Deck 5: Personality and Values

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the determinants of personality is true?

A) Personality appears to have no determinants.
B) Personality appears to be a result of external factors.
C) Personality appears to be a result of only environmental factors.
D) Personality appears to be a result of only hereditary factors.
E) Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is not included in the Big Five model?

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) intuitiveness
D) emotional stability
E) extroversion

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A high score in which dimension of the Big Five model predicts good job performance for all occupational groups?

A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability
E) openness to experience

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Divina and Shawna are identical twins that were adopted at birth by very different families. Divina grew up in Houston, Texas, and attended a large urban high school. Shawna grew up in a small rural town and attended a high school with fewer than one hundred students. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the two girls?

A) Divina is shy because she was just a number in a crowd. Shawna is outgoing because her school was small.
B) Divina is outgoing because she had to fight to get people to recognize her in a large school. Shawna is shy because she didn't want to stand out.
C) Both Divina and Shawna were highly influenced by their different environments and have very different personalities.
D) Both Divina and Shawna are shy because they share many common personality traits based on their genetic heredity.
E) Both Divina and Shawna are shy because the environments in which they were raised demanded that they be shy to be successful.

Question 5

A book that profiled 13 contemporary business people who created super successful firms including Apple Computer, FedEx, Honda Motors, Microsoft, and Sony found that all 13 were what type of thinkers?

A) perceiving
B) sensing
C) intuitive
D) conscientious
E) feeling

Question 6

Which of the following is the best definition of personality?

A) Personality is an aggregate set of traits that are mostly determined at birth.
B) Personality is an aggregate set of traits that are determined over a person's lifetime.
C) Personality is all the ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
D) Personality is, for the most part, comprised of traits that cannot be measured or defined.
E) Personality is the static organization of how a person reacts to different environments.

Question 7

What is the term used for the degree to which people like or dislike themselves?

A) core self-evaluation
B) authoritarianism
C) locus of control
D) Machiavellianism
E) efficacy

Question 8

If personality characteristics were completely dictated by ________, they would be fixed at birth and no amount of experience could alter them.

A) job satisfaction
B) heredity
C) environment
D) situations
E) religion

Question 9

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "S or N" stand for?

A) sensing/intuitive
B) sensing/thinking
C) emotional stability/intuitive
D) emotional stability/thinking
E) sane/reflective

Question 10

The most common form of measuring personality is through self-report surveys. However, the applicant could easily ________ .

A) change his personality instantly
B) not truly know his personality
C) refuse to take the survey
D) fail the survey, but be the best candidate
E) practice impression management

Question 11

Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) feeling
E) emotional stability

Question 12

Marina loves to visit a new country every year. Her hobbies are visiting museums, painting, traveling, and learning new languages. Which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Marina, according to her hobbies?

A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability

Question 13

You wish to hire a person who is innovative, individualistic, versatile, and entrepreneurial. Candidates for this position would ideally have what classification on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

A) INTJs
B) ESTJs
C) ENTPs
D) ISFPs
E) ESTPs

Question 14

Why are agreeable people usually less successful in their careers?

A) They aren't happy in their lives.
B) They aren't liked by superiors.
C) They don't make many friends.
D) They don't negotiate well.
E) They aren't successful in school.

Question 15

How would someone who is described as an ESTJ on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator best be described?

A) as a visionary
B) as a conceptualizer
C) as an innovator
D) as an organizer
E) as a leader

Question 16

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?

A) extroverted/intuitive
B) emotional/introverted
C) extroverted/introverted
D) emotional/intuitive
E) sane/reflective

Question 17

Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?

A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extroversion
D) feeling
E) emotional stability

Question 18

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?

A) It is very difficult to administer.
B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
C) It does not include enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety of human personality.
D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive personality traits over analytical personality traits.
E) It is very difficult to accurately interpret.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a way in which extroverts excel?

