigs,and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin.

Question 31

Restriction enzymes

A)edit proteins.
B)stop transcription.
C)bind together strands of DNA.
D)cut DNA at specific sites.

Question 32

A nucleic acid probe is

A)a virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell.
B)a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene.
C)a plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence.
D)an enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about genome sequencing is false?

A)Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes.
B)The first eukaryotic organism to have its genome sequenced was yeast.
C)The genomes of over 1,000 species have been completely or almost completely sequenced.
D)The genome of a mouse has been sequenced.

Question 34

The type of recombinant bacteria most often used to mass- produce genes is

A)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B)Escherichia coli.
C)Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
D)Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Question 35

If you commit a crime,you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood,hair,or other organic matter from your body.If you do,the DNA in this material can be amplified by ,subjected to genetic analysis,and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime.

A)blotting
B)RFLP
C)reverse transcriptase
D)PCR

Question 36

After DNA fragments with matching sticky ends are temporarily joined by complementary base- pairing,the union can be made permanent by the "pasting" enzyme

A)DNA polymerase.
B)DNA ligase.
C)covalentase.
D)DNA helicase.

Question 37

The production of multiple identical copies of gene- sized pieces of DNA defines

A)clonal selection.
B)tissue culturing.
C)gene cloning.
D)plasmid transformation.

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding proteomics is correct?

A)Proteomics and genomics allow scientists to study life in an ever- increasing reductive approach.
B)Proteomics is the systematic study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome.
C)Proteomics is the study of protein interaction within a cell.
D)Proteomics involves the complete analysis of the prokaryotes.

Question 39

The only recombinant cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are

A)algal cells.
B)yeast cells.
C)E.coli cells.
D)mammalian cells.

Question 40

Segments of eukaryotic DNA that can move or be copied from one site to another in the genome are called

A)exons.
B)transposable elements.
C)vectors.
D)plasmids.

Question 41

A cDNA library differs from a genomic library in that

A)the cDNA was constructed from introns only.
B)cDNA libraries are more stable.
C)cDNA libraries only contain information from genes that have been transcribed.
D)genomic libraries are only stored in bacterial cells.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about nucleic acid probes is false?

A)A nucleic acid probe can be used to find a specific gene.
B)A nucleic acid probe binds to a complementary sequence in the gene of interest.
C)A nucleic acid probe is a double- stranded section of DNA.
D)A nucleic acid probe is usually labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to help identify its location.

Question 43

A vaccine works by

A)preventing the translation of mRNA.
B)stimulating the immune system.
C)inhibiting viral replication.
D)inhibiting bacterial replication.

Question 44

A transgenic animal is

A)an animal that is the first of its kind to bear a particular allele.
B)an animal containing a gene from another organism,typically of another species.
C)an animal in which a genetic defect has been corrected using recombinant DNA therapy.
D)an animal containing genes from three or more species.

Question 45

An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that

A)reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase.
B)the resulting DNA strand will lack introns.
C)the resulting DNA strand will lack exons.
D)reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase.

Question 46

When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA,it is known as

A)cloned DNA.
B)a plasmid.
C)recombinant DNA.
D)a vector.

Question 47

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their

A)solubility in the gel.
B)ability to bind to mRNA.
C)size.
D)nucleotide sequence.

Question 48

What is the smallest number of cells needed to perform a successful DNA profile?

A)1
B)200
C)1,000
D)20

Question 49

Which of the following has not been a significant issue in the creation of genetically modified (GM)organisms?

A)the fact that some plants carrying genes from other species might represent a threat to the environment
B)the fact that GM organisms cannot be modified to prevent them from reproducing once they pass beyond the experimental stage
C)the fact that the protein products of transplanted genes might lead to allergic reactions
D)the fact that rogue microbes might transfer dangerous genes into other organisms

Question 50

The number of proteins in humans

A)is much greater than the number of genes.
B)is approximately equal to the number of genes.
C)cannot be determined because the human genome is too complex.
D)is less than half the number of genes.

Question 51

What is the current standard tool used for DNA profiling by forensic scientists?

A)Gel electrophoresis
B)PCR
C)STR analysis
D)DNA microarrays

Question 52

DNA ligase binds

A)polymerase to the promotor.
B)nucleotides together.
C)an intron to an exon.
D)exons together.

Question 53

The type of repetitive DNA composed of sequences of large repeated units is often associated with

A)transcription factors.
B)diseases of the nervous system.
C)transposable elements.
D)sex- linked genes.