Deck 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior

Question 1

Which of the following is least consistent with the developmental approach in the study of crime?

A) Searching for factors that place a child at risk of engaging in serious delinquency
B) Identifying the age of onset of antisocial behavior
C) Searching for protective factors in a child's life
D) Obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence
E) Examining a child's pre-school experiences.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Serious criminal offenders often present with _____cognitions.

A) contracted
B) distorted
C) dominant
D) erotic
E) subversive

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Criminal behavior is best defined as:

A) antisocial behavior.
B) deviant behavior behavior.
C) an intentional act in violation of a criminal code.
D) behavior that impedes the criminal process.
E) forbidden behavior.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Social control theory is an example of:

A) the conformity perspective.
B) the confirmation perspective.
C) Merton's strain perspective.
D) the nonconformist perspective.
E) the learning perspective.

Question 5

The psychodynamic approach explains behavior in terms of:

A) motives and drives.
B) personality traits.
C) free will.
D) logic.
E) heredity and family history.

Question 6

Three disciplines that have traditionally dominated the study of crime are:

A) sociology, psychology and psychiatry.
B) psychology, sociology and anthropology.
C) psychology, anthropology and economics.
D) psychology, anthropology and medicine.
E) medicine, psychology and criminal justice.

Question 7

Which one of the following would psychological criminology be most concerned with?

A) Demographic features of offenders who participate in burglary.
B) How violent individuals learn their aggressive behavior.
C) The gender of murder victims.
D) The time of day when burglary most often occurs.
E) The unequal power distribution between various members of society.

Question 8

Psychological criminology recently shifted its focus to a more _____ and _____ approach to the study of criminal behavior.

A) forensic; scientific
B) trait-focused; instrumental
C) personality; biological
D) cognitive; developmental
E) sociological; psychiatric

Question 9

The difference-in-kind perspective argues that humans are distinctly different from animals in which of the following ways?

A) Spiritually
B) Mentally
C) Psychologically
D) a and c
E) All of the above

Question 10

Psychological criminology focuses on how individual criminal behavior is:

A) acquired.
B) evoked.
C) maintained.
D) a and c only.
E) all of the above.

Question 11

The _____ perspective on crime is closely linked with the humanistic perspective.

A) conformity
B) strain
C) social learning
D) social control
E) nonconformist

Question 12

Sigmund Freud is most associated with which one of the following fields?

A) Traditional psychiatric criminology
B) Sociological criminology
C) Psychological criminology
D) Contemporary psychiatric criminology
E) Molecular criminology

Question 13

_____ is to positivist theory as _____ is to classical theory.

A) Determinism; free will
B) Jurisprudence; behavior
C) Cognition; biology
D) Biology; environment
E) Predictability; prevention

Question 14

The basic premise of strain theory is that crime occurs when:

A) there is a discrepancy between the materialistic values and goals cherished in our society and the availability of legitimate means for reaching these goals.
B) a society's values are too materialistic.
C) there is not enough value placed on doing the "right thing."
D) the economically and socially disadvantaged give up on the American dream.
E) one's level of stress far outweighs one's coping mechanisms.

Question 15

Social control theorists contend that crime occurs when:

A) an individual's ties to the conventional order are weak.
B) an individual's ties to normative standards are nonexistent.
C) an individual behaves indiscriminately.
D) both a and b.
E) all of the above.

Question 16

The belief that most people deserve the misfortune that happens to them is known as the:

A) fairness doctrine.
B) equal justice doctrine.
C) rationalizing attitudes.
D) just-world hypothesis.
E) self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 17

According to the author, our inability to prevent crime is largely due to:

A) a declining interest in the field of criminology.
B) the difficulty in defining the term "crime".
C) the complexity of the issue.
D) the paucity of experts studying crime.
E) the lack of funding available for research.

Question 18

The narrow range of offenses that do not require criminal intent are called:

A) non-index crimes.
B) unintentional offenses.
C) Part II crimes.
D) status offenses.
E) strict liability offenses.