A) They are happier in their jobs and lives.
B) They experience more positive emotions.
C) They are prone to impulsive behavior.
D) They have high interpersonal job performance.
E) They are strong, assertive leaders.

Question 20

All of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator except ________.

A) extroverted/introverted
B) sensing/intuitive
C) perceiving/judging
D) independent/dependent
E) thinking/feeling

Question 21

Which of the following statements about values is true?

A) Values are flexible.
B) Values are synonymous with attitudes.
C) Values tend to be consistent among occupational groups.
D) Values are fairly stable over time.
E) Values change easily when they are called into question.

Question 22

Which of the following terms best describes people who show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs?

A) Type A
B) high self esteem
C) proactive personalities
D) high conscientiousness
E) high Mach

Question 23

Which of the following values would be most likely to be considered a terminal value by Rokeach?

A) ambition
B) broad-mindedness
C) helpfulness
D) a sense of accomplishment
E) self-control

Question 24

What does the content attribute of a value state?

A) that the value is complete
B) that the value is important
C) that the value is strongly or weakly held
D) the behavior associated with that value
E) that the value is not transient

Question 25

A high Mach would be most suited for which of the following positions?

A) a manager who leads a team of geographically distant consultants
B) a human resources manager who ensures staff firings do not place the company in legal jeopardy
C) an ombudsman who investigates consumer complaints and mediates their outcome
D) an auditor who checks that all company accounts are kept properly
E) a real estate broker negotiating in the lease of large amounts of office space

Question 26

Which of the following personality traits is most likely to help achieve career success?

A) proactive
B) high S.E
C) Type A
D) extrovert
E) agreeable

Question 27

Values are important to organizational behavior because they ________.

A) allow the study of alignment of organizational policies
B) lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation
C) form the supporting foundation for the study of ethics
D) are an integral part of culture
E) encourage ethical behavior

Question 28

Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?

A) values
B) attitudes
C) convictions
D) preferences
E) affectual preferences

Question 29

What term is used to describe the personality of an individual who is aggressively involved in an incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time?

A) Type A personality
B) Type B personality
C) proactive personality
D) narcissistic personality
E) high Mach personality

Question 30

Zach gulps his food, is constantly spinning his pen in class, always walks quickly, gets bored with slow intellectual movies, and is annoyed that it's taking four and a half years to graduate from business school. Zach is probably ________.

A) a Type A personality
B) a self-monitoring personality
C) a narcissist
D) A Type B personality
E) a proactive personality

Question 31

Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true?

A) They have a low behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do.
B) They tend to rate their performance much more highly than do outside observers.
C) They tend to pay less attention to the behavior of others than high self-monitors.
D) They usually receive high performance ratings.
E) They tend to thrive in areas that require them to take risks.

Question 32

During an annual review Mitchel made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and has, not surprisingly, won me the admiration and envy of most of my colleagues. I notice that everyone keeps talking about me; they are all just waiting to find out what triumph I will pull off next! In short, I don't just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following is probably the best descriptor of Mitchel's personality?

A) Type A
B) external locus of control
C) high-self monitoring
D) narcissistic
E) high Mach

Question 33

Which of the following statements about people with positive core self-evaluations is true?

A) They set goals which are easily obtainable.
B) They do not attribute positive outcomes to their own actions.
C) They are overconfident.
D) They take responsibility less frequently.
E) They tend to obtain more complex and challenging jobs.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a possible result from hiring Marsha, an applicant with a narcissistic personality?

A) Marsha is likely to be disrespectful and condescending to other coworkers.
B) Marsha is likely to exploit shy and introverted coworkers.
C) Marsha is likely to keep important information to herself.
D) Marsha is likely to be more productive than her coworkers.
E) Marsha is likely to refuse to help coworkers.

Question 35

Which of the following has the highest intrinsic risk-taking propensity?

A) an accountant performing auditing activities
B) a stock trader in a brokerage firm
C) a computer technologist
D) a marketing representative
E) a school crossing guard

Question 36

What personality characteristic centers on whether a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?

A) authoritarianism
B) Machiavellianism
C) Type A personality
D) risk-taking
E) Narcissism

Question 37

Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality?

A) They don't tend to feel a lot of stress.
B) They play for fun and relaxation.
C) They work fast .
D) They are unpredictable.
E) They are generally content with their place in the world.

Question 38

When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value system.

A) intensity
B) content
C) context
D) social acceptance
E) social needs

Question 39

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Type B personality?

A) A Type B does not suffer from a sense of time urgency, with its accompanying impatience.
B) A Type B plays for fun and relaxation.
C) A Type B strives to think or do two or more things at once.
D) A Type B can relax without guilt.
E) A Type B does not need to discuss their achievements.

Question 40

How would you describe an individual who is capable of presenting striking contradictions between who they are in public and who they are privately?

A) low Mach
B) high Mach
C) low self-monitoring
D) high self-monitoring
E) narcissistic

Question 41

Which of the following terminal values are most common among executives?

A) equality, world peace, family security
B) self-respect, family security, freedom
C) mature love, inner harmony, freedom
D) wisdom, salvation, world beauty
E) forgiving, equality, happiness

Question 42

What cohort of workers in the U.S. is most likely to balk at having to work extensive overtime and weekends?

A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists

Question 43

Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?

A) power distance
B) flexibility versus rigidity
C) individualism versus collectivism
D) long-term versus short-term orientation
E) uncertainty avoidance

Question 44

More than other generations, ________ tend to be questioning, socially conscious, and entrepreneurial.

A) Boomers
B) Nexters
C) Traditionalists
D) Veterans
E) Xers

Question 45

In the U.S., employees in what age group value wealth and strive to become rich?

A) 20s
B) 30s
C) 40s
D) 50s
E) 60s

Question 46

The "realistic" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations would be well suited for which of the following jobs?

A) painter
B) accountant
C) mechanic
D) lawyer
E) biologist

Question 47

Each of the six personality types developed in Holland's personality-job fit theory has a ________.

A) supplemental personality style
B) congruent personality style
C) congruent occupational environment
D) supplemental occupational environment
E) supplemental skill set

Question 48

What term is used for those who entered the U.S. work force from the mid-1960s through the mid-1980s?

A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists

Question 49

Patrice has a small company that makes mustard. His local sales are low, and he wants to reach a wider, national clientele by getting on the Web, so he has placed an online ad for a Web designer and master. It is most likely that the majority of the job applicants will be from the ________ generation.

A) millenial
B) boomer
C) Xer
D) veteran
E) traditionalist

Question 50

What is the term used to describe those members of the population whose lives have been shaped by globalization, MTV, AIDS, and computers and who value flexibility, life options, and the achievement of job satisfaction?

A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Hexers

Question 51

What cohort of workers in the U.S. is most loyal to their careers?

A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Millennials

Question 52

The "enterprising" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics?

A) imaginative, disorderly, idealistic
B) shy, genuine, persistent
C) sociable, friendly, cooperative
D) self-confident, ambitious, energetic
E) conforming, efficient, practical,

Question 53

________ developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains 160 occupational titles.

A) Maslow
B) Holland
C) Hofstede
D) Herzberg
E) Surber

Question 54

What is the term used to describe workers who entered the workforce in the 1950s and early 1960s?

A) Boomers
B) Nexters
C) Xers
D) Veterans
E) Millennials

Question 55

You are seeking to fill the position of corporate accountant, and have administered Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire to all candidates. You would suspect that the questionnaire would indicate that the best candidates for the position would have which of the following personality types?

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) investigative
E) social

Question 56

Which of the following researchers produced a comprehensive analysis of variation among cultures?

A) Maslow
B) Hofstede
C) Festinger
D) Skinner
E) Freud

Question 57

The most recent entrants to the U.S. workforce are ________.