Question 19

Which of the following offenses is not considered a violent crime, according to the UCR?

A) forcible rape
B) arson
C) nonnegligent manslaughter
D) robbery
E) aggravated assault

Question 20

Which one of the following would not be a primary concern of sociological criminology?

A) Personality characteristics of rapists
B) Age characteristics of murderers
C) Gender of victims of aggravated assault
D) Relationship of victim to offender
E) The victim characteristics of hate crimes.

Question 21

In general, individuals sentenced to prison accurately represent the "true" criminal population.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a method of measuring crime?

A) UCR
B) self-report studies
C) PCL-R
D) National Victimization Studies
E) Supplementary homicide report

Question 23

Which piece of data is not found in the Uniform Crime Reports?

A) Crime rates
B) Arrests for Part II crimes
C) Clearance rates
D) Conviction rates
E) Homicide rates

Question 24

The text primarily focuses on mentally disordered offenders.

Question 25

This text is based on the premise that there is an all-encompassing psychological explanation for crime.

Question 26

Free will is the hallmark of classical theory.

Question 27

The great majority of crime in the United States and other countries is neither serious nor violent.

Question 28

Self-report studies of criminal behavior:

A) usually have been found to be more accurate with female subjects.
B) are typically inaccurate in most areas studied.
C) usually attempt to measure only prior involvement in felonies.
D) suggest that crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes.
E) are

Question 29

Criminology is the psychological study of crime.

Question 30

Most antisocial behaviors go undetected by law enforcement.

Question 31

When one person is arrested for a crime, charged with the offense and remanded to the court for prosecution, the offense is considered to be:

A) stipulated as detected.
B) cleared by arrest.
C) adjudicated.
D) mandated in hierarchy.
E) remanded by exceptional means.

Question 32

Illegal behavior that only juveniles can commit such as incorrigibility, running away, and truancy are called:

A) offenses against the public order.
B) Part I crimes.
C) status offenses.
D) age-related crimes.
E) juvenile violations.

Question 33

Compared with the UCR, the NIBRS:

A) provides information on international crime.
B) is older.
C) provides more detailed information about a criminal event.
D) includes conviction data as well as arrest data.
E) is more reliable.

Question 34

ADAM, Monitoring the Future, and NHSDA are all examples of surveys that collect data on:

A) drug use.
B) hate crime.
C) sex offending.
D) status offenses.
E) juvenile violent crime.

Question 35

Forcible rape is a redundant term.

Question 36

According to crime experts, the dark figure represents the most violent crimes.

Question 37

Criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault are all examples of what kind of crime, according to the FBI?

A) Victimization crimes
B) Part I crimes
C) Part II crimes
D) Masculine crimes
E) Heinous crimes

Question 38

The Hate Crime Statistics Act was passed in:

A) 1975
B) 1983
C) 1990
D) 2001
E) 2007

Question 39

The most cited source of U.S. crime statistics is the Uniform Crime Reporting Program.

Question 40

Official crime statistics, such as those produced by the FBI:

A) normally overestimate the true incidence of crime.
B) have been found to be highly accurate.
C) report approximately the same amount of crime as victimization surveys.
D) normally underestimate the true incidence of crime.
E) overestimate the number of sexual offenses.

Question 41

List four status offenses mentioned in the Chapter. Discuss the controversy over criminalizing these offenses.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey, focusing on: a) how the data are obtained and b) what type of information is available from each.

Question 43

Define the term hate crime. Describe one well-known case involving hate crime victimization

Question 44

Briefly explain the developmental approach to explaining delinquency and criminal behavior.

Question 45

Discuss the differences in education, training and perspective between psychologists and psychiatrists. What are their similarities?

Question 46

How does Robert Merton's Strain Theory explain crimes of the rich and powerful?

Question 47

Explain the difference between psychological criminology and sociological criminology.

Question 48

Describe the three perspectives of human nature found in theories of crime.

Question 49

What is the hierarchy rule and how does it impact how crime is reported in the UCR?

Question 50

List the strengths and weaknesses of self-report surveys.