A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists

Question 58

Holland's theory of personality-job fit argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where ________.

A) personality and occupation are in agreement
B) an individual is highly motivated
C) salary is high
D) felt emotions are displayed
E) compensation is high

Question 59

Which of the following is a reason that many researchers believe that generational values are invalid?

A) There's too much overlap.
B) The research has been manipulated.
C) The media has glorified the Nexters.
D) The Veteran generation is no longer part of the workforce.
E) There's no valid research on the topic.

Question 60

Which of the following is not an instrumental value?

A) clean
B) wisdom
C) polite
D) loving
E) courageous

Question 61

An impressive body of research supports that five basic personality dimensions underlie all others.

Question 62

High self-monitors tend to pay less attention to the behavior of other people than do low self monitors.

Question 63

Which of Hofstede's dimensions is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to unstructured situations?

A) collectivism
B) power distance
C) long-term orientation
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) idiocentricity

Question 64

You need to choose a lead person for the team. This person must be a visionary; combining an original mind with great drive. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers Briggs Type?

A) Alan

Question 65

Instrumental values are preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving one's terminal values.

Question 66

Lynda is going to travel to Japan to bid on a large engineering project for her firm. Knowing that Japan ranked the highest in masculinity in Hofstede's cultural values study, which of the following behaviors would be safest for Lynda?

A) She should be bold and boisterous.
B) She should pay for all food and drinks.
C) She should wear colorful, feminine attire.
D) She should wear only conservative attire.
E) She should make lots of jokes.

Question 67

Hubert wants to expand his import business to Malaysia. Knowing that Malaysia ranked higher than any other country in power distance in Hofstede's cultural values study, which of the following is most likely true about what Hubert will discover when visiting potential business partners?

A) Most of the businesses are run by women.
B) Employees enjoy high benefits and equality.
C) Employee work conditions are poor.
D) Employees are fairly compensated.
E) Management socializes with staff.

Question 68

A culture that rates high in power distance values equality and does not accept inequalities of power.

Question 69

Individuals with Holland's "investigative" personality are well suited for careers as small business managers.

Question 70

What is the measure of the extent to which people in a country accept the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally?

A) caste acceptance
B) collectivism
C) power distance
D) masculinity
E) rigidity

Question 71

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a 100-question personality test that types four characteristics into sixteen personality types.

Question 72

Which of the following is most likely to be a country with high power distance?

A) an individualist country like Australia
B) a long term oriented country like Japan
C) an uncertainty avoiding country like Uruguay
D) a poor country like Guatemala
E) a masculine country like Greece

Question 73

Antonio is managing three small factories on the Mexico border with Texas. Knowing that cultures such as Mexico generally score high in Hofstede's dimension of uncertainty avoidance, which of the following management tactics would be appropriate for Antonio?

A) Antonio should allow the employees flexible working hours and alternate factory shifts weekly.
B) Antonio should put women in charge of the factory schedule to reduce masculinity differences.
C) Antonio should only visit the factory once a month so that the workers aren't intimidated.
D) Antonio should make sure that his factories maintain consistent shift schedules and weekly pay.
E) Antonio should work on the floor with the workers for a day to reduce power distance.

Question 74

Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE does not have an equivalent in Hofstede?

A) future orientation
B) power distance
C) performance orientation
D) individualism/collectivism
E) gender differentiation

Question 75

RVS values are fairly stable and consistent among groups.

Question 76

An adult's personality is proven to be made up only of situational factors, moderated by environmental conditions.

Question 77

Janet keeps emotional distance from her coworkers and believes that the ends can justify the means. Janet would rate high in Machiavellianism.

Question 78

Values tend to be stable and enduring.

Question 79

Veterans tend to be more loyal to their country and less loyal to their employer.

Question 80

The five personality factors identified in the Big Five Model appear in almost all cross-cultural studies.